Topology authentication for piping isometric drawings

Piping isometric drawings, which feature their intrinsical topological relation rather than just geometrical shape, are important industrial art works in the field of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This paper takes a fresh look at the topology integrity authentication of piping isometric drawings, which has not been mentioned before in the literature, from the digital watermarking perspective. A blind and semi-fragile watermarking based algorithm is proposed to address the referred interesting issue. The topology authentication problem of piping isometric drawings is investigated. In addition to the stretching operation, both global and local similarity transformation operations, which are critical problems in the case of watermarking embedding and extraction, are analyzed in detail. The topological graph is extracted and constructed from the drawing firstly. Then, similarity transformation invariants are constructed as watermarks carriers for each node. After that, the topological relation among joint components is encoded into singular watermarks for each node of the graph. These generated topology sensitive watermarks are embedded into geometrical invariants of each node via quantization index modulation. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that our approach yields a strong ability in detecting and locating unauthorized topology attacks while achieves robustness against both global and local similarity transformations especially the stretching operation. The proposed scheme can be employed to authenticate topology integrity for each of the drawings derived from the model individually in industry practices.     

基于哈希的二维工程 CAD 图纸检索技术

针对企业在设计创新过程中大量采用已有计算机辅助设计(CAD)图纸进行设计重 用的情况,提出了一种基于哈希的二维工程 CAD 图纸检索方法。首先基于环形分割算法提取 工程 CAD 图纸中每个组件对象几何特征;基于传统 LBP 算子提出了一种局部拓扑矢量量化模 式(T-LVQP),实现对各个组件拓扑特征的提取;然后基于协方差描述符融合几何特征和拓扑特 征,通过 LBG 算法将所有组件按照几何特征分组后得到工程 CAD 图纸的特征向量表达;最后 通过迭代量化哈希算法生成图纸的哈希序列。实验结果表明,该算法检索速度快、准确度高, 对于二维工程 CAD 图纸具有较好的检索效果。     

基于对象图例及其拓扑关系识别的二维工程CAD图纸矢量化方法

为实现二维工程CAD图纸矢量化,提出一种基于对象图例及其拓扑关系识别的矢量化方法。该方法首先针对对象图例的几何属性,提出基于HOG(Histogram of Gradient)和SVM(Support Vector Machine)的多类对象图例分类方法,然后通过提取对象的环形分割特征识别子类对象图例,接着利用基于连通域标记方法实现对象图例拓扑关系的识别。结果表明,本文算法能够有效识别图纸中的对象及其拓扑关系,对于图纸中常见的图例线条断裂、模糊等问题具有鲁棒性。基于本文算法提取的对象几何和拓扑信息可以为后续的图纸矢量化奠定基础,相关关键技术的探索性研究对后续工程图纸矢量化研究具有一定启发性。     

Authenticating topological integrity of process plant models through digital watermarking

Process plant models, which feature their intrinsical complex topological relation, are important industrial art works in the field of Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This paper investigates the topology authentication problem for process plant models. Compared with the widely studied watermarking based geometrical information protection and authentication techniques for traditional mechanical CAD drawings, topology authentication is still in its infancy and offers very interesting potentials for improvements. A semi-fragile watermarking based algorithm is proposed to address this interesting issue in this paper. We encode the topological relation among joint plant components into the watermark bits based on the hamming code. A subset of the model’s connection points are selected as mark points for watermark embedding. Then those topology sensitive watermark bits are embedded into selected mark points via bit substitution. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that our approach yields a strong ability in detecting and locating malicious topology attacks while achieves robustness against various non-malicious attacks.     

Robust and secure image hashing

Image hash functions find extensive applications in content authentication, database search, and watermarking. This paper develops a novel algorithm for generating an image hash based on Fourier transform features and controlled randomization. We formulate the robustness of image hashing as a hypothesis testing problem and evaluate the performance under various image processing operations. We show that the proposed hash function is resilient to content-preserving modifications, such as moderate geometric and filtering distortions. We introduce a general framework to study and evaluate the security of image hashing systems. Under this new framework, we model the hash values as random variables and quantify its uncertainty in terms of differential entropy. Using this security framework, we analyze the security of the proposed schemes and several existing representative methods for image hashing. We then examine the security versus robustness tradeoff and show that the proposed hashing methods can provide excellent security and robustness.     

A two-level topological model for 3D features in CityGML

CityGML, as the standard for the representation and exchange of 3D city models, contains rich information in terms of geometry, semantics, topology and appearance. With respect to topology, CityGML adopts the XLink approach to represent topological relationships between different geometric aggregates or thematic features; however, it is limited to shared objects. This paper proposes a two-level model for representing 3D topological relationships in CityGML: high-level (semantic-level) topology between semantic features and low-level (geometric-level) topology between geometric primitives. Five topological relationships are adopted in this model: touch, in, equal, overlap and disjoint. The semantic-level topology is derived from the geometric-level topology on the basis of the shared geometric primitives. To maintain the 3D topology, topological consistency rules are presented. An Application Domain Extension, called TopoADE, is proposed for the implementation of the topological model. The TopoADE consists of three modules: Topology, Feature and Geometry. Finally, 3D city models with LoD1 to LoD4 are used to test this model. Experimentation on those data sets indicates a validation of the proposed topological model in CityGML.     

基于图像正则化的抗几何变换的感知哈希算法

图像哈希在内容认证、数据库搜索和水印等领域有广泛的应用。该文提出的新的抗几何变换的感知哈希方法包括三个主要阶段：第一阶段通过图像正则化过程获得一个对任意仿射变换具有不变性的正则图像;第二阶段对随机选择的多个子图像进行小波变换产生一个包括图像主要特征的副图像;第三阶段采用奇异值分解捕获图像的局部感知成分并生成最终哈希。仿真实验表明算法有效抵抗了几何变换、压缩等感知保持操作,内容篡改也被正确检测。批量实验也证明算法有较好的稳健性和抗误分类能力。     

基于N-LBP纹理与色度信息的Camshift跟踪算法

基于颜色特征的运动目标跟踪算法容易受到光照非均匀变化或阴影的影响,如何利用多种特征联合构造目标模型以提升跟踪性能是一个关键问题.提出了一种新的特征融合运动目标跟踪算法,该算法基于局部二值模式(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)纹理特征,引入光照自适应的局部标准差构造二值模式门槛值,采用统一模式下的N-LBP纹理描述子构造特征直方图,并结合色度信息建立联合直方图,在Camshift算法框架内进行目标跟踪.实验证明,与传统Camshift算法相比,该算法在保证跟踪算法实时性能的同时,可以更好地克服阴影遮挡等导致的非均匀光照变化带来的影响,具有良好的跟踪效果.     

一种适用于无线传感器网络的拓扑控制算法

无线传感器网络拓扑控制算法对于延长网络的生存时间、减小通信干扰、提高路由协议和MAC协议的效率等具有重要的意义.在分析XTC(eXemplary Topology Control)算法的基础上,提出一种改进的基于局部网络信息的分布式拓扑控制算法M-XTC(M0dIfied-XTC).改进算法保持了XTC算法简单、实用,不需要节点位置信息,适用于普通节点、异构网络和三维空间等优点,并且更有利于延长网络的生存时间,具有更好的实时性和鲁棒性.     

指纹拓扑模式构建及其在识别中的应用

现有指纹识别算法对指纹图像质量要求较高,特别是在变形指纹识别中鲁棒性不强。基于指纹特征属性和细节点、脊线拓扑关系的拓扑模式从整体到局部,具备以拓扑性质为基础的不同层次的几何不变性,在指纹变形中具有更高的鲁棒性。通过对指纹细节点、脊线属性及点、线拓扑关系的分析与计算,构建了两种基于指纹细节点、脊线的拓扑模式,实验结果验证了所构建的两种拓扑模式在指纹平移、旋转、缩放及轻微非线性变形中具有较高的鲁棒性,可用于变形等低质量指纹图像的识别中     

Efficient authentication of scalable media streams over wireless networks

Media authentication of wireless transmission is becoming an increasingly important issue. Authenticated media content is constantly required to be transcoded at intermediates to accommodate heterogeneous applications. In this paper, a general and efficient authentication approach is proposed for scalable lossy media streams. Firstly, a joint coding and stream authentication (JCSA) media transmission system is described in a heterogeneous wireless network. For the JCSA system, a novel structure-maintained packetization is designed to realize flexible transcoding. Secondly, to obtain the optimal end-to-end quality and minimize the authentication overhead, a quality-optimized stream authentication (QOSA) framework is proposed for authenticating media content. Finally, an implementation of the proposed QOSA optimization framework on the consultative committee for space data systems image data compression (CCSDS IDC) coder is presented by combining graph-based and error-correction coding based (ECC-based) approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can achieve the desired goal that it provides high robustness against packet-loss at the cost of a very low overhead.     

深度特征融合的非刚性三维形状局部匹配

针对海量、异构三维形状匹配与智能检索技术的需求,提出了一种基于级联卷积神经网络(F-PointCNN)深度特征融合的三维形状局部匹配方法.首先,采用特征袋模型,提出几何图像表示方法,该几何图像不仅能够有效区分同类异构的非刚性三维模型,而且能够揭示大尺度不完整三维模型的结构相似性.其次,构建级联卷积神经网络学习框架F-P...     

Multi-volume CAD modeling for heterogeneous object design and fabrication

The current computer-aided technologies in disign and product development,the evolution of CAD modeling,and a framework of multi-volume CAD modeling system for heterogeneous object design and fabrication are presented in this paper.The multi-volume CAD modeling system is presented based on nonmanifold topological elements.Material identifications are defined as design attributes introduced along with geometric and topological information at the design stage.Extended Euler operation and reasoning Boolean operations for merging and extraction are executed according to the associated material identifications in the developed multi-volume modeling system for heterogeneous object.An application example and a pseudo-processing algorithm for prototyping of heterogeneous structure through solid free-form fabrication are also described.     

Sketch-based retrieval of drawings using spatial proximity

Currently, there are large collections of drawings from which users can select the desired ones to insert in their documents. However, to locate a particular drawing among thousands is not easy. In our prior work we proposed an approach to index and retrieve vector drawings by content, using topological and geometric information automatically extracted from figures. In this paper, we present a new approach to enrich the topological information by integrating spatial proximity in the topology graph, through the use of weights in adjacency links. Additionally, we developed a web search engine for clip art drawings, where we included the new technique. Experimental evaluation reveals that the use of topological proximity results in better retrieval results than topology alone. However, the increase in precision was not as high as we expected. To understand why, we analyzed sketched queries performed by users in previous experimental sessions and we present here the achieved conclusions.     

基于T-Spline的全自动几何拓扑修复方法

从高质量曲面网格生成的需求出发,提出了一种基于T-Spline的全自动几何拓扑修复方法.本文方法创新性主要可归纳为:1）对原有计算机辅助设计（Computer aided design,CAD）几何模型不进行任何修改保留其本真,自动识别CAD几何模型中常见不必要的几何特征,成功解决了CAD几何模型中存在的几何瑕疵,如短边、窄面、退化边、退化面、非连续光滑边界及尖锐特征等,利用新生成的"虚边"、"虚面"处理几何瑕疵,同时通过虚拓扑重构CAD几何模型的B-Rep;2）开发了一套CAD/CAE集成系统,统一了几何模型与计算分析模型,实现计算机辅助工程（Computer aided engineering,CAE）与CAD两者的无缝集成,所有拓扑修复操作及后续CAE分析计算均在同一环境下进行,避免了几何模型在CAE与CAD系统间进行转换时造成的数据丢失.该方法能够对复杂实体实现全自动几何拓扑修复及网格生成,实验表明,在保证不失真的前提下,修复后的几何模型能够生成质量良好的网格且能降低网格的生成规模,验证了本文方法的实用性和有效性,以满足工程实际分析的需要.     

Combinatorial manifold mesh reconstruction and optimization from unorganized points with arbitrary topology

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to reliably reconstruct the geometric shape of a physically existing object based on unorganized point cloud sampled from its boundary surface. The proposed approach is composed of two steps. In the first step, triangle mesh structure is reconstructed as a continuous manifold surface by imposing explicit relationship among the discrete data points. For efficient reconstruction, a growing procedure is employed to build the 2-manifold directly without intermediate 3D representation. Local and global topological operations with ensured completeness and soundness are defined to incrementally construct the 2-manifold with arbitrary topology. In addition, a novel criterion is proposed to control the growing process for ensured geometric integrity and automatic boundary detection with a non-metric threshold. The reconstructed manifold surface captures the object topology with the built-in combinatorial structure and approximates the object geometry to the first order. In the second step, new methods are proposed to efficiently obtain reliable curvature estimation for both the object surface and the reconstructed mesh surface. The combinatorial structure of the triangle mesh is then optimized by changing its local topology to minimize the curvature difference between the two surfaces. The optimized triangle mesh achieves second order approximation to the object geometry and can serve as a basis for many applications including virtual reality, computer vision, and reverse engineering.