阵元失效下基于矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计

针对阵元失效下MIMO雷达目标DOA估计性能下降问题,提出一种基于虚拟阵列采样数据矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。MIMO雷达的阵元失效分为冗余虚拟阵元失效和非冗余虚拟阵元失效两种情况。当冗余虚拟阵元失效时,通过合并空间上位置相同的正常冗余虚拟阵元输出数据以实现信号降维与失效阵元数据填充。当非冗余虚拟阵元失效时,经降维填充后的数据矩阵中仍存在整行缺失数据,根据降维数据矩阵的低秩和稀疏先验,建立带低秩和稀疏约束的矩阵填充模型,并利用ALM-ADMM算法求解来恢复完整的降维数据矩阵。最后利用root-MUSIC算法估计目标DOA。仿真结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高MIMO雷达在阵元失效时的DOA估计精度。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的阵元失效MIMO雷达DOA估计

在实际应用中由于恶劣环境或人为干扰等因素而导致多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达部分阵元失效,使得其接收数据缺失及其协方差矩阵秩亏,从而导致子空间类算法的波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计性能恶化甚至完全失效。针对上述问题,提出了一种接收阵元失效下基于协方差矩阵重构的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。该方法根据MIMO雷达协方差矩阵中以接收阵元数划分的子方块矩阵具有Toeplitz特性,利用正常工作接收阵元的协方差矩阵元素来恢复相应的缺失元素,从而重构出完整的数据协方差矩阵,提高阵元失效MIMO雷达的DOA估计性能。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于双重Toeplitz矩阵填充的阵元受损MIMO雷达DOA估计

在阵元受损下多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Out, MIMO)雷达的虚拟阵列中存在虚拟阵元部分缺失,使得传统波达方向(Direction of Arriual, DOA)估计方法无法有效估计目标DOA。矩阵填充可以利用随机分布的少量采样元素恢复出完整矩阵,但阵元受损使得虚拟阵列协方差矩阵会出现结构性缺失数据,导致传统矩阵填充方法失效。为此,文中利用阵列协方差矩阵的双重Hermite Toeplitz结构和低秩特性,构建一种改进的低秩矩阵填充模型,并分别使用凸优化工具箱(CVX)和交替方向乘子法求解该模型获得完整的协方差矩阵,最后利用RD-ESPRIT算法获得目标的DOA估计值。仿真结果表明,文中的方法能对阵元受损带来的结构性缺失元素进行有效重构,从而提高了目标DOA估计性能。     

基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计

多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)雷达在阵元故障时虚拟阵列输出数据矩阵会出现大量的整行数据丢失,由于阵列接收数据矩阵的不完整而导致对波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)的估计性能恶化。大多数低秩矩阵填充算法要求缺失数据随机分布于不完整的矩阵中,无法适用于整行缺失数据的恢复问题。为此,提出了一种基于低秩块Hankel矩阵正则化的阵元故障MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。首先,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)降低虚拟阵列输出矩阵的维度,以减少计算复杂度。然后,对降维数据矩阵建立基于块Hankel矩阵正则化的低秩矩阵填充模型,在该模型中将MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵排列成块Hankel 矩阵并施加Schatten-p 范数作为正则项。最后,结合交替方向乘子法(Alternate Direction Multiplier Method,ADMM)求解该模型,获得完整的MIMO雷达降维数据矩阵。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效恢复降维数据矩阵中的整行数据缺失,具有较高的DOA估计精度和实时性,在阵元故障率低于50.0%时DOA估计精度优于现有方法。     

基于矩阵因子重构的MIMO雷达角度估计方法

多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达中部分失效阵元会使得阵列采样数据丢失,从而导致较差的角度估计性能。为此,提出一种基于不完整矩阵因子重构的MIMO雷达角度估计方法。首先,根据协方差矩阵可分解的性质,提取维度较低的矩阵因子,并将协方差矩阵中缺失数据恢复问题转化为矩阵因子重构问题。然后,为了利用矩阵因子中元素的相关性,对不完整矩阵因子建立核范数约束下的低秩Hankel矩阵重构模型;为避免传统的核范数最小化求解中计算复杂度高的问题,采用低秩矩阵拟合方法将Hankel矩阵分解为两个维度较低的矩阵,等价表达了核范数约束。最后,利用交替方向乘子法（ADMM）对该矩阵重构模型进行求解。仿真结果表明,本文方法可以有效地重构出矩阵因子中的缺失元素,进而实现阵列协方差矩阵中丢失数据的补全,改善阵元失效下的MIMO雷达角度估计性能。     

阵元失效条件下的高精度DOA估计方法

为解决波达方向（Direction Of Arrival,DOA）估计方法在阵元失效条件下性能下降甚至失效的问题,本文提出一种基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法.首先,提出了一种失效阵元检测方法,并根据阵列的鲁棒性将失效阵元分为冗余阵元失效和非冗余阵元失效两种情况.然后,分别针对两种失效场景提出相应DOA估计方法：一是冗余阵元失效,利用阵列冗余度,结合差联合阵列对失效阵元进行填充;二是非冗余阵元失效,利用阵列冗余度进行填充后仍存在空洞,结合矩阵填充理论,用迹范数代替秩范数进行凸松弛以恢复协方差矩阵,进而实现对虚拟阵元空洞的填充,恢复阵列自由度.相对于稀疏类算法,有效消除了模型失配的影响.最后,基于子空间方法进行DOA估计.理论和仿真结果表明,相对于现有方法,本文方法有效避免了阵元失效的影响,提高了估计精度.     

基于协方差匹配SLO算法的MIMO雷达DOA估计

利用加权平滑l0范数(Smoothed l0, SL0)算法估计MIMO雷达目标DOA时,需要把协方差矩阵进行矢量化来获得相应的稀疏重构模型,并利用信号和噪声子空间的正交性来构造加权向量。然而当存在相干信源时,MIMO雷达协方差矩阵的秩将退化,这会使得稀疏重构模型的误差较大以及无法正确区分信号和噪声子空间,导致加权SL0算法的DOA估计性能恶化。针对上述问题提出了一种基于协方差匹配SL0算法的MIMO雷达DOA估计方法。该方法利用协方差匹配准则重构出一个满秩的协方差矩阵,恢复MIMO雷达协方差矩阵的Toeplitz特性,并利用协方差逆矩阵的高阶幂来近似噪声子空间从而计算加权向量。仿真分析表明,该方法能够在无需预知信源数目的情况下有效地完成对相干信号的DOA估计。     

基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的互质阵列DOA估计方法

针对基于互质阵列的欠定DOA估计方法对于虚拟阵元非连续部分利用率不高的问题,该文提出一种基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法。首先,从互质阵列差联合阵的角度分析虚拟阵元分布特性,结合其与协方差矩阵中各元素得到的波程差存在对应关系,将协方差矩阵进行扩展得到一个数据缺失的高维协方差矩阵;然后,根据矩阵填充理论,用迹范数代替秩范数进行松弛,对缺失元素进行填充;最后,利用现有root-MUSIC方法进行DOA估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法提升了虚拟阵元的利用率,从而增加了虚拟孔径和可估计信号数,同时无需对角度域进行离散化处理,有效消除了模型失配的影响,并且避免了正则化参数选取问题,提高了估计精度和分辨率。     

基于协方差矩阵加权截断核范数的DOA估计

针对互质阵列通过差联合处理得到具有高自由度的虚拟阵列存在空洞位置,导致子空间类算法不适用、阵元利用率不足等问题,文中提出了一种基于加权截断核范数的协方差矩阵重构的波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先根据虚拟域信号表达式和空洞位置构建待填充矩阵;然后,利用最小化加权截断核范数实现阵列插值;最后,迭代重构接收信号协方差矩阵得到角度功率谱估计。仿真结果表明：所提算法可快速准确地实现DOA参数估计,相比基于最小化核范数和截断核函数正则化的DOA估计算法,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,在快拍数小和信噪比低的情况下均具有较高的估计精度。     

互质阵列DOA估计性能综合分析北大核心CSCD

互质阵列是近年来兴起的新型阵列,能显著提高阵列自由度,处理信源数大于阵元数时的波达方向(DOA)估计,且能提高角度分辨率和测角精度。文中根据互质阵物理阵元和虚拟阵元特点,结合多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法提出适用于互质阵基于物理阵列和虚拟阵列的DOA估计方法。该方法以非相干信号源为研究对象,利用互质阵列建立信号接收模型,基于物理阵列的DOA估计方法根据互质阵物理阵元位置特点推导其导向矢量,然后根据导向矢量计算回波信号数据和信号协方差矩阵,最后利用MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。基于虚拟阵列的DOA估计方法根据其虚拟阵元数据特点在向量化协方差矩阵并去冗余后选取连续虚拟阵元接收数据,然后对新协方差矩阵进行一维Toeplitz平滑重构,最后利用MUSIC算法或求根MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。与等阵元数的均匀线阵进行对比,仿真实验验证了互质阵列DOA估计性能的优越性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks