音频DFT域量化水印性能研究

为研究基于量化音频DFT域的水印算法性能,分析了该算法的原理,给出了一种简便的嵌入和提取公式,重点分析了算法的透明性、鲁棒性等性能,指出了算法的缺陷。首先,利用均方误差定义得出了嵌入失真公式,认为透明性与量化步长的平方成正比,而且当载体系数较小时容易引起听觉失真;其次,依据信息提取原则推导了加性高斯白噪声和幅度规整攻击下的误比特率,认为算法抗噪性能只与量化步长有关,而算法抵抗幅度规整攻击的性能很差;最后,通过仿真实验验证了以上公式的正确性。     

基于果蝇优化算法的小波域数字水印算法

为了平衡水印的透明性和鲁棒性,提出了基于果蝇优化算法(FOA)的小波域数字水印算法。该算法利用果蝇优化算法将离散小波变换(DWT)应用到水印技术中,通过群体智能算法解决水印的透明性和鲁棒性之间的矛盾。为了保护数字图像的版权信息,将所选择的原始图像通过二维离散小波变换分解,然后将经过Arnold变换后的水印图像较优地嵌入到小波的垂直子带系数中,这样可以保证图像的质量。在优化过程中,缩放因子是通过FOA不断地被训练和更新的。此外,还提出一个新的算法框架,通过DWT域预测可行性来评估参数。实验结果表明,所提算法具有较高的透明性和鲁棒性,水印相似度在0.95以上,与现有的一些基于群智能算法的水印方法相比,在对抗旋转和剪切等几何攻击提高了10%。     

基于ICA的小波域图像数字水印方法

利用独立分量分析(ICA)和小波变换,提出一种新的图像数字水印方法。该方法充分利用置乱技术、纠错码技术以及HVS的特性,使得水印的鲁棒性和透明性都得到了保证。使用ICA技术可以更加有效的提取水印。经大量实验证明,本文所提出的方法对常用的图像处理有较强的抗攻击性。     

Reliability-based structural design optimization: hybridized conjugate mean value approach

The efficiency and robustness of reliability techniques are important in reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). Commonly, advanced mean value (AMV) is utilized in reliability loop of RBDO but unstable solutions using AMV may be obtained for highly concave performance functions. Owing to the challenges of commonly reliability methods, the conjugate gradient analysis (CGA) is proposed as a robust methodology but it shows inefficient results for convex constraints. In this research, hybrid conjugate mean value (HCMV) method is proposed using sufficient condition for the enhancement of efficiency and robustness of RBDO. The CGA and AMV are dynamically utilized for simple solution of convex/concave constraints using sufficient descent criterion in HCMV. The HCMV is used to evaluate the convergence performances and is compared with numerous existing reliability methods through three reliability problems (two concave/convex mathematical examples and one applicable structure) and four RBDO problems. From the numerical results, the HCMV exhibited the better efficiency, and robustness compared to other studied formulations in reliability and RBDO problems.

     

Hybrid robust watermarking for color images

In this paper, we present a blind and highly robust watermarking scheme method for color images by combining the advantages of both spatial and frequency domain. Watermark is generated for each channel (RGB) of the color image by extracting spatial domain features using Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix as well as a unique identification number. The watermark is embedded in Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based less correlated low and high frequency sub bands in such a way that the perceptual quality of the image is preserved. Imperceptibility is achieved by embedding the watermark in less correlated sub bands and robustness is achieved by spreading the watermark using Laplacian Pyramid in contourlet transform. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can survive various image processing and signal processing attacks. The proposed method achieves high transparency, imperceptibility and robustness compared to some of the existing schemes.     

An improved SVD-based watermarking technique for copyright protection

The drawbacks of SVD-based image watermarking are false positive, robust and transparency. The former can be overcome by embedding the principal components of the watermark into the host image, the latter is dependent on how much the quantity (i.e., scaling factor) of the principal components is embedded. For the existing methods, the scaling factor is a fixed value; actually, it is image-dependent. Different watermarks need the different scaling factors, although they are embedded in the same host image. In this paper, two methods are proposed to improve the reliability and robustness. To improve the reliability, for the first method, the principal components of the watermark are embedded into the host image in discrete cosine transform (DCT); and for the second method, those are embedded into the host image in discrete wavelets transform (DWT). To improve the robustness, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for finding the suitable scaling factors. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed methods outperforms than those of the existing methods.     

基于特征参数归一化的鲁棒语音识别方法综述

目前,自动语音识别系统往往会因为环境中复杂因素的影响,造成训练环境和测试环境存在不匹配现象,使得识别系统性能大幅度下降,极大地限制了语音识别技术的应用范围。近年来,很多鲁棒语音识别技术成功地被提出,这些技术的目标都是相同的,主要是提高系统的鲁棒性,进而提高识别率。其中,基于特征的归一化技术简单而有效,常常被作为鲁棒语音识别的首选方法,它主要是通过对特征向量的统计属性、累积密度函数或功率谱的归一化来补偿环境不匹配产生的影响。该文主要对目前主流的归一化方法进行介绍,其中包括倒谱矩归一化方法、直方图均衡化方法以及调频谱归一化方法等。     

Adaptive controller of a master–slave system for transparent teleoperation

This article presents an adaptive control scheme based on position-force architecture to achieve the stability and transparency for teleoperation in unknown or varying environments. Without any knowledge about the parameters of the slave robot and environment dynamics, the proposed scheme guarantees the robustness to the parameter uncertainties of the master robot as well as the stability of the whole teleoperation system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the transparency and robustness to the parameter uncertainties of the master robot. Experimental results to a master–slave system show the validity of the proposed scheme. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Performance of the IDS Method as a Soft Computing Tool

Performance factors such as robustness, speed, and tractability are important for the realization of practical computing systems. The aim of soft computing is to achieve these factors in practice by tolerating imprecision and uncertainty instead of depending on exact mathematical computations. The ink drop spread (IDS) method is a modeling technique that has been proposed as a new approach to soft computing. This method is characterized by a modeling process that uses image information without including complex formulas. In this study, the performance of the IDS method is investigated in terms of robustness, speed, and tractability, which are typical criteria that determine the importance of soft computing tools. Robustness is evaluated on the basis of noise tolerance and fault tolerance. Tractability is discussed from the viewpoints of interpretability and transparency. Based on comparative evaluations with artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems, this study demonstrates that the IDS method has superior capability to function as a soft computing tool.      

数字水印技术在二维条码证件防伪中的应用

二维条码技术和数字水印技术都是防伪领域中的重要技术和研究热点。本文设计并实现了一整套基于PDF417二维条码的证件管理系统，在此平台基础上提出了对编进二维条码的照片信息采用基于DCT中频的数字水印技术的方法；同时，为了满足水印的鲁棒性，对水印采用了Arnold对称性变换。实验结果表明，该方法得到的水印图像有较好的透明性和鲁棒性，二维条码与数字水印技术的结合能够实现真正意义上的证件防伪。     

A hybrid sufficient performance measure approach to improve robustness and efficiency of reliability-based design optimization

The stable convergence and efficiency of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) using performance measure approach (PMA) are the major issue to develop the reliability methods based on modified chaos control (MCC), hybrid chaos control (HCC) and finite-step length adjustment (FSL). However, these methods may be inefficient for RBDO problems with convex and concave probabilistic constraints. In this paper, an adaptive modified chaos control (AMC) is proposed to provide the robust and efficient results in RBDO. The proposed AMC is adjusted using dynamical chaos control factor, which is extracted using sufficient descent condition for PMA. Using sufficient criterion, the proposed AMC is adaptively combined with advanced mean value (AMV) to improve the performance of PMA, named as hybrid adaptive modified chaos control (HAMC). Considering the robustness and efficiency, the proposed HAMC is compared with several existing reliability methods by three nonlinear structural/mathematical performance functions and two RBDO problems. The results indicate that the proposed HAMC with sufficient descent condition provides superior convergences in terms of both robustness and efficiency, compared to existing PMA methods using AMV, MCC, HCC and FSL.

     

小波域自适应图像水印算法研究

该文提出一种在小波域内自适应于图像内容的数字水印方案，算法利用图像系数的零树结构，自适应地确定被嵌水印序列的长度，并根据小波域的量化噪声自适应地确定水印的嵌入强度，保证了水印序列的能量小于图像可容纳的噪声上限，使水印图像同时具有良好的视觉效果和鲁棒性，在检测端可根据水印图像的统计特性确定水印的检测阈值，不需要参考原图就能判断水印是否存在，对水印图象的攻击实验表明该算法对噪声干扰及常见的图像处理技术具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Audio watermarking based on quantization index modulation using combined perceptual masking

In this paper, a robust audio watermarking scheme for MPEG-1/ Audio Layer II compressed domain is proposed. The scheme is implemented by modifying the subband coefficients using adaptive quantization index modulation. The watermarking procedure exploits perceptual frequency and temporal masking of the human auditory system (HAS) of MPEG coder to satisfy the requirements of robustness, security and transparency. This reduces the computational complexity of proposed scheme. The paper investigates the use of elevated masking threshold to improve detection and achieve higher robustness against re-encoding and awgn attacks. Experimental results show that high capacity of 6,840 bps with ODG ?0.5 without altering the MPEG/audio bitrate.     

一种基于关系和量化的强鲁棒性盲水印算法

盲水印提取时不需要参考原始载体图像,在信息隐藏、版权保护等方面具有更广泛的应用前景。提出的盲水印算法在分块离散余弦变换（DCT）和离散小波变换（DWT）的基础上,利用关系双方DCT系数和DWT系数在受到攻击时具有相同变化趋势的特点,采用关系嵌入和量化嵌入的自适应选择嵌入策略,较大幅度地提高了盲水印提取的鲁棒性。同时在量化嵌入中采用抖动调制,实现了水印透明性和鲁棒性调节的便捷性。大量仿真实验结果表明该算法对噪声干扰、低通滤波、JPEG压缩、对比度增强等攻击有很好的鲁棒性和透明性。     

基于人类视觉系统的小波域彩色图像水印算法

为提高水印的鲁棒性和透明性,提出一种基于小波变换域的水印算法。提取RGB图像的绿色分量并对其进行3层小波变换,将置乱处理过的水印图像嵌入已排好序的小波域水平方向细节子带大值系数中,通过计算所需的JND阈值,调整水印嵌入强度。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的鲁棒性及水印透明性。     

一种基于小波变换的零水印算法

在水印嵌入的时候,已有的大多数数字水印方法都是对原始图像数据信息作一定的运算修改,使得鲁棒性和安全性受到限制。而零水印不需要修改原始图像的任何信息,可以有更好的透明性。本文提出了一种基于图像置乱和小波变换的零水印算法:首先将水印图像进行置乱,然后利用载体图像一级小波分解后的低频子图和置乱后的水印图像得到提取矩阵,再对提取矩阵进行一定的打乱加密。利用提取矩阵来提取水印,增强了水印的透明性、鲁棒性和安全性。     

基于DWT-SVD域的彩色图像自适应水印算法

为了保护数字彩色图像版权,提出了一种结合离散小波变换(DWT)和矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)的彩色图像自适应水印算法。其主要设计思想是:先将原RGB彩色图像的各颜色分量进行小波分解;再将得到的中、低频带的小波系数与原水印图像分别进行奇异值分解,水印信息的奇异值重复嵌入到三通道中、低频带的小波系数奇异值中,且利用临界视觉阈值与奇异值之间的关系对水印嵌入强度作自适应调节,从而达到增强水印鲁棒性和确保水印透明性的目的。本算法适用于二值及灰度水印,在二值水印的提取过程中需设定一个提取阈值,以保证提取水印的完整性。仿真结果说明本算法对水印系统的透明性与鲁棒性作了较好的协调,是一种较稳健的算法。     

An SVD-based image watermarking in wavelet domain using SVR and PSO

The paper presents a novel blind watermarking scheme for image copyright protection, which is developed in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and the support vector regression (SVR). Its embedding algorithm hides a watermark bit in the low–low (LL) subband of a target non-overlap block of the host image by modifying a coefficient of U component on SVD version of the block. A blind watermark-extraction is designed using a trained SVR to estimate original coefficients. Subsequently, the watermark bit can be computed using the watermarked coefficient and its corresponding estimate coefficient. Additionally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is further utilized to optimize the proposed scheme. Experimental results show the proposed scheme possesses significant improvements in both transparency and robustness, and is superior to existing methods under consideration here.     

基于3D-DCT和SVD的鲁棒彩色图像水印算法

在数字图像水印领域,水印算法主要集中于灰度图像,且提出的大部分彩色图像水印算法往往仅在亮度分量或在彩色图像的每一通道中嵌入水印,未能充分利用彩色图像的冗余空间,影响了水印的透明性和鲁棒性。针对此问题,提出了一种新颖的基于三维离散余弦变换和奇异值分解的彩色图像水印算法。算法先对水印图像进行预处理和对彩色图像进行互不重叠的分块;其次对每一分块进行三维离散余弦变换;最后选择对三维离散余弦变换系数的第一分量进行奇异值分解。嵌入水印时,对三维离散余弦变换系数第一分量的最大奇异值和第二分量分别采用量化和关系的嵌入方法嵌入水印。提取水印时,分别采用量化和关系提取算法提取水印并进行比较,选取相似值高的水印图像作为最终提取的水印。实验结果表明,提出的算法具有较好透明性的同时,具有抵抗常规信号处理和模糊、扭曲及锐化等攻击的能力。     

New stability analysis of T–S fuzzy system with robust approach

Based on the robustness criterion, this paper provides a new way to deal with the stability of T–S fuzzy system. A sufficient criterion is proposed to guarantee quadratic stability of the fuzzy model globally. The existence well-known problem of the common P for a set of Lyapunov equations in fuzzy control system design can be avoided here. An illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.