基于阵列流型盲辨识的MIMO雷达二维DOD和二维DOA联合估计

MIMO（Multiple Input Multiple Output）雷达基于分集增益理念,使其相对于相控阵雷达,在目标探测、参数测量、多目标分辨及干扰识别和抑制等方面具有明显优势.目标角度估计是雷达目标参数测量的核心内容,也是雷达对空域目标进行定位和跟踪的前提.本文基于双L型阵列,提出了一种高精度低复杂度的双基地MIMO雷达二维离开角和二维到达角联合估计的新算法.通过对匹配滤波后的阵列接收数据进行子空间分解,实现了阵列流形矩阵的盲辨识,进而获得目标二维到达角和二维离开角的闭式解.所提算法估得的收发四维角（二维离开角和二维到达角）能够自动配对,与2-D ESPRIT（Two Dimensional Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques）算法相比,运算复杂度约是其三分之一,角估计性能相当.仿真实验证明了所提算法以较低的运算复杂度,实现了对目标收发四维角的高精度联合估计.     

Unfolded coprime bistatic MIMO radar for joint DOD and DOA estimation: from viewpoint on aperture augment for sum coarray

Generally, the coprime linear array (CLA) consisting of two interleaved uniform linear subarrays can enlarge the array aperture to attain the better angle estimation performance compared with the uniform linear array (ULA). In this paper, we ulteriorly study the virtual sum coarray of the unfolded coprime (UC) bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar whose transmitter and receiver array are both unfolded CLA from the viewpoint on the geometry and array aperture. The UC MIMO radar can be exploited to obtain the better joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performance due to the larger array aperture. Furthermore, we propose an all sum coarray multiple signals classification (ASCA-MUSIC) algorithm for the UC MIMO radar. ASCA-MUSIC can fully exploit all the degrees of freedom (DOFs) in the sum coarray and can obtain the better estimation performance. We also prove that ASCA-MUSIC can avoid the phase ambiguity problem due to the coprime property. In addition, we devise a reduced complexity scheme for ASCA-MUSIC to reduce the high computational complexity and utilize Cramer–Rao Bound (CRB) as a benchmark for the lower bound on the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of unbiased angle estimation. Finally, the numerical simulations verify the effectiveness and superiority of the UC MIMO radar, ASCA-MUSIC and the reduced complexity scheme.     

基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计

该文提出一种基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列多输入多输出雷达降维波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先针对L型阵列导向矢量的结构,构造出一个降维矩阵,将回波信号转换到低维空间。然后利用二次优化方法将2维DOA估计分解为两个1维DOA估计。最后利用MUSIC空间谱估计其中1维角度,并利用求得的角度回代谱函数,对另1维角度进行求根估计。该算法将2维空间谱搜索降为1维搜索,极大地降低了运算复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该算法的准确性和可行性。     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.     

Joint Angle and Array Gain-Phase Errors Estimation Using PM-like Algorithm for Bistatic MIMO Radar

This paper discusses the problem of the direction of departure (DOD) and the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar with array gain-phase errors. In this paper, we propose a propagator method (PM)-like algorithm for joint angle and array gain-phase errors estimation in MIMO radar. The proposed method not only yields automatically paired estimates of the angles and gain-phase errors but also has much better gain-phase errors estimation performance than the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT)-like algorithm; this has higher computational cost than the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has angle estimation performance very close to ESPRIT-like algorithm. We also derive the Cramér–Rao bound (CRB) for MIMO radar with array gain-phase errors. Simulation results present the usefulness of our approach.     

基于空域稀疏性的嵌套MIMO雷达DOA估计算法

针对传统MIMO雷达可分辨目标数受限于虚拟阵元数的问题,该文提出一种基于嵌套阵的MIMO雷达阵形设计新方法并改进了相应的稀疏DOA估计算法。首先分析对传统MIMO雷达的虚拟阵元进行嵌套采样给DOA估计性能带来的影响;然后提出嵌套MIMO雷达阵形设计方法,在虚拟阵元数相同的情况下,该阵形比传统阵形分辨更多的目标;最后提出一种基于空域稀疏性的嵌套MIMO雷达改进DOA估计算法,该算法使用噪声子空间加权,在提高分辨率的同时可以有效消除伪峰。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性和优越性。     

Beamspace Root-MUSIC Algorithm for Joint DOD DOA Estimation in Bistatic MIMO Radar

The computational complexity for the direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in bistatic MIMO radar increases very rapidly with the number of sensors. To reduced computational complexity, a beamspace Root-MUSIC algorithm for joint DOD and DOA is proposed in this paper. Ingenuous mathematical manipulations utilizing the properties of common out-of-band nulls offered by discrete Fourier transform matrix beamformer are proposed to restore the Vandermonde structure with a reduced degree, which is lost in beamspace transformation for both the transmit array and the receive array. Then the DOD and DOA can be estimated via polynomials root finding procedure. The proposed algorithm can work in reduced dimension beamspace data and reduced degree polynomial root finding procedure in the final stage of Root-MUSIC. Moreover, automatic paring between the DODs and DOAs can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

矢量传感器阵列MIMO雷达高精度二维DOA与极化联合估计

该文采用矢量传感器配置下的十字型阵列MIMO雷达系统,提出一种新的2维高精度DOA与极化参数联合估计算法。首先根据MIMO雷达虚拟阵列导向矢量的特点,通过降维矩阵的设计及回波数据的降维变换,将高维回波数据转换至低维信号空间;然后基于传播算子获得对应信号子空间的估计,利用收、发阵列阵元间长基线对应的旋转不变性和极化矢量中电场矢量和磁场矢量的叉积进行2维高精度DOA估计和解模糊处理,同时利用与阵列结构无关的极化域旋转不变性进行极化辅角和极化相位差的联合估计。该矢量传感器MIMO雷达阵列可同时获取MIMO雷达的波形分集和矢量传感器的极化分集,无需额外增加阵元和硬件开销,能够有效扩展阵列孔径,提高参数估计性能;同时通过降维变换及传播算子,在获取信噪比增益的同时,能够实现2维高精度DOA和2维极化矢量的联合估计及参数的自动配对,有效降低数据处理维数和参数估计的运算复杂度;最后,仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

Nested planar array: configuration design,optimal array and DOA estimation

Nested array enables to enhance localisation resolution and achieve under-determined direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we improve the traditional nested planar array to achieve more degrees of freedom (DOFs) and better angle estimation performance. The closed-form expressions for sensor positions of the improved array are given and the optimal array configuration for largest available DOFs is derived. Meanwhile, a computationally efficient DOA estimation algorithm is proposed. Specifically, we utilise two dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (2D DFT) method to obtain the coarse DOA estimates; Subsequently, we achieve the fine DOA estimates by 2D spatial smoothing multiple signals classification (SS-MUSIC) algorithm. The proposed algorithm enjoys the same estimation accuracy as SS-MUSIC algorithm but with lower complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of spectral search. In addition, estimation of the number of signals is not required by 2D DFT method. Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Joint parameter estimation of DOD/DOA/polarization for bistatic MIMO radar

In the paper,polarization-sensitive array is exploited at the receiver of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system,a novel method is proposed for joint estimation of direction of departure (DOD),direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters for bistatic MIMO radars. A signal model of polarimetric MIMO radar is developed,and the multi-parameter estimation algorithm for target localization is described by exploiting polarization array processing and the invariance property in both transmitter array and receiver array. By making use of polarization diversity techniques,the proposed method has advantages over traditional localization algorithms for bistatic MIMO radar. Simulations show that the performance of DOD and DOA estimation is greatly enhanced when different states of polarization of echoes is fully utilized. Especially,when two targets are closely spaced and cannot be well separated in spatial domain,the estimation resolution of traditional algorithms will be greatly degraded. While the proposed algorithm can work well and achieve high-resolution identification and accurate localization of multiple targets.     

基于矢量传感器的扩展孔径双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位算法

该文研究基于电磁矢量传感器的扩展孔径多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达多目标定位算法。提出了一种新型MIMO雷达系统,发射阵列采用常规阵元,而接收阵列采用电磁矢量传感器,且传感器间距大于半波长。算法首先采用ESPRIT算法获得目标波达角(DOA)高精度模糊估计,随后利用矢量传感器的内在结构特点结合子空间旋转不变性获得目标DOA低精度无模糊估计进行解模糊,从而得到目标高精度DOA估计。最后利用已知DOA信息,采用1维MUSIC算法获得目标波离角(DOD)高精度估计。与已有算法相比,该算法大大提高了MIMO雷达的目标定位精度,且无需配对和2维搜索,具有较低的运算量。仿真结果证明了所提算法的有效性,其估计精度与CRB界接近。     

双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的DOA和DOD估计方法

结合分布式阵列和双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达的特点, 提出了一种新的双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的接收角(Direction of Arrival, DOA)和发射角(Direction of Departure, DOD)估计方法.根据发射阵列和接收阵列的空域旋转不变特性, 利用旋转不变估计技术(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT)获取无模糊DOA粗估计和高精度周期性模糊的DOA、DOD精估计; 再利用无模糊DOA粗估计、目标的双基地距离信息以及双基地MIMO雷达的几何特点, 解除DOA、DOD精估计的周期性模糊, 得到高精度且无模糊的DOA和DOD估计.最后, 根据ESPRIT算法原理和估计误差的概率统计特性进行算法的性能分析, 给出算法基线模糊门限的近似计算方法.该算法有效地放宽了发射阵列孔径扩展程度的限制, 从而提高了阵列在大孔径下的角度估计精度, 且能够实现DOA和DOD估计的自动配对.仿真结果验证了所提算法和性能分析方法的有效性.     

基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在阵元故障时虚拟阵列输出数据矩阵会出现大量的整行数据丢失,由于阵列接收数据矩阵的不完整而导致对波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)的估计性能恶化。大多数低秩矩阵填充算法要求缺失数据随机分布于不完整的矩阵中,无法适用于整行缺失数据的恢复问题。为此,提出了一种基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)降低虚拟阵列输出矩阵的维度,以减少计算复杂度。然后,对降维数据矩阵建立基于块Hankel矩阵正则化的低秩矩阵填充模型,在该模型中将MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵排列成块Hankel 矩阵并施加Schatten-p 范数作为正则项。最后,结合交替方向乘子法(Alternate Direction Multiplier Method,ADMM)求解该模型,获得完整的MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效恢复降维数据矩阵中的整行数据缺失,具有较高的DOA估计精度和实时性,在阵元故障率低于50.0%时DOA估计精度优于现有方法。     

阵列内插的波束域ML米波雷达测高方法

针对多径环境下低仰角目标角度估计的最大似然(ML)算法运算量大的问题,提出了一种能有效降低运算复杂度的米波雷达测高方法一基于阵列内插的波束域ML算法.首先对大间距的均匀线阵进行等间隔内插,对波束域变换存在的角度模糊问题实现了解模糊;通过无模糊的波束域变换将阵元接收的数据合成为少数几个波束域的数据;利用波束域的ML算法估计目标的仰角并计算其高度.该算法在获得与传统的ML算法相当的测角和测高精度的同时,运算量仅为传统ML的25%.计算机仿真和某米波雷达实测数据的处理结果验证了该算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于快速张量分解的波束空间MIMO雷达二维DOA估计算法

传统MIMO雷达由于采用全向发射模式导致目标增益损失严重,致使DOA估计算法性能较差.因此,本文提出基于波束空间MIMO雷达的张量模型和快速张量分解的二维DOA估计算法.波束空间MIMO雷达能够通过发射波束成形技术将发射能量集中到指定空域,弥补传统MIMO雷达的发射增益损失.通过高阶张量模型应用MIMO雷达多脉冲接收数...     

DOD and DOA estimation in bistatic MIMO radar for nested and coprime array with closed-form DOF

It is well known that sparse array can offer better angle resolution than that of uniform linear array (ULA) in the same number of physical sensors. But in bistatic minimum redundancy sparse array multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar, it cannot offer closed-form degree of freedom (DOF) for the arbitrary number of sensors with direction of departure and direction of arrival estimation. Therefore, this article introduces a nested array and coprime array into sparse array to solve the problem. First, construct no holes difference-coarray by extracting specified covariance matrix elements. Then, transform the difference-coarray into ULA within bistatic MIMO radar through some mathematical operations. As a result, many angle estimation methods for traditional ULA can be applied to the sparse bistatic MIMO array radar. The proposed algorithm offers closed-form DOFs for sparse array and the array aperture is much larger than that of ULA with identical number of sensors. The usefulness of the proposed methods is verified through computer simulations.     

一种适用于MIMO雷达的低复杂度二维DOA估计方法

 本文提出了一种适用于收、发共阵多发多收(MIMO)雷达的低复杂度二维波达方向(DOA)估计方法.该方法将MIMO雷达的虚拟二维阵列分解为多个构形相同但位置不同的虚拟子阵,通过一种基于预投影的ESPRIT算法得到同一目标二维DOA的多组估计值,极大地降低了运算量.并利用Kalman滤波器对这多组二维DOA估计值进行融合,提高了估计值的精度.同时,利用收、发对偶性对样本数据进行了重排,等效地将样本数加倍,进一步提高了二维DOA估计精度.数值仿真的结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

一种基于平行稀疏阵列虚拟孔洞填充的二维DOA估计算法

采用稀疏阵列进行波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计时往往会产生虚拟孔洞，它严重限制了阵列孔径的扩展与阵元自由度的提升。由于孔洞位置与初始阵列阵元数目、排布方式有关，故较难对其进行预填充。为此，提出了一种基于平行稀疏阵列虚拟孔洞填充的二维DOA估计算法，利用双稀疏线阵扩展生成两个不同的虚拟阵列，并利用其中一阵的信息去填充另一阵的孔洞。为尽可能减少总阵元数目，采用提前计算的孔洞位置去设计另一阵列的排布规则，并通过求根多重信号分类(Root-Mutiple Signal Classification，Root-MUSIC）算法替代传统的二维谱峰搜索算法完成对入射角度的估计与自动匹配。实验仿真结果验证了所提算法相比传统算法能以更少的阵元获得更高的估计精度。     

波形相关矩阵未知情况下单基地MIMO雷达中一种改进MUSIC的DOA估计算法

该文研究了波形相关矩阵未知情况下多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达中的角度估计问题,提出了一种单基地MIMO雷达中改进多重信号分类(MUSIC)的到达角(DOA )估计算法。该算法可以在波形相关矩阵未知的情况下工作且性能优于传统的传播算子(PM)和借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数(ESPRIT)算法以及基于接收信号重构的MUSIC算法。该文算法可以扩展到任意阵列结构的MIMO雷达中进行角度估计。该文还给出了单基地MIMO雷达中DOA估计的克拉美罗界(CRB)。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的阵元失效MIMO雷达DOA估计

在实际应用中由于恶劣环境或人为干扰等因素而导致多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达部分阵元失效,使得其接收数据缺失及其协方差矩阵秩亏,从而导致子空间类算法的波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能恶化甚至完全失效。针对上述问题,提出了一种接收阵元失效下基于协方差矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。该方法根据MIMO雷达协方差矩阵中以接收阵元数划分的子方块矩阵具有Toeplitz特性,利用正常工作接收阵元的协方差矩阵元素来恢复相应的缺失元素,从而重构出完整的数据协方差矩阵,提高阵元失效MIMO雷达的DOA估计性能。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。