船用倒顺离合硬矮齿形双圆弧齿轮箱的设计、应用与研究

目前几乎所有船舶的主推进齿箱中都采用渐开线齿轮。随着船舶功率不断增大,必须采用渗碳淬硬的渐开线齿轮。制造这种齿轮,必须摩齿以保证较高的齿轮精度,从而提高了生产成本。1971年起,我们首先在2400马力客货轮中采用单圆弧齿轮(不必磨齿)代替渐开线齿轮,使用到现在情况良好。最近我们又在2600马力20000吨级推轮中采用倒顺离合硬矮齿双圆弧齿轮箱,成功地完成了各种试验,正准备投入营运,受到使用部门的一致好评。根据实践和分析表明,这种齿轮不仅有很高的接触强度和抗弯强度,而且采用适当的齿形参数,可以解决中心距敏感等问题,完成适用船舶和航空等各种场合。本文将着重介绍把硬矮齿双圆弧齿轮用于船舶主推进倒顺离合齿轮箱的有关问题。     

精加工双圆弧齿轮的动态性能分析

硬齿面双圆弧轮刮削精加工工艺的试验成功，结束了硬齿面双圆弧齿轮没有合适的精加工工艺的历史，对其动态性能的研究是当务之急。利用目前较前沿的小波分析方法对其动态性能进行分析和研究，结果发现，硬齿面双圆弧齿轮经过刮削精加工后，与渐开线齿轮相比，在同参数、同材料、同精度及同齿面硬度情况下，双圆弧齿轮不仅具有承载能力比渐开线齿轮高的优点，而且其动态性能也与渐开线齿轮相近。     

刮削硬齿面双圆弧齿轮--磨削硬齿面渐开线齿轮承载能力对比试验研究

对刮削加工的硬齿面双圆弧齿轮和磨削加工的硬齿面渐开线齿轮(两齿轮的材质和基本参数都相同)承载能力对比试验进行了全面叙述,并对试验结果进行了分析。试验表明,刮削硬齿面双圆弧齿轮在承载能力、传动性能和动态特性等方面能够满足对硬齿面齿轮传动的设计要求。经过跑合和一段时间的承载磨合运行,齿面接触会越来越好,其传动性能优于渐开线齿轮传动。     

刮削硬齿面双圆弧齿轮—磨削硬齿面渐开线齿轮承载能力对比试验 …

对刮削加工的硬齿面双圆弧齿轮和磨削加工的硬齿面渐开线齿轮（两齿轮的材质和基本参数都相同）承载能力对比试验进行了全面叙述,并对试验结果进行了分析。试验表明,刮削硬持质齿面双圆弧齿轮在承载能力、传动性能和动态特性等方面能够满足对硬齿面齿轮传动的设计要不。经过跑合和一段时间的承载磨合运行,齿面接触会越来越好,其传动性能优地渐开线齿轮传动。     

硬齿面双圆弧齿轮性能试验研究

根据刮削硬齿面双圆弧齿轮和磨削硬齿面渐开线齿轮接触疲劳、负载性能等方面的台架对比试验情况,对刮削精加工的渗碳淬火硬齿面双圆弧齿轮承载能力、使用寿命、传动品质、制造成本等进行了探讨.     

渗碳硬齿面双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术

为了拓展圆弧齿轮的应用范围 ,本文介绍了渗碳硬化双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术。应用这项技术加工的硬齿面双圆弧齿轮 ,其承载能力与相同规格的硬齿面渐开线齿轮相当     

渗碳硬化双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术研究

双圆弧齿轮在我国已有 4 0年的应用历史。从八十年代中期 ,高速齿轮采用调质中硬(30 0 HBS左右 )——精滚齿——离子氮化——珩磨工艺 ;低速重载齿轮采用调质中硬——精滚齿工艺加工的双圆弧齿轮已在生产实际中得到成功的应用。随着现代工业的发展 ,课题组针对量大面广的低速重载齿轮传动领域 ,开展了渗碳硬化双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术研究。该项目的主要研究内容为 :设计、制造双圆弧齿轮刮前滚刀和硬质合金刮削滚刀 ,研究硬齿面双圆弧齿轮滚刮工艺 ,提出合理的刮削工艺参数进行渗碳淬火刮削硬齿面双圆弧齿轮与渗碳淬火磨齿硬齿面渐开线齿…     

渗碳硬齿面双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术

为了拓展圆弧齿轮的应用范围,本文介绍了渗碳硬化双圆弧齿轮超硬加工技术,应用这项技术加工的硬齿面双圆弧齿轮,其承载能力与相同规格的硬件渐开线齿轮相当。     

硬齿面双圆弧齿轮在200铜带轧机上的应用

本文简要论述了硬齿面双圆弧齿轮在200轧机中的应用,指出硬齿面双圆弧齿轮具有承载能力高、容易形成油膜、磨损小的种种优点。在中、低速的传动中,采用低温氮化工艺（不磨齿）,可有效地满足使用要求。使用寿命比渐开线齿轮成倍提高,能取得良好的经济效益。     

船用中速柴油机主传动单园弧齿轮箱的实船试验

本文着重介绍船用中速柴油机主传动采用单圆弧齿轮的实船试验情况,并把圆弧齿轮和渐开线齿轮在实船试验中齿面状况、油温、振动和噪音等测试情况作了对比和分析、对圆弧齿轮是否能作为船用中速柴油机的主传动进行了初步的探讨。     

TI 环面蜗杆砂轮磨齿原理

根据空间交错轴齿轮啮合理论，对ＴＩ环面蜗杆砂轮磨齿原理进行了理论研究，推导出了基本方程，分析了磨削渐开线直、斜齿圆柱齿轮时的接触线分布规律，并得到了齿面上不存在啮合界限线的判定条件，经微机模拟接触过程，表明此方法是一种高效的齿面磨削方法。     

旋转齿轮瞬时接触应力和温度的分析模拟

建立了高速齿轮传动轮齿瞬时接触温度的分析方法和模型;采用赫兹接触理论和有限元接触分析方法分析了标准渐开线齿廓和齿顶修形齿廓的齿面接触压力;研究了啮合过程中轮齿的相对滑动速度和齿面摩擦因数以及摩擦热流密度的计算方法;建立了轮齿本体温度的有限元温度分析模型;计算了轮齿接触面的瞬时温升;分析了标准和齿顶修形渐开线齿轮的轮齿本体温度和瞬时接触温度及相关因素对它们的影响。     

The spherical involute bevel gear: its geometry, kinematic behavior and standardization

Bevel gear processing has diversified based on constant technical developments in forging, CNC cutting and hob design. Standardization of bevel gears is in higher demand than ever for different bevel gear systems that have different shapes and forms according to processing methods. With advantages such as excellent compatibility and the ability to absorb assembly errors well, the involute gear is referred to as the spherical involute tooth profile in bevel gear systems. This paper explains the geometrical characteristics and kinematic behavior of spherical involute gears. A spherical involute function is derived to effectively represent tooth profiles, and a common basic rack is developed using the equation of meshing to generate spherical involute gears. This study also analyzes the general characteristics of spherical involute gears and discusses the issue of bevel-gear standardization.     

Surface finishing method for tooth flank of heat-treated surface-hardened small gears using a gear-shaped tool composed of alumina-fiber-reinforced plastic

High-accuracy gears are necessary to ensure the strength and silence of compact geared motors. Heat-treated surface-hardened small gears are employed in the reducer of a compact geared motor. The heat treatment causes distortion, which deteriorates the gear accuracy. To remove this distortion, surface-hardened small gears are rehobbed with a carbide hob. The rehobbing makes a tool mark on the gear tooth surface. This tool mark leads not only to strength deterioration of the tooth surface, but also vibration and noise. Therefore, a surface finishing method that eliminates the tool mark is required. However, it is difficult to finish surface-hardened small gears. This study proposes a tooth surface finishing method for a surface-hardened small gear. The method employs a gear-shaped tool composed of alumina-fiber-reinforced plastic (ALFRP) and a surface finishing device with an oscillation/traverse system. The proposed method was used in an experiment to remove the tool mark on the gear tooth flank of a surface-hardened small gear rehobbed by the carbide hob. The effectiveness of this method was verified. In addition, the processing mechanism of the ALFRP gearshaped tool was analyzed by observing the tool and the chips.     

Investigation of the Thermal Behaviour of Non‐metallic Curved‐Face‐Width Spur Gears

This paper describes a curved‐face‐width spur gear, specially designed for manufacture from non‐metallic materials. The benefits of this gear are the higher contact ratio, bending and Hertzian contact resistance, and greater tooth stiffness compared to standard spur gears. A modified geometry is proposed for the gear tooth, the height of which varies along the gear face width. Due to the reduction in tooth height, in sections away from the gear centre, lower sliding friction is expected, with consequences for the gear's thermal behaviour. The complex gear geometry makes the design of a die difficult; therefore the gears were cut on a milling machine, using a special kinematic generation process and related equipment. The tooth flank profile, an involute or near involute in sections away from the gear half‐width plane, as well as the flank surface quality determined by the single‐cutter tool used for gear manufacture, influence the meshing condition, and can be detrimental to the thermal behaviour of the gear. Experimental tests were carried out to examine the influence of load and speed on the temperature of the curved‐face‐width spur gears with modified geometry. The measured temperature of the non‐standard gear is further compared with the predicted temperature of plastic standard spur gears of the same specification.     

渐开线斜齿轮整体虚拟滚齿仿真及齿面精度研究

利用专业三维软件CATIA V5的宏程序功能,基于共轭齿面包络加工原理,研究了滚刀加工渐开线斜齿轮的计算机虚拟加工问题,完成了斜齿轮的整体虚拟滚齿切削仿真技术。利用CATIA中的命令提取并结合由虚拟加工得到的众多细小曲面来形成齿轮齿面,实现了精确齿轮整体模型的仿真加工方法,并通过与理论齿面比较,齿面精度误差在1μm以下,验证了该方法的正确性,并对可能影响齿面精度的加工因素进行了探讨。本方法为提供齿轮机床的误差形成原理,以及理论齿面和误差齿面的齿轮有限元分析提供了一个虚拟的三维数据研究平台。     

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF STRAIGHT BEVEL GEAR FOR PRECISION FORGING DIE BY DIRECT MILLING

In the manufacture of straight bevel gears, a precision forging method has been mainly used in recent years and the precision forging die has been usually manufactured using electric discharge machining. However, it is difficult to content the high productivity and low manufacturing cost using electric discharge machining because the gears are produced through a process of several steps. In this article, a design and manufacture of a straight bevel gear for a precision forging die by direct milling is developed in order to improve the productivity and manufacturing cost for the gear production. The tooth profile of a straight bevel gear generated by a quasi-complementary crown gear instead of a usual complementary crown gear is introduced. For this study, first the numerical coordinates on the tooth surface of the straight bevel gear were calculated and the tooth profiles were modeled using a 3D-CAD system. Afterward, the direct milling of the precision forging die of the straight bevel gear in the hardened state was carried out using a CNC milling machine based on a CAM process through the calculated numerical coordinates.     

圆弧齿轮磨损后非稳定传动分析

和相同尺寸的渐开线齿轮相比，圆弧齿轮的当量曲率半径比渐开线齿轮的当量曲率半径大数十倍，因此．圆弧点啮合齿轮副可大幅度提高共轭齿面的接触强度，具有广阔的发展前途。着重对齿轮磨损后的传动性能进行分析．齿面已不能再用原有理想方程表示，只能对磨损后得到的离散点位置坐标值进行双三次样条插值，模拟出磨损后的齿面方程。对变化的瞬时传动比进行分析。     

DELIBERATlON TO THE DEFINITION OF TOOTH THICKNESS FOR INVOLUTE HELICAL GEAR IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO1122／1

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