River Water Quality Model Based on Remote Sensing Information Methods——A Case Study of Lijing River in Guilin City

1 Introduction Mathematical methods are used in river water quality models to describe laws of dilution, diffusion and self-purification of contaminants after they enter rivers. These kind of models have already been well developed in both theoretical and applied research since the BOD-DO model was developed by Streeter and Phelps. Especially after the 1970’s, a number of comprehensive models have been created, which contain many variables and describe in detail the transportation and tran…     

漓江桂林市区段水环境自净容量地理信息模型探讨

在较复杂的河流上建立水环境容量模型，用数理方程的方法是不考虑地理的复杂性，用数理统计的方法是不分析成因的，地理信息模型是地理复杂方程，又是地理现象必然性与偶然性相结合的模型．通过分析水环境容量的组成及机理，研究了复杂的岩溶山区河流——漓江在桂林市区段的水环境自净容量，探讨了地理信息建模方法在水环境自净容量计算方面的实例应用，建立了漓江桂林市区段水环境自净容量的地理信息模型，并对其进行了验证．结果表明：地理信息模型方法在计算较复杂河段水环境自净容量时，即是一种较简便的计算方法，又能取得较理想的计算结果．     

淮河流域河南平原区河流与地下水的相互影响

利用"河南平原地区地下水污染调查评价(淮河流域)"项目中完成的749个点的地表水水文调查资料,结合河流断面监测资料分析了研究区地表水与地下水的补排关系;通过分析地表水与地下水水质、河流-地下水监测断面的水质特征,阐述了地表水与地下水水质的相互影响以及有机组分相互影响与无机组分相互影响的差异。研究结果表明:淮河流域河南平原区地下水对排泄型河流(段)水质影响有限,人为排污、降水及上游河水水质是影响其水质的决定因素;河流对地下水水质的影响与补排关系、地层岩性及结构关系密切;一些严重污染的补排交替型河流两岸分布有较宽的地下水严重污染带;河水中的有机物对地下水影响有限。     

河流水质模糊风险评价模型研究

基于水环境系统的随机性、模糊性，以及数据信息的不足和不精确性，将河流水体支撑能力和污染负荷水平表示为三角模糊数，构建了度量河流水质风险的模糊评价模型。在定义三角模糊参数的基础上，通过将一维稳态水质模型参数模糊化，建立了模糊水质模拟模型。根据水质模拟结果，运用模糊风险评价模型对控制断面水质状况进行风险分析。实例研究表明，所建模型对于河流水质模拟与风险评价具有很好的适用性。     

Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982–1998, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0–1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982 to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km³, the evapotranspiration of 3000–3500 km³, and the soil moisture transformation of −500–500 km³. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

     

Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

Soilmoistureistheprincipalformofwaterexistenceandalsothekeylinkofwatertransformationintheecologicalenvironment.Itisanessentialissueinthestudyonre-gionalwatercycletounderstanditslawduringwatertransformationandtosimulateitsdynamicmechanism.Nowadays,therearemanyresearchmethodsonsoilmoisture[1],suchas:applyingempiricalformulasandmathematicalstatisticsfrommeteorologicalandtopographicalfactorstocalculatesoilmoisture(includingenergybalance,aerody-namics,energybalance-aerodynamics,eddycorrelation);bas…     

二维随机水质预测模型及其应用

在分析香溪河流域污染特点的基础上 ,建立了一个二维随机水质数学模型 ,该水质模型把一维水质随机降解模型和二维迁移扩散模型相结合 ,同时考虑了各水质参数K1,K2 ,K3 和河道横向扩散系数Dy 的随机性影响 ,该模型适用于较复杂水力条件和排污范围大的水体 ,对于平面二维的任一个计算点 ,它都能给出该点水质浓度随机变化的概率分布 ,用该模型对三峡建库后的香溪河库湾水质进行预测 ,其成果可为三峡库区水环境保护及规划治理提供设计数据     

连云港海岸带生态环境遥感分析与评价

探讨了基于遥感技术的连云港海岸带生态环境质量及其动态变化的评价。采用TM,SPOT多光谱扫描仪图像波段,通过各类遥感数据图像处理分析,直接从遥感图像信息中提取水质信息、植物绿色素信息和海岸带污染信息动态变化因子,在试验采样值的对比下,测量海岸带生态环境时空分布动态变化。评价了连云港海岸带环境,提出了水体污染主要来源是灌河河流入海排污、植被总面积增加的时空变化信息。     

三峡流域一体化水污染应急管理系统开发及应用

以三峡库区流域为对象,利用ArcGIS Engine组件库,以VB为程序开发语言,以DLL动态连接库的形式构建了水力/水质模型库,以Geodatabase为数据库,开发了一体化的水污染综合管理信息系统,为三峡库区突发性水污染事故的应急管理提供了一种信息化的技术手段。该系统同时集成了多种数学模型,并实现了不同模型之间的无缝衔接,不仅具备了污染源动态管理、水体水质查询及评价、流速场和浓度场模拟等功能,而且具备了流域内突发性污染事故的应急管理功能。通过针对翻船事故污染的应急管理应用,表明该系统能快速模拟出事故污染带的迁移转化过程,自动统计出各种污染事故所产生污染带在不同时间的影响范围和污染程度,为突发性污染事故的应急措施提供决策支持。     

西小江（杭州段）水域保护现状分析及对策

西小江（杭州段）是浙江萧山蜀山平原的一条重要河道,兼具防洪排涝、灌溉引水、美化环境、渔业养殖、航运、发电、供水等功能,对当地经济社会的发展有着不可替代的作用.通过对西小江水域的水资源利用、水功能区水质、行洪排涝、水域岸线保护利用,以及水域保护管理现状进行评价分析,认为西小江水域保护的总体状况较不理想,为此提出了水资源优化配置、水质保护改善、排涝设施升级改造、水域功能优化调整、水域管理信息化的建议.     

涡阳县城区典型河流水质多评价方法对比分析

对河流水质进行监测与评价,并对监测结果进行形成性分析,对于强化水污染的防治、提升水环境质量具有重要意义。为此,对涡阳县城区三条典型河流（育英河、德正河、南环河）进行监测,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数分析法以及黑臭水体评价法进行水质评价。单因子评价结果表明,三条河水质均为劣Ⅴ类;综合污染指数法结果显示,三条河整体上水质级别均为轻度污染,德正河的水质较好于南环河和育英河。对三条河水体的黑臭状况进行评价和分析,发现三条河水体均属轻度黑臭并且有向重度黑臭转化的趋势。结合三种水质评价方法的结果,进行系统性的水质形成性分析,并针对性提出了水环境管控和提升建议。     

祁连县三河源头区生态环境问题及其发展思路

为了研究三河源头区的生态环境状况及其发展思路,通过对祁连县地区的黑河、大通河、托勒河三河源头区的生态环境状况的分析,总结了在生态建设方面的一些好的作法和存在的问题,为今后在同类地区实施生态建设工程提供了借鉴.     

基于RFA-LinkNet模型的高分遥感影像水体提取

针对现阶段卷积神经网络模型在复杂地物背景下水体提取精度低、多尺度特征捕获能力差、模型复杂的问题,基于LinkNet模型提出一种结合RFB模块和通道注意力机制的RFA-LinkNet高分辨率光学遥感影像水体提取模型.首先,将RFB模块用于获取高阶水体语义信息与多尺度特征;其次,利用通道注意力机制,对特征编码和解码的特征进行加权融合,抑制背景特征,增强水体语义.与现有卷积神经网络模型相比,提出方法不仅具有高效的性能和鲁棒性,而且能实现高精度的水体提取.     

嘉陵江水污染预警与控制系统研究初探

嘉陵江水污染预警与控制系统采用GIS、数据挖掘技术以及面向对象的程序设计理论,利用嘉陵江流域水质自动监测站得到的水质指标的监测数据,构建相应的数据仓库,在对历史数据进行分析的基础上,建立适用于嘉陵江流域的水质模型,对其污染情况进行实时预测与监控,从而为环境管理者做出正确的决策提供信息支持。     

Study on thermal infrared remote sensing of Yarlung Zangbo River and Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The area change of heat abnormity is not in accordance with conclusions of former thermal infrared remote sensing studies of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which were that the temperature of Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt of the southern Plateau is high and the northern temperature is low. The study result in this paper shows that the highest temperature is found in the Bangong Co-Nujiang River suture belt, the Yarlung Zangbo River suture belt temperature is the second highest, and the northern Tibet temperature is the lowest. The study demonstration area was the suture belt areas of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Bangong Co-Nujiang River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the land temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the bore temperature of field land surface were measured and the emissivity of land surface was calculated. In addition, the authors explore the mechanism of the relationship between thermal infrared remote sensing and constructing thermodynamics and reach four new conclusions about the thermodynamics of the Tibet Plateau.     

周口市主要河流水体总含磷量的调查与评价

通过测定周口市6条主要河流(沙河,颍河,贾鲁河,谷河,新蔡河,涡河)上关键断面的磷含量,对该地区水中总磷含量进行了系统分析,并对水质状况做出相应评价。在此基础上,提出了改善水质的相应措施。     

郑州黄河生态供水可持续发展研究

通过引用黄河水为郑州市区河流补充水量,将会大大改善郑州市区的生态环境,不但能给广大市民提供一个良好的工作和生活环境,而且将提高城市品位,带来无限商机,促进郑州经济、社会可持续发展.     

武都—文县地区遥感影像线性构造解译

在系统研究遥感信息在地学应用发展概况基础上,总结和分析了在遥感影像上提取线性构造的原理和方 法,重点研究线性构造在遥感影像上的表现特征,结合遥感影像数字处理特点来研究各种线性构造影像增强的 算法,并通过解译武都—文县地区断裂的具体位置和活动性质,进一步对各算法进行验证,为遥感信息在地学应 用方面的研究作了一定的铺垫。     

Using Landsat TM Imagery to Detect Desertification in Gonghe Basin at the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River

In recent years, the ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River has been degraded due to natural and human factors. Environmental problems such as grassland degeneration, sandy desertification and water erosion have seriously affected regional economic sustainable development. The objective of this paper was to detect sandy desertification in the upper reaches of the Yellow River by means of remote sensing and GIS. The Gonghe Basin was chosen as the study site, which is one of the most seriously degraded regions in the area. Based on an analysis of the multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat TM data with GIS, sandy desertification processes were detected. The results show that sandy desertified land has increased and intensified seriously in the upper reaches of the Yellow River for the period from 1987 to 1996. There are two desertification processes at work in the study area： sand dune reactivation and development of badlands through wind erosion. Excessive human activities play an important role in the occurrence and development of desertification in this area. At present, acceleration of the desertification process is attributed to irrational human economic activities. Grasslands as well as the ecological environment of this area have been seriously degraded, which has affected the regional economic sustainable development and endangered the security of the Longyangxia reservoir. It is necessary and urgent to combat desertification and protect the environment. The results show that full use of remote sensing data with GIS in monitoring and assessing desertification is an effective measure of quantitative research.     

淮河流域闸坝联合调度对河流水质影响分析

以淮河流域SWAT水文模型和相邻闸坝间的水量水质模型为基础,以淮河流域污染最严重的支流沙颍河为例,研究分析了沙颍河闸坝开启污水下泄对淮河干流下游水质的影响.针对污水下泄对淮河干流水质造成的污染,设计了沙颍河源头水库开闸放水和淮河流域王蚌区间南部山区水库开闸放水不同的情景.结果表明:现状年沙颍河闸坝开启,沙颍河阜阳闸水质浓度将削减61%,但淮河干流下游蚌埠闸水质浓度将提高近30%.为减轻污水团下泄引起的污染,应加强沙颍河闸坝与源头水库、南部山区水库群的联合调度.