振荡波电压下10kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头的局部放电特性

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆局部放电的振荡波电压检测方法是一种无损检测方法,目前已得到初步应用。为了研究振荡波电压下电缆典型缺陷的局部放电特性,制作了4种10 k V交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头人工缺陷模型,对4种缺陷模型分别施加振荡波电压和工频电压,对比研究了振荡波电压和工频电压下的局部放电特性。研究结果表明:相较于工频电压,振荡波电压下局部放电的脉冲信号上升沿更陡峭,过峰值后衰减更快,在2~3个周期内衰减到0,脉冲持续时间短约3~30μs;同一种缺陷的局部放电3维统计图谱在振荡波电压与工频电压下基本一致,不同缺陷的局部放电3维统计图谱区别明显,为进一步研究振荡波电压作用下交联聚乙烯电缆局部放电的模式识别奠定了基础。     

基于LSTM算法的高压交联电缆线路振荡波局部放电检测方法

高压交联电缆线路承担的高电压、大容量电力输送任务存在复杂性。针对线路振荡波局部放电检测准确度较差,难以进行缺陷定位的问题,提出基于长短期记忆（LSTM）网络算法的高压交联电缆线路振荡波局部放电检测方法。应用振荡波电压法搭建高压交联电缆线路振荡波局部放电检测框架。基于小波包分解算法,提取典型局部放电信号特征,通过LSTM网络算法识别与检测振荡波局部放电信号,消除局部放电信号中的噪声。根据原始振荡波与反射振荡波到达测试端的时间差,结合振荡波传播速度,确定高压交联电缆线路缺陷位置,实现电缆线路振荡波的局部放电检测。试验结果表明,所提方法的局部放电信号识别准确度更高,电缆线路缺陷定位更精准,实际应用性能较佳。     

振荡波电压下XLPE电缆局部放电模式识别研究

振荡波电压法因其无损检测特性被广泛应用于局部放电检测中,而目前缺乏对振荡波电压下电缆故障类型的模式识别研究。为此,笔者根据常见的电缆缺陷类型,制作了4种10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头人工缺陷模型,对4种缺陷模型施加振荡波电压并测量局部放电信号;提出以局部放电信号正负半波统计算子作为模式识别的输入特征量,采用支持向量机分类器对4种典型电缆缺陷进行模式识别;并将识别结果与采用人工神经网络的模式识别结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明:以局部放电信号正负半波统计算子作为特征量能很好地反映电缆局部放电信息;基于支持向量机的模式识别方法能有效识别出振荡波电压下各种缺陷局部放电模式,比传统的人工神经网络模式识别方法识别率更高、运行速度更快,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

振荡电压波作用下电缆局部放电的仿真分析

振荡电压波可以使电缆缺陷部位产生局部放电,可以用来进行电缆局部放电的定位。本文介绍了振荡波电压法在交联聚乙烯电缆局部放电定位中的应用原理,建立了电缆在正常情况下和存在局部缺陷下的二维有限元数学模型,利用有限元分析软件在振荡波电压作用下对电缆进行了电场仿真。仿真结果表明在振荡波电压作用下电缆缺陷部位电场畸变,超过气隙的击穿场强而产生局部放电。该结果为研究和设计振荡电压波系统提供了理论依据。     

阻尼振荡波下检测XLPE电缆局部放电和耐压与工频的等效性综述

近年来中低压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆的现场局部放电检测技术在国际上得到了快速发展。其中阻尼振荡波下测量电缆的局部放电在中国的电力运行部门得到广泛应用。笔者简述了该方法的测试原理与优缺点,综述了对不同频率振荡波的耐压与局部放电的测试效果及振荡波电压与工频电压下的耐压和局部放电测试结果的等效性以及其对电缆损害的可能性。     

振荡波电压法检测交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头新缺陷的试验与仿真

振荡波电压法主要是利用电缆等值电容与电感线圈的串联谐振原理。振荡电压的多次极性变换可在电缆缺陷处激发出局部放电信号,通过高频耦合器测量该信号可达到检测目的。采用振荡波电压法对一条退运电缆且中间接头分别存在压接管表面误用绝缘胶带、主绝缘表面存在水膜时的情况进行了研究。结果表明振荡波电压法对压接管表面误用绝缘胶带缺陷的检出效果比较明显,对其它一些缺陷检出效果不明显,基于有限元分析方法的电场仿真结果也验证了这一点。因此振荡波电压法可否作为10kV交联聚乙烯电缆入网试验的一种替代方法有待进一步研究。     

0.1 Hz超低频与振荡波电压下热缩和冷缩电缆附件典型缺陷局部放电对比研究

通过建立热缩和冷缩电缆附件典型缺陷模型,在0.1 Hz超低频和振荡波电压下进行局部放电试验,测量并对比两种电压下电缆典型缺陷的局部放电起始电压（PDIV）、局部放电量以及局部放电次数等参量的差异,并对这些差异的形成机制进行分析。结果表明：对于所测量的大多数缺陷,振荡波电压下的PDIV更小,局部放电量更大,局部放电脉冲数更多。缺陷位置电压分布机制和电压恢复速率的不同是导致上述差异的主要原因。     

阻尼振荡波电压下110kV交联电缆绝缘性能检测

目前,在高压交联电缆线路现场试验和状态检测中,阻尼振荡波(DAC)电压下绝缘性能检测的研究与应用在国内仍处于空白,相关经验和数据完全缺失。基于此,开展了DAC电压产生的机理及特性、DAC电压下电缆局部放电检测、放电源定位和介质损耗测量原理研究,介绍了典型高压交联电缆DAC测试系统(OWTS)的功能与组成,并首次在国内尝试DAC电压下现场测试、诊断2条110kV交联电缆线路的绝缘健康状况。研究分析和现场实测证明,用DAC电压代替工频正弦波电压作为试验电压,结合耐压试验、局放检测与定位、介质损耗测量多种绝缘性能检测方法,可有效覆盖线路全长范围内电缆本体及附件,较好地弥补了现有高压交联电缆绝缘性能检测手段存在的局限和不足。     

10 kV交联聚乙烯电缆振荡波局部放电检测技术等效性研究

为了探究振荡波局部放电检测方法的有效性和等效性问题,在实验室设计了针板放电模型、沿面放电模型、气隙放电模型、悬浮放电模型4种模型,并分别进行了振荡波电压下和工频交流电压下的局部放电试验,最后对河北沧州10 kV狮场Ⅰ线、Ⅱ线2条电缆线路进行了振荡波局部放电的现场检测试验。试验结果表明,振荡波局部放电检测技术有良好的局部放电检测能力,与工频下局部放电检测有良好的等效性,可用于替代电力电缆的工频局放试验。     

电力电缆局放信号传播特性分析及仿真研究

搭建了局放信号在电力电缆中传播的MATLAB/Simulink模型,应用振荡波局放检测法对预置故障电缆进行了局放测量试验和相应的仿真计算,同时使用不同的电缆参数进行了局放信号在电缆中传播过程的仿真。结果表明,局放脉冲信号幅值的衰减和波形的畸变程度受电缆长度和电缆一次分布参数的显著影响。局放传播特性的仿真研究,对振荡波局放检测系统局放检测程序的优化有一定参考价值,同时给振荡波局放检测法应用过程中局放反射波的确定提供了一个辅助鉴定的方法。     

Impulse breakdown superposed on ac voltage in XLPE cable insulation

This paper discusses tree inception and breakdown voltage characteristics of XLPE cable insulation subjected to impulse voltages superimposed on ac voltage. The tree initiation tests were performed on laboratory-molded specimens equipped with needle electrodes, whereas the breakdown tests were conducted on a full-sized cable. The impulse tree initiation stress was found to be dependent on the magnitude of the pre-applied ac stress and the relative polarities of the impulse and the ac peak at the instant of their superposition. Although the impulse polarity has an effect on the tree inception, the general behavior is that the tree inception stress always decreases with an increase of the pre-applied ac stress. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the space charge effect and the influence of the impulse voltage application itself. The impulse strength of a full-sized cable insulation was found to be independent of the pre-applied ac stress as long as that stress did not exceed the operating stress of a 500 kV cable insulation. However, subjecting cable insulation to higher ac stresses before impulse application caused a reduction of its breakdown strength as compared with the insulation without ac prestressing     

Comparative laboratory evaluation of TR-XLPE and XLPE cables with Super-smooth conductor shields

This paper provides data on four commercial tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) and one cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated 15 kV cables supplied by three manufacturers. The cables have "super-smooth" conductor shields and "extra-clean" insulation and insulation shields. AC and impulse voltage breakdown and selected other characterization data are presented for cables that were aged immersed in room temperature water (15-30/spl deg/C) up to 24 months of a planned 48 months aging program. The five cables have high ac voltage breakdown strength, three of the TR-XLPE cables, actually increased in breakdown strength during aging. The one TR-XLPE cable that had the lowest ac voltage breakdown had vented trees at the insulation shield and high dissipation factor, which the other cables did not have. The impulse voltage breakdown strength of all cables decreased during aging; the cable with the lowest ac voltage breakdown also has the lowest impulse voltage breakdown. The dissimilar performance of the TR-XLPE cables and the excellent performance of the XLPE cable indicates evaluations at longer times are required to differentiate between modern TR-XLPE and XLPE insulated cables.     

A study of treeing phenomena in the development of insulation for500 kV XLPE cables

This review summarizes research on treeing phenomena, i.e. the formation of electrical trees and water trees, that has been undertaken in Japan for the development of 500 kV XLPE cable. Section 1 presents the results of factors affecting XLPE cable insulation breakdown under commercial ac and lightning impulse voltages. Section 2 verifies the phenomena of electrical tree formation in XLPE cable insulation using block samples and model cables, and gives the results of studies to determine the level electrical field stress initiation for such trees. Section 3 summarizes the results of studies on long-term aging characteristics, which is a particular problem under commercial ac voltages, while Section 4 explains how this research influenced the design of 500 kV XLPE cable insulation. All authors were members of `The investigation committee of fundamental process of treeing degradation' under IEEJ     

XLPE电缆交流工况下雷电冲击作用的起始放电特性实验研究

应用针—板电极系统模拟高压交联聚乙烯（以下简称ＸＬＰＥ）电缆绝缘中的杂质和半导体层中的凸起物等因素引起的电场不均匀现象,通过实验探讨了在交流电压和冲击电压共同作用下ＸＬＰＥ电缆电树枝老化时起始放电电压特性。     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables

A 500-kV XLPE insulated cable with an insulation thickness of 27 mm has been developed for long-distance transmission lines. Basic studies on the 500-kV XLPE cable have shown that contaminants in the insulation may determine electrical performance. This hypothesis is justified by the good correlation obtained between statistical estimations of the size of the largest contaminant in the insulation and electrical characteristics of full-size cables. Voltage-withstand and long-term tests have confirmed design values for minimum breakdown stress, ac and impulse voltage, and degradation coefficients. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 28–40, 1997     

冲击电压下SF6气体绝缘中局部放电及其检测技术研究现状及展望

阐述了开展冲击电压下SF6气体绝缘中局部放电及其检测技术研究的意义,以及冲击电压下局部放电的研究手段和设备现状,包括振荡冲击电压发生器、典型绝缘缺陷模型和冲击电压下局部放电的检测方法等方面。介绍了现阶段冲击电压下SF6气体绝缘中局部放电的研究仍处于实验室阶段,重点仍在于冲击电压下典型绝缘缺陷模型（针板电极和绝缘气泡）局部放电的发展机理和特征,在实际生产中应用仍需要进一步研究;最后提出了该项研究目前存在的问题及以后的研究方向。     

二次施压对XLPE电缆电树枝生长特性的影响

为了研究二次施压下XLPE电缆中电树枝的生长特性,采用短电缆金属针缺陷试验装置,研究XLPE电缆在12 kV作用下生长的电树枝受二次施压(15 kV)作用后新树枝的生长特性。研究结果发现,受二次施压电压和升压速度的影响,XLPE电缆绝缘层中会出现一种奇特的"丛-枝"状电树枝,且二次施压下,生长出的新树枝具有引发时间短、生长速度快、放电通道窄等特点。结果表明,二次施压对XLPE电缆中电树枝的二次引发和生长有较大影响,是加速电缆老化和击穿的重要因素。     

XLPE电缆工频耐压试验探讨

试验研究了工频耐压诊断机械损伤类绝缘缺陷效果,评估损伤程度和受潮时间的影响。试验结果表明绝缘未受潮时,工频耐压试验不能检测出机械类甚至是很深的机械类绝缘缺陷。     

XLPE电缆电树枝二次生长特性分析(英文)

In order to study the growth characteristics of electrical trees in XLPE cable under secondary applied voltage, a short cable metal needle defect test device is adopted to study the growth characteristics of the new trees after the electrical trees in XLPE cable under the action of the voltage of 12 kV are influenced by secondary applied voltage (15 kV). The research results show that influenced by secondary applied voltage and voltage increase rate, there will be a peculiar "bush-branch" electrical tree in XLPE cable insulation layer and the new trees under secondary applied voltage have the characteristics of short initiation time, fast growth rate and narrow discharge channel, etc, which shows that secondary applied voltage has a great effect on the secondary initiation and growth of electrical trees in XLPE cable and it is an important factor of accelerating cable aging and breakdown.     

场强的提高对局部放电测试的影响

局部放电 (PD)是检测 XL PE电缆缺陷的一种重要手段 ,缺陷会造成电缆的局部场强的不均匀 ,在施加外部电压后引起局部放电的现象。本文提出 :在 XL PE电缆承受耐压的过程中 ,采用提高场强的方法 ,能更有效地发现 PD缺陷 ,从而降低 XL PE电缆在运行中的击穿事故。