Secure 3D data hiding technique based on a mesh traversal algorithm

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Due to its powerful ability to conceal secret data inside an unsuspicious cover object, image steganography has emerged as an active field of research. Recently,...     

Secure data hiding techniques: a survey

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This article presents a detailed discussion of different prospects of digital image watermarking. This discussion of watermarking included: brief comparison of...     

Secure data hiding scheme using shape generation algorithm: a key based approach

Data hiding in images has evolved as one of the trusted methods of secure data communication and numerous approaches have been introduced over the years using gray scale images as the cover media. Most of the methods are based on data hiding in least significant bit planes of cover images. Many such methods purely depend on data substitution algorithms by defining a pattern in which data is embedded. One can gain access to the secret data in a few attempts, if the algorithm is known. Keeping this in view several approaches based on secret keys have also been proposed by researchers. This paper proposes an efficient data embedding scheme using a key and an embedding pattern generated through midpoint circle generation algorithm. The pattern can be applied to a carrier that is mapped onto a grid/image. The cryptosystem uses the concept of steganography and is computationally light and secure. The secret-key is generated in such a way that Avalanche effect is ensured except in very rare cases. The proposed data embedding method is shown to be robust and highly secure while maintaining good hiding capacity and imperceptibility. It is applicable for data hiding in a generic grid that could be of pixels or bits.     

Reversible data hiding based on PDE predictor

In this paper, we propose a prediction-error expansion based reversible data hiding by using a new predictor based on partial differential equation (PDE). For a given pixel, PDE predictor uses the mean of its four nearest neighboring pixels as initial prediction, and then iteratively updates the prediction until the value goes stable. Specifically, for each pixel, by calculating the gradients of four directions, the direction with small magnitude of gradient will be weighted larger in the iteration process, and finally a more accurate prediction can be obtained. Since PDE predictor can better exploit image redundancy, the proposed method introduces less distortion for embedding the same payload. Experimental results show that our method outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.     

Lossless data hiding based on prediction-error adjustment

A novel lossless data hiding scheme based on a combination of prediction and the prediction-error adjustment (PEA) is presented in this paper. For one pixel,its four surrounding neighboring pixels are used to predict it and 1-bit watermark information is embedded into the prediction-error. In traditional approaches,for the purpose of controlling embedding distortion,only pixels with small prediction-errors are used for embedding. However,when the threshold is small,it is difficult to efficiently com-press the location map which is used to identify embedding locations. Thus,PEA is introduced to make large prediction-error available for embedding while causing low embedding distortions,and accord-ingly,the location map can be compressed well. As a result,the hiding capacity is largely increased. A series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed ap-proach.     

一种基于三维模型冗余贴图的信息隐藏技术

针对传统三维模型信息隐藏技术鲁棒性不强的缺点,提出了一种基于三维模型冗余贴图的信息隐藏算法。首先,对正交投影纹理映射规则进行面片贴图的可行性进行验证;其次,构造带有表面颜色属性的四元数小波变换空间并选取传输的关键信息进行加密;最后,将隐秘消息嵌入鲁棒空间后生成含密obj模型,贴图纹理与状态信息保存至MTL文件中,以RSA编程手段进行含密模型文件加密处理。仿真实验表明,与不含表面贴图属性的三维模型水印以及隐写方法相比,该算法在特殊渲染环境下具备较强的抗攻击能力。     

基于数据叠加的空间域信息隐藏算法

提出了一种基于数据叠加的空间域的信息隐藏算法,通过对秘密信息数据流进行置乱,并采用数据叠加的方法将秘密信息非均匀地分布到图像载体的各位平面,以提高信息隐藏的安全性。实验表明,算法在保证良好的不可感知性前提下,使秘密信息具有很强的抗检测性、抗提取性,且隐藏容量较高,最大可达到4bits/pixel,有较强的实用性。     

High-capacity index based data hiding method

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a high-capacity data hiding method based on the index function is presented. The cover image is divided into non-overlapping sub-blocks, and the...     

High-capacity reversible data hiding based on multi-histogram modification

Reversible data hiding is a technique that embeds a message into a host image with acceptable visual distortion and then recovers the image without any data loss while extracting the embedded message. The previous schemes mainly suffer from an unresolved problem that the imperceptibility of a marked image decreases severely as the embedding capacity increases. Extending the histogram modification technique, this study proposes a novel scheme that utilizes multiple histograms to increase embedding capacity while keeping marked-image quality. Unlike most histogram modification schemes, the multi-histogram scheme does not suffer from overflow and underflow during histogram shift. This scheme can yield the embedding capacity of 1 bit per pixel (bpp) at the PSNR of 48.13 db for a 512?×?512 grayscale image. To reduce the overhead during message embedding, the work further proposes an iterative multi-histogram scheme. Comprehensive experimental results show that both the schemes can achieve high embedding capacity and image quality.     

基于病灶格子图的嵌入编码数字隐写系统

针对数字图像隐写中常见的LSB替换隐写算法的不足, 设计并实现一种基于病灶格子图编码（STC）算法的数字隐写系统, 该系统对STC编码算法进行了改进, 给出了隐藏秘密消息比特数的传递方法, 优化了其自适应性, 解决了秘密消息的长度共享问题, 改进了传输过程中STC码的抗提取性能, 从而提高了隐写系统的安全性。     

High capacity data hiding based on interpolated image

We investigate the use of parabolic interpolation in data hiding and propose a novel data hiding algorithm with high capacity based on interpolated image. Specifically, the proposed algorithm creates an interpolated image from input image by parabolic interpolation, and embeds secret bits into interpolated pixels in terms of the relation between the interpolated value and the mean value. Ten standard benchmark images are taken as test images for validating efficiency of our algorithm. The results illustrate that our algorithm has better performances than some popular data hiding methods in embedding capacity and visual quality with respect to PSNR and SSIM.     

High-fidelity lossless data hiding based on predictors selection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Reversible data hiding based on prediction methods is a data hiding technique wherein secret bits can be efficiently hidden into cover images. In this paper, we...     

Reversible data hiding based on block median preservation

This paper proposes a reversible data hiding scheme for gray level images. It exploits the high correlation among image block pixels to produce a difference histogram. Secret data is embedded based on a multi-level histogram shifting mechanism with reference to the integer median of each block. The image blocks are divided into four categories due to four corresponding embedding strategies, aiming at preserving the medians during data embedding. In decoder, the median pixels are retrieved first followed by the hidden data extraction, and the host image can be accurately recovered via an inverse histogram shifting mechanism after removing the secret data from the marked image. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our scheme and demonstrate that it outperforms several previous methods in terms of capacity and marked image’s quality.     

基于指纹图像特征的数据隐藏

提出一种基于指纹图像特征采用直方图对进行数据隐藏的方法,将其用于基于指纹识别和易碎数字水印的银行养老金发放系统。通过分析指纹图像的特征,发现指纹图像直方图在0和255像素有极大值,且和其相近值有极大的落差,采用直方图对方法先压缩0和255邻近值,再嵌入在0和255位置,实验获得较高的峰值信噪比和较高的嵌入量(>5000比特)。     

改进的基于模函数的数据隐藏方案

Lee等人(LEE C F, CHEN H L. A novel data hiding scheme based on modulus function. The Journal of Systems and Software, 2010, 83(5): 832-843)提出了一种基于模函数的数据隐写方法,在图像质量可接受的情况下,每个像素的最大嵌入容量为4位二进制数。但是当每个像素的嵌入量为4位时,隐写图像的质量较差,容易引起攻击者的注意。对该方法进行了改进,缩小了像素改变的范围。理论分析及模拟实验表明,改进方法不但保留了原方法的各种优点,而且使PSNR值增加1.5~3.5dB,提高了隐写图像的视觉不可见性及抵御RS攻击的能力。     

无定位图的预测误差差值扩展可逆数据隐藏*

将Tian差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像中,提出一种利用预测误差差值进行扩展嵌入的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、须嵌入定位图等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到两个色彩分量中;其次,对直方图平移技术进行改进,使得同等嵌入率下图像质量达到最佳;最后由两个色彩分量中像素的预测值之和决定可用于扩展嵌入的像素,无须保存溢出定位图,提取端在提取信息时可无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法在同等嵌入率下可取得更好的图像质量,算法复杂度     

基于像素值排序的可逆信息隐藏算法

针对嵌入秘密后灰度图失真明显的问题,提出一种基于像素值排序（PVO）的可逆信息隐藏算法。首先,将像素分成灰、白两层,选择灰层的像素作为目标像素,对目标像素十字交叉位置上的4个白色像素进行排序;然后根据排序结果计算两端两个像素的均值和中间两个像素的均值,利用可逆约束实现像素的动态预测;最后,根据预测结果构造预测误差直方图（PEH）,使用环形复杂度实现秘密数据的自适应嵌入,并用同样的方法处理白色层像素。利用USC-SIPI标准图像库中6幅图像进行仿真实验,当嵌入容量（EC）为10000 b,平均峰值信噪比（PSNR）为61.89 dB时,该算法能有效减小携密图像的失真。     

Secure medical images based on data hiding using a hybrid scheme with the Hamming code,LSB, and OPAP

Some medical accidents in hospitals are related to mismanagement of medical images X-ray and computer tomography (CT). A counterfeit medical image leads to medical accidents. Thus, security of medical images is important for patient safety. Data hiding can help patients avoid mistakes of doctors or nurses who confuse patient X-rays or CT scans. A hybrid data hiding scheme was applied that combined the Hamming code and LSB with an optimal pixel adjustment process algorithm for encoding to conceal hidden patient information. In addition, quality and capacity of stego-images were improved. Experimental results confirmed that the hiding capacity provided by this strategy is greater than for other schemes. Moreover, the image quality of stego-images with the proposed scheme remained more than 50 dB for most medical test images. In this experiment, we verified the proposed steganographic data hiding scheme as RS steganalysis.     

基于预测误差和直方图对的无损数据隐藏方法

针对目前存在的大部分图像数据隐藏方法的嵌入量不大和视觉效果一般的问题,提出一种基于预测误差和直方图对的无损数据隐藏方法。在多灰度图像中,用某一像素点周围的八个像素点来预测中心像素点的灰度值,同时得到预测误差。再利用直方图对的方法,把数据嵌入到预测误差中。在嵌入过程中,以嵌入阈值和起伏阈值作为指导进行嵌入,通过调整这两个阈值,得到最佳的嵌入效果。实验表明,该方法在视觉效果和嵌入容量方面都取得很好的效果。