基于特征点密度的DCT域盲检测数字水印算法

针对数字水印图像遭受几何攻击问题,提出了一种融合图像不变特征和频域稳定特性的强鲁棒数字水印盲检测算法。通过构造自适应尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法和Harris角点补位法,利用在不同尺度空间获取的特征点的密度自适应地调整水印信息嵌入到离散余弦变换(DCT)域的强度;将图像子块的特征向量集进行Arnold置乱,生成密钥文件,与隐秘图像的特征向量做双向特征匹配,获得几何失真参数并进行图像恢复性校正,以盲检测的形式提取IDCT反变换域水印信息。从实验结果来看,该算法比使用离散小波变换(DWT)和离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的峰值信噪提高13%,水印相似度提高11%,说明该文算法在获得较好的不可见性的同时,对几何攻击和常规信号处理均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

Region-based hybrid medical image watermarking for secure telemedicine applications

In this paper we propose a novel region based hybrid medical image watermarking (MIW) scheme to ensure authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of medical images. In this scheme a digital medical image is partitioned into region of interest (ROI) and the region of non interest (RONI). To detect and localize ROI tampering with high accuracy pixel wise positional and relational bits are calculated. Positional bit is calculated with respect to MSBs, row and column of the pixel. Relational bit shows the relation between MSBs. Two original LSBs of each ROI pixel are replace by their corresponding positional and relational bits. Original LSBs of ROI pixels are concatenated and embedded in RONI for ROI recovery in the case of tampering. Multiple watermarks i.e. electronic patient record (EPR), hospitals logo and LSBs of ROI are embedded simultaneously as a robust watermark in RONI using IWT-SVD hybrid transform. The proposed scheme is blind and free from false positive detection. Various experiments have been carried out on different medical imaging modalities to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, tamper detection, localization, recovery and computation time. ROI tampering is detected and recovered with high accuracy. Thus, the proposed scheme is effective in telemedicine applications.

     

一种基于关系和量化的强鲁棒性盲水印算法

盲水印提取时不需要参考原始载体图像,在信息隐藏、版权保护等方面具有更广泛的应用前景。提出的盲水印算法在分块离散余弦变换（DCT）和离散小波变换（DWT）的基础上,利用关系双方DCT系数和DWT系数在受到攻击时具有相同变化趋势的特点,采用关系嵌入和量化嵌入的自适应选择嵌入策略,较大幅度地提高了盲水印提取的鲁棒性。同时在量化嵌入中采用抖动调制,实现了水印透明性和鲁棒性调节的便捷性。大量仿真实验结果表明该算法对噪声干扰、低通滤波、JPEG压缩、对比度增强等攻击有很好的鲁棒性和透明性。     

一种改进的DWT-SVD域参考水印方案

针对一类SVD域图像水印方案存在过高虚警概率的问题,提出了一种改进的混合DWT和SVD的图像参考水印算法。算法先对载体图像进行[n]层的离散小波变换,然后随机选取第[n]层的部分或全部子带形成参考子带,并对参考子带进行SVD分解;将Arnold置乱处理后的水印嵌入到SVD分解后的奇异值矩阵中。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的透明性和安全性;与其他方案相比,解决了虚警概率问题,且对于大部分的攻击,具有更好的鲁棒性能。     

基于Logistic混沌映射和IWT-SVD量化的盲鲁棒水印算法

为了提高数字水印的鲁棒性以及水印嵌入位置的保密性,提出了一种基于Logistic混沌映射和整数小流变换—奇异值分解(IWT-SVD)量化的盲鲁棒水印算法:对二值水印图像进行Arnold置乱,对原始载体图像进行8×8分块,利用生成的Logistic混沌序列选择嵌入水印的图像块,充分保证了水印嵌入位置的保密性;对选中的图像块进行二级IWT分解,对得到的二级低频子带系数进行SVD;将置乱后的水印信息嵌入.算法不需要原始载体图像,实现了水印的盲提取,更具实用性.仿真实验结果表明:算法对常规图像处理操作、压缩攻击和剪切攻击均具有较强的稳健性.     

Blind audio watermarking algorithm based on DCT,linear regression and standard deviation

This paper proposes a blind audio watermarking algorithm to embed data and extract them by changing the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. The key idea is to divide the selected frequency band of DCT into short frames and change the samples of each frame based on the watermark bits that are embedded in. The proposed idea uses linear regression and standard deviation to extract watermark bits. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity about 3000 bps data payload, without significant perceptual distortion. Moreover, this idea provides robustness against common signal processing attacks such as Additive White Gaussian Noise, Resampling, Re-quantizing and Echo.     

Fractal and neural networks based watermark identification

Transform techniques generally are more robust than spatial techniques for watermark embedding. In this paper, a color image watermarking algorithm based on fractal and neural networks in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain is proposed. We apply fractal image coding technique to obtain the characteristic data of a gray-level image watermark signal and encrypt the characteristic data by a symmetric encryption before they are embedded. We then use neural networks and Human Visual System (HVS) to embed the watermark in the DCT domain. A Just Noticeable Difference (JND) threshold controller is designed to ensure the strength of the embedded data adapting to the host image itself entirely. Aiming at misjudging problem of the extracting process, maximum membership principle criterion is selected for identifying the watermark. And the CIELab color space is chosen to guarantee the stability of the results. The simulation results show that the algorithm is robust for common digital image processing methods as attacks and that the quality of the image is retained.     

结合DCT与分形编码的自适应水印算法

提出并实现了一种结合DCT与分形编码的自适应水印算法.将宿主图像分成大小相同的不重叠方块,利用分形编码的拼贴误差对图像块进行分类,并构造原始宿主图像的二值特征标图,采用Arnold变换置乱二值特征标图和二值版权图标,再进行异或(XOR)运算得到隐秘水印.最后通过在子块DCT域中所选的三个中频系数的比较来完成隐秘水印的嵌入.实验表明,按该方法嵌入的水印具有良好的不可见性,也能较好抵抗高斯滤波、JPEG压缩、叠加噪声等处理.     

基于SIFT的椭圆区域鲁棒数字水印方案

如何有效抵抗去同步攻击是数字图像水印研究领域的热点问题之一。利用图像仿射协变特征,提出一种可有效抵抗去同步攻击的鲁棒水印算法。对目前流行的利用多尺度Harris和SIFT描述算子来匹配图像的方法,后者有较好的匹配效果,对恢复同步水印更加稳定,并且能较好抵抗去同步攻击。该算法利用性能稳定的SIFT算子提取图像特征点,并通过基于最小生成树聚类算法的选择策略获得一组稳定且彼此独立的椭圆仿射协变特征区域,基于特征区域,利用椭圆归一化得到具有缩放和旋转不变性的圆形区域。将圆形区域进行非下采样轮廓变换（NSCT）,其中非下采样轮廓变换不仅克服了小波（Wavelet）变换的非奇异性最优基缺点,而且提供了优于轮廓（Contourlet）变换的平移不变性。将水印嵌入变换后的低频子带中。该算法实现盲提取,仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法是有效的且对常规图像处理、几何攻击以及组合攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Robust and blind watermarking scheme for three dimensional anaglyph images

In this paper, a robust and blind watermarking scheme for three dimensional (3-D) anaglyph images is proposed. Since the computational cost of Red–Green–Blue (RGB) processing is quite high, we have used 3-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (3-D DWT) to decompose the image and process it directly. The watermark to be embedded is computed from the image and also the process involves watermark strength factor which scales the quality of the watermark. Jacket matrix is used due to its simplicity in the watermark embedding and extraction processes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is highly imperceptible and robust against various image processing and signal processing attacks. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.     

Tetrolet变换和SVD结合的盲检测稳健数字水印嵌入策略

提出了一种Tetrolet变换和奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的图像盲检测稳健数字水印算法。该算法先对二值水印图像进行双因子混沌加密预处理;对原始载体图像进行二级Tetrolet变换,并将二层低频子带系数进行分块SVD分解;最后将加密的水印信息量化嵌入SVD最大系数中。水印检测时,无需原始载体图像和原始水印图像的参与,实现水印信息盲提取,提高数字水印系统的实用性。仿真实验结果表明,在保证水印安全性和不可感知性的基础上,该算法对常规图像处理、几何攻击等均具有较好的稳健性。     

A novel DCT domain CRT-based watermarking scheme for image authentication surviving JPEG compression

Digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for copyright protection and authentication of multimedia data. In this paper, we propose a novel Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT)-based technique for digital watermarking in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain that is robust to several common attacks. We compared the performance of the proposed technique with recently proposed Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based and spatial CRT-based watermarking schemes. Experimental results have shown that the proposed technique successfully makes the watermark perceptually invisible and has better robustness to common image manipulation techniques such as JPEG compression, brightening and sharpening effects compared to the spatial domain-based CRT scheme. The proposed scheme is able to achieve a Tamper Assessment Function (TAF) value of less than 10% when the watermarked image undergoes JPEG compression between a range of 50 to 70%, where as, the spatial CRT-based scheme produce TAF value of more than 35% and the SVD-based scheme produces TAF value between 10 to 40% depending on the host image, for the same range of compression. When the watermark capacity is doubled, the proposed technique is still able to maintain imperceptibility and low TAF values, for most of the attacks.     

基于小波变换和人类视觉系统的盲数字水印算法

随着因特网的发展,数字水印技术被广泛应用于数字图像、音频、视频等多媒体产品的版权保护。按照水印检测的方式可把数字水印分为盲水印和明文水印。文中提出了一种基于小波变换和人类视觉系统的盲数字水印算法,首先将水印图像利用Arnold混沌映射进行置乱,对宿主图像进行小波分解,然后通过改变两个小波子带相应系数的大小关系来嵌入水印信息。其中对相应小波系数修改权值的设置,利用了基于小波域的人眼视觉系统的特点。提取水印不需要原始图像。实验表明该算法在抵抗JPEG压缩、剪切和盐椒噪声等攻击有比较好的鲁棒性。     

一种双重变换域图像半脆弱水印算法

提出了一种DCT域和DWT域相结合的双重变换域半脆弱图像数字水印算法。充分利用了DWT变换提取图像特征方面的优势和DCT变换与JPEG压缩过程结合紧密的特点,使用自行设计的篡改估计函数,有效地实现了篡改检测和篡改定位,而且检测时不需要原始图像。使用密钥控制生成的混沌序列对水印进行加密处理,保证了系统的安全性。实验结果表明,该算法对于JPEG压缩等常规图像处理具有较强的鲁棒性,对于恶意篡改具有高度的敏感性,并且能够准确定位篡改发生的位置。     

A robust image watermarking scheme in DCT domain based on adaptive texture direction quantization

This paper proposes a novel robust image watermarking scheme in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain for active forensics. We investigate the relation between the positions and the modification magnitudes of DCT coefficients and directions of texture blocks. By exploring such relation, a direction-coefficient mapping is designed. First, the texture direction of each image block is estimated by Gabor filter. And then, according to the direction-coefficient mapping, one watermark bit is embedded into each block along its texture direction. Compared with existing schemes, the proposed method utilizes the direction features of texture blocks better . Therefore, the improvements in watermarked image quality and the robustness of watermark signal against image processing attacks are both achieved.

     

基于超混沌和DCT理论的数字图像水印算法

基于超混沌和离散余弦变换(DCT)理论,结合Arnold置乱方法,提出了新型的数字图像水印算法.采用双重加密策略,利用Arnold方法减弱水印图像像素之问的相关性,并采取srossler系统生成超混沌密钥序列,进行二次加密.大大增强了水印的安全性.同时,根据人类视觉系统(HVS)的特点,对原始图像进行分块处理,将加密后的水印分别以不同的强度嵌入并提取,给出了改进的嵌入提取方案.实验结果表明,提高了水印图像的不可见性和鲁棒性,具有极强的抗攻击性.     

基于四元数的双彩色图像盲水印算法

提出一种基于四元数的双彩色图像盲水印算法。对载体图像和水印图像分别进行离散四元数傅里叶变换后,对水印图像频域的低频、中频和高频系数做混沌置乱处理,并利用脉冲编码调制方法,在载体图像的低频、中频和高频嵌入置乱后水印的相应频带系数,通过逆离散四元数傅里叶变换得到嵌入水印的图像。实验结果表明,该算法保证水印具有较高的透明性,对剪切、叠加噪声、JPEG压缩等常见的攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Color image ownership protection based on spectral domain watermarking using QR codes and QIM

Some watermarking authentication methods based on spectral domain using QR codes and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) are proposed for ownership protection in color images. The QR code is created with the owners’ information and used as binary watermark sequence, which is permuted using Arnold Permutation to increase the security before embedding it. Once the watermark sequence is generated, the original color image is transformed from RGB to YCbCr color space where the Luminance Channel (Y) is processed by the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to embed the binary watermark sequence using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于IWT和HVS的彩色图像盲水印算法

针对目前大多数图像水印技术是关于灰度图像并且基于离散小波变换的研究,提出了一种基于整型小波变换（Integer Wavelet Transform,IWT）将彩色数字水印嵌入到彩色宿主图像中的算法。采用YCbCr色彩空间的Y分量嵌入水印,利用人类视觉系统特性（Human Visual System,HVS）实现彩色水印嵌入位置的自适应确定;彩色水印的提取不需要原始水印和原始宿主图像。实验证明,嵌入水印后的图像具有很好的不易觉察性,并且对常见的图像处理操作具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种DCT域的最优均值量化盲图像水印算法

针对常规的图像水印算法不能很好地实现水印不可感知性和鲁棒性折中的问题,给出了一种最优均值量化盲水印算法.该算法首先对水印图像进行Arnold置乱,提高了水印的安全性;然后将载体图像进行8×8分块DCT(离散余弦变换),并根据均值量化原理将置乱后的水印嵌入到局部量化噪声值最小的图像子块中,提高了水印的不可感知性;最后水印提取时可以实现盲提取.实验结果表明,该算法对加噪、剪切、JPEG压缩、滤波等多种攻击都具有很强的鲁棒性.