2D DOA estimation for noncircular sources using L-shaped sparse array

We present an algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of noncircular sources using an L-shaped sparse array. An L-shaped sparse array consisting of two co-prime arrays is firstly introduced. Then, the fourth-order-cumulants (FOCs) of received data are used to construct a FOC matrix (FOCM), by which we can get the estimations of elevation angles. With the estimated elevation angles, the azimuth angles can be estimated by a low-complexity signal separation algorithm. During the procedure used for estimating azimuth angles, no any eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), peak search and pair-matching procedure need to be implemented. Although the aperture is extended significantly, the computation complexity of proposed algorithm still is acceptable. Compared with some analogous algorithms, our approach shows more attractive estimation performance. A lot of simulation results prove the advantages of proposed DOA estimation technology.     

采用降秩多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法

针对双平行线阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,为有效降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于降秩多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的快速算法。首先利用MSWF的前向递推实现信号子空间的快速估计,无需估计协方差矩阵和特征分解;然后,通过MUSIC算法对方位角和俯仰角的估计进行分维估计,使二维DOA估计退化为两个一维DOA估计问题,且方位角和俯仰角自动配对,进一步降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法的估计精度优于同样基于双平行线阵提出的波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰角兼并时同样适用,计算复杂度低,适用于实时性要求高的应用背景。     

四元数在二维波达方向估计中的应用

基于四元数,本文提出了一种针对双平行阵的二维波达方向估计方法。与复数不同,四元数是一种维数更高的多元数代数。利用四元数代数理论,波达方向估计问题可以以高维的角度来求解。本文将四元数的概念引入到双平行阵接收模型中,建立了双平行阵的四元数接收模型。所提算法利用四元数的不同基之间的共同特性,对四元数子空间与信号方向矢量的正交关系进行解耦,得到仅含方位角信息的方向矢量与四元数子空间的正交表达式,并通过一维搜索估计出方位角。根据得到的方位角,算法进一步估计得到信源的俯仰角。仿真实验验证了本文所提算法的有效性。      

Two-dimensional DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array using a successive MUSIC

This paper discusses the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and derives a successive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm therein. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of the azimuth and elevation angles obtained from the signal subspace, and uses successively one-dimensional local searches to achieve the joint estimation of 2D-DOA. The proposed algorithm, which requires the one-dimension local searches, can avoid the high computational cost within 2D-MUSIC algorithm. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically-paired 2D-DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and it has better DOA estimation performance than propagator method, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close angle estimation to 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays, works well for the sources with the same azimuth angle, and imposes less constraint on the sensor spacing, which does not have to be restricted within half-wavelength. We have also derived the mean-square error of DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation by?Cross-Correlation Matrix Stacking

In this paper, we present a novel scheme to improve the two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance for narrowband signals impinging on two orthogonal uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed scheme exploits the cross-correlation matrix information between subarray data to construct a stacking matrix and derive an expanded signal subspace representation through the singular value decomposition (SVD). This method enables the alleviation of the effects of additive noise. In particular, 2-D DOA estimation can be achieved by computing two rotation matrices with the same set of eigenvectors obtained by partitioning the expanded signal subspace. The pair matching procedure for elevation and azimuth angles is implemented by permutation test. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the existing techniques in DOA estimation as well as the detection of successful pair matching.     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation of coherent signals using acoustic vector sensor array

In this paper, we present two new methods for estimating two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) of narrowband coherent (or highly correlated) signals using an L-shaped array of acoustic vector sensors. We decorrelate the coherency of the signals and reconstruct the signal subspace using cross-correlation matrix, and then the ESPRIT and propagator methods are applied to estimate the azimuth and elevation angles. The ESPRIT technique is based on the shift invariance property of array geometry and the propagator method is based on partitioning of the cross-correlation matrix. The propagator method is computationally efficient and requires only linear operations. Moreover, it does not require any eigendecomposition or singular-value decomposition as for the ESPRIT method. These two techniques are direct methods which do not require any 2-D iterative search for estimating the azimuth and the elevation angles. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.     

基于波束域的子空间正交性测试宽带DOA估计方法研究

投影子空间正交性测试(Test of Orthogonality of Projected Subspace:TOPS)算法通过测试宽带信号各频率点上噪声子空间和信号子空间之间的正交性对目标方位进行到达角估计(DOA:direction-of-arrival)。此算法对参考频点上的信号子空间的估计依赖性较大,因此存在较多伪峰,低信噪比条件下性能差等缺点。针对该问题,提出一种基于波束域的宽带DOA估计方法。该方法通过将阵列接收信号转换到波束域,在波束域中利用信号带宽内各频率分量的波束域方向向量与噪声子空间之间的正交关系构造判决向量,根据判决向量搜索空间谱的极大值对应的角度进行DOA估计。该方法不需要进行角度预估,避免了TOPS算法中常出现的伪峰,降低了信噪比分辨门限,减少了计算量,具有较好的估计效果。将该方法分别运用到均匀圆阵和线阵上,通过仿真对比和海试实验数据的处理,证明了本文所提方法的有效性。      

一种自动匹配的分布式非圆信号二维DOA快速估计方法

在相干分布式非圆信号2维波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对利用非圆特性后维数扩展带来的较大复杂度问题,且现有的低复杂度算法均需要额外的参数匹配,该文提出一种基于互相关传播算子的自动匹配2维DOA快速估计算法。该算法考虑L型阵列,在建立相干分布式非圆信号扩展阵列模型的基础上,首先证明了L阵中两个子阵的广义方向矢量(GSV)均具有近似旋转不变特性,然后通过阵列输出信号的互相关运算消除了额外噪声,最终利用子阵GSV的近似旋转不变关系通过传播算子方法得到中心方位角与俯仰角估计。理论分析和仿真实验表明,所提算法无须谱峰搜索和协方差矩阵特征分解运算,具有较低的计算复杂度,并且能够实现2维DOA估计的自动匹配;同时,相比于现有的相干分布式非圆信号传播算子算法,所提算法以较小的复杂度代价获得了性能的较大提升。     

基于NC-MUSIC算法的均匀圆阵DOA估计及性能分析

近年来基于非圆信号的DOA估计算法由于其优良的估计性能,受到越来越多的关注。在接收阵列为均匀圆阵的情况下,对入射信号进行方位角和俯仰角的联合估计。依据非圆信号的DOA估计数学模型及阵列模型,采用NC-MUSIC算法完成对均匀圆阵方位角和俯仰角的联合估计。通过计算机仿真,得出该算法对均匀圆阵方位角和俯仰角的估计是比较准确的,并且通过NC-MUSIC与MUSIC算法仿真性能的分析比较,得出在接收阵列为均匀圆阵的情况下,NC-MUSIC算法也优于MUSIC。     

基于主奇异矢量的L型阵列相干信号二维DOA估计方法

针对现有L型阵列相干信号DOA估计算法精度不高、孔径损失较大的问题,该文提出一种基于主奇异矢量的解相干(L-PUMA)方法以及改进的主奇异矢量法(L-MPUMA)。L-PUMA算法首先对互协方差矩阵进行降噪,再通过奇异值分解得到2维主奇异矢量,然后利用加权最小二乘法得到线性预测方程的多项式系数,该线性预测方程的根即为信号的DOA估计,最后提出一种新的配对算法实现仰角和方位角的配对。L-MPUMA算法利用反向共轭变换构造增广主奇异矢量,进一步提高了数据利用率,克服了信号完全相干时L-PUMA算法性能下降严重的问题,仿真实验验证了所提算法的高效性。     

单快拍数据的分布式二维阵列测角方法研究

该文针对2维阵列波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于单快拍数据的分布式2维DOA估计算法。该算法首先利用每个子阵单元的单快拍数据进行2维Hankle矩阵构造;然后基于2维状态空间平衡法分别获得方位角和俯仰角子阵单元内DOA估计与子阵单元间DOA估计;最后通过解模糊算法获得方位角和俯仰角高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法较好地解决了子阵单元内DOA估计和子阵单元间DOA估计之间的配对问题以及俯仰角和方位角之间配对问题,充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性;同时该算法可直接对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于MIMO雷达虚拟阵列的二维波达方向估计算法

基于L型配置MIMO雷达系统,提出了一种利用MIMO雷达单次回波的二维波达方向估计新算法。该算法通过单次回波信号形成的虚拟阵列数据来构造两个具有特定关系的矩阵,再用这两个矩阵构造一个波达方向矩阵,根据该矩阵的特征值和特征向量之间的关系,导出了目标方位角和高低角的闭式解。该算法不涉及二维谱峰搜索,计算量小,且不存在参数的配对问题;此外,当发射阵元数大于2时,其估计的最大目标数可大于或等于接收阵元数。计算机仿真结果证明了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

基于虚拟阵列的二维稀疏阵列相干源DOA估计

波达方向DOA估计是雷达阵列信号处理的一个重要方向,传统的MUSIC算法对均匀阵列条件下独立信号源的估计有很强的适应性,但实际的雷达工作中,稀疏布阵下多相干源测角是一个经常出现的应用场景。文中针对二维稀疏阵列的相干源测角,提出了一种基于虚拟阵列的相干源DOA估计方法。该方法利用虚拟阵列内插的方法,将一个任意二维稀疏阵列内插为一个均匀面阵,再通过二维空间平滑方法对相干源进行测角,能够同时获得信号的方位角和俯仰角信息。稀疏面阵和稀疏圆阵的仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以有效的解决二维稀疏阵列的相干源测角问题。     

基于MUSIC 算法的圆阵 DOA 估计技术及改进方法

介绍了基于MUSIC算法的圆阵到达方向（DOA）估计技术,即将均匀圆阵接收数据的协方差矩阵进行特征分解,把观测数据划分为信号子空间与噪声子空间,并利用2个空间的正交性构造出＂针状＂空间谱峰,进行信号源DOA估计;针对小信噪比和小快拍数情况下,常规 M USIC算法对入射角度相近的信号源的分辨率严重下降的问题,利用谱函数极大值点对方位角和仰角的二阶导数小于零的特性,通过对方位角和俯仰角求二阶偏导数,提出了新的空间谱函数的方法。     

一种稀疏表示的二维DOA降维估计新算法

提出了一种基于空间锥角降维的二维DOA稀疏分解估计新方法,解决了利用稀疏表示方法进行二维DOA估计时计算复杂度大的问题.根据L阵列的结构特性,引入空间锥角表示信号的二维DOA信息,构造空间锥角冗余字典,通过稀疏正则化求解实现空间锥角的估计,然后利用求解得到功率实现L阵列中两个子阵之间的空间锥角配对,从而达到对多来波的二维DOA估计的目的,其避免了方位角和俯仰角组合而造成冗余字典庞大的问题,极大地减少了稀疏分解的计算量.仿真和实测数据结果均验证了该方法的有效性和优越性,为进一步的工程应用奠定了基础.     

基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计

该文提出一种基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列多输入多输出雷达降维波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先针对L型阵列导向矢量的结构,构造出一个降维矩阵,将回波信号转换到低维空间。然后利用二次优化方法将2维DOA估计分解为两个1维DOA估计。最后利用MUSIC空间谱估计其中1维角度,并利用求得的角度回代谱函数,对另1维角度进行求根估计。该算法将2维空间谱搜索降为1维搜索,极大地降低了运算复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该算法的准确性和可行性。     

An automatically paired two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation method for two parallel uniform linear arrays

In two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, paring the azimuth and elevation angles of multiple sources is an important issue. In this letter, we propose a new automatically paired 2-D DOA estimation method by designing the geometry of two antenna subarrays and using the propagator method (PM). A special geometry between two parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs) with a position displacement on the axial direction is proposed to facilitate the elevation and azimuth pairing and estimation. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method can achieve the same 2-D DOA estimation performance as the existing methods, while the complexity is reduced considerably.     

基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源二维DOA估计算法

针对空间相干信源的二维DOA估计问题,提出一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的新算法。采用垂直放置的L形阵列,通过对重构的Toeplitz矩阵进行特征分解,得到对应的噪声子空间,并用MUSIC算法进行有限次一维搜索,先后估计出俯仰角和相应的方位角。与空间平滑处理算法相比,不减少阵元的有效孔径,具有更强解相干能力,估计性能也优于后者。最后计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性和可行性。     

DOA error estimation in 3D cylindrical dipole array geometries including the mutual coupling effect

The direction of arrival (DOA) error in dipole 3D arrays is estimated through Monte-Carlo simulations using the standard MUSIC algorithm. Novel 3D geometries are implemented which demonstrate better precision given the same lateral area. The mutual coupling effect is included by changing the search vector in the MUSIC DOA algorithm for the novel 3D geometries. A simple straight forward method is used which does not need complex electromagnetic computations. Simulations show that the proposed method can successfully account for the mutual coupling effects in two dimensional direction finding (both azimuth and elevation angle) with novel 3D array geometries. Reduced DOA estimation error is observed in the novel geometries which can be used as a method of mitigation for the mutual coupling effect.     

L-shaped array-based elevation and azimuth direction finding in the presence of mutual coupling

For two-dimensional (2-D) directions-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem, both the mutual coupling and the failure in pairing can cause severe performance degradation. In this paper, a new elevation and azimuth direction finding algorithm is developed to overcome the above-mentioned two difficulties in the L-shaped array configuration. The key points of this paper are: (i) constructing several correlation matrices to blindly compensate the effect of unknown mutual coupling using the outputs of properly chosen sensors and (ii) deriving a rank-reduction propagator method to estimate elevation and azimuth angles so as to avoid pairing parameters. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed method.