响应面法优化马铃薯生浆馒头的发酵工艺

以普通面粉和马铃薯生浆为原料,利用响应面法对马铃薯生浆添加量、加水量、酵母添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度5个因素进行优化。通过五因素五水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,利用SAS9.1软件对马铃薯生浆馒头感官评分数据进行处理分析,可以得到最佳工艺条件组合:马铃薯生浆添加量为21%,加水量68%、酵母添加量0.9%、发酵时间52 min、发酵温度35℃,在此条件下的马铃薯生浆馒头的感官评分是89分。     

响应面法优化马铃薯泥面包的加工工艺

将马铃薯加工为薯泥,与面粉混合加工成马铃薯泥面包,通过对面包加工性能和感官品质的研究确定马铃薯泥在面包中最佳添加量。利用响应面分析法对马铃薯泥面包加工工艺中酵母含量、和面时间、发酵温度3个因素进行优化。最终确定马铃薯泥在面包中的最佳添加量为40%,最佳工艺条件:酵母含量4.0%,和面时间14 min,发酵温度为38℃,在此条件下加工的面包比容为3.94 mL/g,与理论值(3.96 mL/g)的相对误差仅为0.51%。采用响应面法对马铃薯泥面包制作参数的优化准确可靠,为马铃薯主食化研究和马铃薯泥面包的工业化生产提供技术参考。      

甜玉米馒头的加工工艺优化

本文将甜玉米粒进行热风干燥处理后打粉,将甜玉米粉与麦芯粉混合制作馒头,对其进行工艺优化。本文以质构、感官以及比容为评价指标,进行单因素试验。选取三因素三水平进行Box-Behnken响应面实验。结论表明:通过研究添加不同比例的甜玉米粉制作馒头,发现,当甜玉米粉添加量大于25%时,甜玉米馒头的比容明显降低,且感官评价指标已不足60分。依据此标准,选取甜玉米粉添加量为25%时进行进一步的优化实验。最终得出添加量为25%的甜玉米馒头最佳工艺条件为:发酵时间为78.19 min,醒发时间为19.51 min,搅拌时间为9.98 min,酵母添加量为1.02%。在此条件下,甜玉米馒头具有良好的感官品质为79.17分,比优化前增长9.64分;比容增加0.05 mL/g;质构指标有所改善,并且面筋网络结构更加紧致。     

大豆卵磷脂、葡萄糖氧化酶和谷氨酰胺转胺酶对马铃薯生浆馒头面团流变学和品质特性的影响（英文）

评估大豆卵磷脂（soy lecithin,Soy L;0.2%～1.0%）、葡萄糖氧化酶（glucose oxidase,GOX;0.3～1.5 U/g）和谷氨酰胺转胺酶（transglutaminase,TG;0.3～1.5 U/g）对面团延伸特性和馒头品质的影响。以小麦粉（50%）和马铃薯生浆（50%）为原料，分析马铃薯生浆馒头的最优改良配方。结果表明，Soy L和GOX显著（P<0.05）影响馒头的比容和硬度，而TG显著（P<0.05）影响面团的延伸性以及馒头的弹性和内聚性。马铃薯生浆馒头的最优配方为0.65%Soy L、0.92 U/g GOX和0.96 U/g TG；在此条件下，提高了面团的黏弹性和发酵特性，改善了马铃薯生浆馒头的比容、质构和孔隙率。     

马铃薯馒头加工工艺研究

通过配制不同比例马铃薯—小麦混合粉,确定了制作馒头的工艺,并研究了马铃薯粉对馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着马铃薯粉添加量增加,馒头比容减小,色差、硬度变大,当马铃薯全粉加入量为15%、酵母加入量为1.25g、水分加入量为55m L、发酵时间0.5h、醒发时间20min时制作的馒头品质较好。     

南方馒头冷冻面团生产技术研究

该试验开展了南方馒头冷冻面团生产技术的研究,重点探讨了加糖量、酵母添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间等因素对冷冻面团生产的南方馒头的感官评分、硬度、比容等品质指标的影响,并采取响应面法建立了上述工艺参数对冷冻面团生产的南方馒头品质影响的数学模型。结果表明,南方馒头冷冻面团生产的最佳发酵工艺为：发酵温度35 ℃,加糖量8.2%,酵母添加量1.0%,发酵时间41 min。在此最佳条件下,冷冻面团生产的南方馒头感官评分达79.7分,硬度805.26 g,比容2.98 mL/g。     

藜麦-小麦混合粉面团特性及藜麦馒头加工工艺

探讨不同比例的藜麦全粉对高筋小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响,确定藜麦全粉馒头中最佳的藜麦全粉添加比例并进行馒头加工工艺的优化。通过混合实验仪和吹泡仪对面团流变学特性进行测定,以馒头的感官评价和质构特性为评价指标,对藜麦全粉馒头的酵母添加量、发酵时间和醒发时间进行优化。结果表明：藜麦全粉馒头的最佳藜麦全粉添加量为15%;当酵母添加量0.75%、发酵时间100 min、醒发时间15 min时,藜麦全粉馒头的感官评价总分达到最高值86.58,比容达到最高值3.02 mL/g,同时,硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性分别达到最低值9.76、45.53 N和6.66 N。     

平菇馒头制作工艺研究

为了丰富平菇精深加工产品种类,提高其利用价值。以平菇为研究对象,在单因素实验基础上,采用正交优化实验,研究平菇馒头的最佳制作工艺。结果表明,在小麦粉为100g的情况下,平菇浆添加量为36 mL、酵母添加量为0.85 g以及发酵时间为55 min时,制成的平菇馒头质地均匀,形态完整,口感好,有适宜的平菇风味,馒头感官评分达到92分。     

甘薯生浆面包加工工艺优化

以小麦粉和甘薯生浆为主要原料,制作甘薯生浆面包。以感官评分作为考察指标,采用响应面试验设计对甘薯生浆面包加工工艺进行优化。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为压面次数11次、发酵温度38℃、发酵时间104 min、酵母添加量1.1%(以小麦粉-甘薯生浆混合物总质量计)。在此工艺条件下,制得的面包表皮光滑、气孔均匀、柔软有弹性、有甘薯香味,感官评分达到最高。     

发酵型速冻油条制作工艺条件的优化

为了优化发酵型速冻油条的制作工艺,考察影响发酵型速冻油条品质的主要因素,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面法,研究酵母添加量、发酵时间、膨松剂添加量对发酵型速冻油条比容的影响规律。结果表明,发酵型速冻油条制作的最佳工艺条件为：酵母添加量1.0%(以面粉质量计)、膨松剂添加量3.0%(以面粉质量计)、发酵时间2.4h,－35℃速冻20min,在此最佳工艺条件下制得油条的比容为(4.54±0.03)mL/g。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press