基于改进A*算法的分拣搬运机器人路径规划

为了解决分拣搬运机器人在路径规划过程中,遇到目标点众多的情况时存在路径寻优效率低、容易出错等问题。针对A*算法存在多个最小值时,无法实现路径最优化的问题进行研究,提出一种将蚁群算法与A*算法相结合的改进A*算法。首先使用A*算法筛选出一条最优化的路线来分布信息素,从而简化A*算法在路径规划上的运算。其次以筛选出的路线为基础,针对不同情况结合蚁群算法设计了三种通用方案,以此为基础进行具体的路径规划,从而解决A*算法本身存在的容易带入大量重复数据的问题。通过仿真与实际实验验证了本文提出的改进的A*算法能够满足自动分拣搬运的需求,值得推广与使用。     

基于邻域拓展的静态路径规划A*算法研究

为了解决传统的A*算法搜索自由度低,规划出的路径长度长且转角大的问题,提出了一种改进的A*算法.改进算法将传统的8邻域搜索拓展到24邻域,并利用引导向量优化邻域数量,提升搜索效率;采用路径平滑算法消除路径中的冗余节点,优化平滑路径.在不同障碍率、不同栅格地图等12种模拟场景下的100次有效实验与真实地图下的20次有效实...     

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划过程中存在机身体积约束和实际场景下的行驶效率需求,而常用的A*算法搜索速度慢、冗余节点多,且规划路径贴近障碍物、平滑性较差。提出一种以改进A*算法规划全局路径、融合动态窗口法（DWA）规划局部路径的煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法。考虑定向钻机尺寸影响,在传统A*算法中引入安全扩展策略,即在定向钻机和巷道壁、障碍物之间加入安全距离约束,以提高规划路径的安全性;对传统A*算法的启发函数进行自适应权重优化,同时将父节点的影响加入到启发函数中,以提高全局路径搜索效率;利用障碍物检测原理对经上述改进后的A*算法规划路径剔除冗余节点,并使用分段三次Hermite插值进行二次平滑处理,得到全局最优路径。将改进A*算法与DWA融合,进行煤矿井下定向钻机路径规划。利用Matlab对不同工况环境下定向钻机路径规划算法进行仿真对比分析,结果表明：与Dijkstra算法和传统A*算法相比,改进A*算法在保证安全距离的前提下,加快了搜索速度,搜索时间分别平均减少88.5%和63.2%,且在一定程度上缩短了规划路径的长度,路径更加平滑;改进A*算法与DWA融合算法可有效躲避改进A*算法规...     

基于改进A和DWA的无人艇路径规划算法

针对存在动态障碍的复杂海洋环境中无人艇的应用,提出了基于改进A*和DWA的无人艇路径规划算法.在全局路径规划时,基于动态改变步长方法设计了一种改进的快速平滑A*算法,克服了传统A*算法存在的大范围搜索时效率低下、生成路径不平滑等缺点,基于无人艇传感及导航信息,通过在DWA的评价函数中增加路径偏差项,将全局规划与局部规划相结合,实现了动态环境下无人艇的路径规划.仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比传统A*算法,规划的路径平滑,运行效率提升了约30倍,并可以躲避环境中可能存在的动态障碍,确保无人艇安全、高效地到达目标点.     

大规模AGV的改进时间窗路径规划

在机器人路径规划中,A*算法搜索路径时存在大量冗余节点,随着任务量增加,其搜索效率也会急剧下降,因此无法适应大规模任务下的路径规划。为此提出一种改进时间窗的有界次优A*算法用于求解大规模自动导引车（automatic guided vehicle,AGV）路径规划问题。算法使用时间启发式,并在搜索过程中采用时空搜索,规划无冲突的最优或次优路径。算法主要进行了三处改进：采用时间启发式,缩短了路径时间;采用动态时间窗算法,避免多次路径规划;优化了聚焦搜索算子,降低负反馈。通过MATLAB实验结果证明改进后的算法在进行多机器人路径规划时,能快速有效地规划出无冲突的平滑次优路径,搜索效率高,稳定性强。     

基于改进A*算法室内移动机器人路径规划

A*算法常用于二维地图的路径规划,但是在利用其进行室内移动机器人路径规划时,存在过多的冗余点和拐点,造成了内存消耗过大和路径不平滑。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进的A*算法。结合跳跃点搜索理论,利用先验信息,用选取的关键点代替了传统A*算法中Openlist和Closelist的点,减小了计算量,提高了运算速度。运用反向搜索策略,对路径进行二次规划,删除不必要的转折点,降低了路径长度。将路径在转折点处进行动态圆平滑处理,提高了路径的平滑性。为了验证改进A*算法的性能,将其应用于不同尺寸仿真栅格环境地图和处于真实室内环境的机器人中,实验结果表明,在相同环境下,改进算法相较于传统的A*算法,在运行时间、路径长度和平滑程度上均有明显的提高。     

基于A*的双向预处理改进搜索算法

本文针对传统A*算法存在冗余路径点较多与单向搜索耗时较长的缺点,提出了一种改进A*算法.该算法采用双向预处理结构减少冗余节点数,并通过归一化处理和增加节点标记信息进一步优化估价函数提高遍历速度.利用仿真软件对改进A*算法进行实验,并与其它经典路径规划算法进行比较.仿真结果表明,改进后的A*算法较于传统A*算法能以较低的搜索节点数和搜索时长较好的完成全局路径规划.     

改进A*算法融合自适应DWA的移动机器人动态路径规划

为解决传统A*算法和传统动态窗口法（Dynamic window approach,DWA）在移动机器人路径规划中存在的问题,提出一种改进A*算法和改进DWA相结合的动态路径规划方法。首先,采用16邻域16方向的路径搜索方式扩大路径搜索视野,减少节点访问量和转角度数;其次,对启发函数进行优化,增强路径搜索的目的性;接着,采用冗余点删除策略,减少转折点数目,路径平滑度进一步提高,再使用B样条曲线对路径拐角进行处理,得到的路径较为平滑;然后,在DWA的评价函数中对障碍物进行分类并区别对待以及添加速度自适应因子,能够提高避障灵敏度;最后,通过与其他算法进行三部分仿真实验以及优先级策略仿真实验,验证改进A*算法的有效性和融合方法避障的优越性。     

基于人工势场的A*算法的移动机器人路径规划

为了解决传统A*算法规划路径时未考虑到障碍物分布对路径选取的影响,文中提出了一种改进的A*算法.将人工势场的思想与传统的A*算法相结合,对栅格地图中的障碍物赋予斥力场函数并计算周围栅格的斥力大小,进行路径搜索时将栅格的斥力大小引进到A*算法的评价函数当中以改进A*算法的搜索能力.通过MATLAB仿真和Turtlebot机器人的实验结果表明,与传统的A*算法相比,改进后的新算法与人工势场算法相结合,规划出了更优的路径,提高了路径规划效率,且搜索速度提高了 13.40％～29.68％,路径长度缩短了 10.56％～24.38％,路径节点数减少了 6.89％～27.27％,因此,改进的A*算法的优化效果明显,具有有效性和可行性.     

一种改进A*算法在无人船路径规划中的应用

无人水面船(USV)是一种新型的智能水面艇,全局路径规划是USV研究的关键技术.为了降低USV的航行成本,缩短全局路径总里程,改善路线中的波折抖动问题,提出了一种改进A*算法.改进算法中首先对启发函数结合了分区距离信息和角度变量的加权,然后使用了路径曲线平滑方法.对S-57电子海图进行解析、栅格化处理后得到仿真环境模型,在上述环境模型下验证改进后A*算法的有效性.仿真结果表明,环境模型构建方法和改进的A*算法能够生成安全合理、总里程更少,路线平滑流畅的全局路径.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。