黑老虎果皮多酚超声辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究超声辅助提取黑老虎果皮多酚的最佳工艺及其体外抗氧化活性。方法：通过单因素分析(料液比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间、超声功率)及正交试验优化提取工艺;测定最优提取条件下提取的黑老虎果皮多酚对DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基的清除力。结果：超声辅助提取黑老虎果皮多酚的最佳工艺条件为20%乙醇、料液比1∶60g/mL、超声提取50min、超声功率350W,该条件下平行三次提取得到总多酚的提取率为(20.25±0.39)mg/g,RSD为1.94%。黑老虎果皮多酚对DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基具有清除能力,最优提取条件下,500μg/mL及250μg/mL的黑老虎果皮多酚对DPPH和ABTS⁺自由基的清除率均在90%以上,相应的IC₅₀分别为128.06μg/mL、101.56μg/mL,其中清除ABTS⁺能力>清除DPPH能力。结论：该提取方法可行,工艺可靠。黑老虎果皮多酚体外抗氧化活性良好,可作为天然抗氧化剂进行开发。     

黄芪茎叶总皂苷的响应面提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

采用超声法提取黄芪茎叶中的总皂苷，利用单因素结合响应面法优化其提取工艺，并通过测定提取物对DPPH·、ABTS⁺·、·OH、O₂^-·和H₂O₂的清除能力评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明黄芪茎叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为超声功率200 W，乙醇浓度60%，液料比25∶1 m L/g，提取时间61 min，提取温度57℃，在该工艺条件下黄芪茎叶总皂苷提取量为8.44 mg/g,HPLC法测得此时黄芪甲苷转移率达70%以上。黄芪茎叶总皂苷对DPPH·、ABTS⁺·、·OH、O₂^-·和H₂O₂的清除能力与浓度呈正相关，1.0 mg/m L的总皂苷提取物对DPPH·和ABTS⁺·的清除率分别为84.38%和96.19%，是同浓度下阳性对照Vc活性的87.21%和96.97%，但该浓度提取物对H₂O₂的清除能力稍弱，仅为59....     

响应面法优化金丝皇菊多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性评价

以金丝皇菊为试验对象,采用超声波辅助法提取多酚。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对金丝皇菊多酚的提取工艺进行优化。通过考察其对ABTS⁺·、·O^-₂、·OH和DPPH·的清除作用,评价多酚的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：提取金丝皇菊多酚的最佳工艺为料液比1∶30(g/mL)、乙醇体积分数85%、超声温度54℃,在此条件下多酚得率为9.34 mg/g。自由基清除试验表明,金丝皇菊多酚的清除能力与其质量浓度呈正相关,对ABTS⁺·、·O^-₂、DPPH·、和·OH的IC₅₀分别为0.796、0.354、0.574、0.768 mg/mL。     

火麻籽壳多酚不同提取工艺及其抗氧化性

采用8种不同方法提取火麻籽壳多酚,通过对比不同提取方法的提取率与提取物抗氧化活性,筛选出火麻籽壳多酚的最佳提取方法。采用大孔树脂对最佳提取工艺的多酚粗提物样品进行纯化,确定其纯化条件。结果表明:超声波辅助醇提法多酚提取率最高,多酚提取率为2.34 mg/g。不同提取方法所得多酚提取液对DPPH·和ABTS⁺·都有清除能力,其中超声波辅助醇提法所得样品在不同浓度水平均表现出较强的自由基清除能力。纯化火麻籽壳多酚的最佳树脂为X-5,其吸附率和解吸率分别为74.5%和44.5%,乙醇解吸液浓度为90%。纯化后多酚对DPPH·和ABTS⁺·的清除能力与样品浓度之间存在量效关系,其IC₅₀值分别0.38 mg/mL和0.10 mg/mL,纯化后的火麻籽壳多酚具有较高的抗氧化活性。     

桑叶多酚的超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以秋桑叶粉末为原料,采用超声辅助低共熔溶剂法提取桑叶多酚并研究其抗氧化活性。以20种低共熔溶剂对桑叶多酚进行提取,筛选出最优低共熔溶剂组合,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法进一步优化桑叶多酚提取工艺参数;采用DPPH和ABTS自由基清除试验分析桑叶多酚低共熔溶剂提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明：桑叶多酚最佳提取工艺为氯化胆碱/果糖/乙醇摩尔比1:1:2、含水量45%、液料比40 mL/g、超声功率360 W、超声温度40℃、超声时间40 min,在此条件下桑叶多酚提取量为76.82 mg/g;体外抗氧化结果表明,桑叶多酚的抗氧化作用与浓度呈正相关,对DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基有显著的清除作用。     

超声辅助提取牛大力中总生物碱的工艺及抗氧化活性研究

选取药食两用植物牛大力，超声辅助提取，探究其总生物碱的工艺，并分析总生物碱的抗氧化活性。以总生物碱提取率为指标，通过单因素和正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为：料液比1 g:100 mL，提取液pH值为1，超声功率300 W，超声时间20 min。在此条件下，总生物碱提取率为2.894 mg/g；所提取得到的总生物碱对DPPH·、·OH、ABTS⁺·3种自由基均有较强的清除能力，IC₅₀分别为63.89、39.75、94.48μg/mL，且总生物碱对三价铁的还原能力与浓度成正相关，结果表明总生物碱提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性。该研究结果将为牛大力中总生物碱进一步在食品中作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂提供理论依据。     

海绵Hyrtios erectus抗氧化产物超声提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性分析

为探索海绵动物抗氧化提取物的提取工艺及提取物的抗氧化活性,以H. erectus海绵乙醇提取物的DPPH自由基清除率为响应值,分别考察超声温度、超声时间和超声功率3个影响因素,通过Box-Behnken响应面设计确定最佳超声提取工艺。以该工艺提取物为实验材料,分析其对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺·和·OH的清除效果,通过构建H₂O₂氧化损伤模型研究提取物对氧化损伤L02细胞的活力和对H₂O₂氧化应激胞内ROS含量的影响。结果表明:可操作的最佳工艺为超声温度57℃,超声时间60 min,超声功率490 W,在此条件下,提取物DPPH自由基清除率为61.98%±1.52%,与预测值62.16%吻合度较好,该提取物对DPPH自由基、ABTS⁺·和·OH具有良好的清除效果,提取物处理组细胞活力均显著高于模型组(P<0.05),且细胞内ROS荧光强度均极显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。总之,该工艺提取物具有较广泛的抗氧化活性,对H₂O...     

微波辅助提取牛蒡叶多酚及其抗氧化、抗菌活性研究

利用微波辅助法提取多酚。结果表明,微波功率、提取时间、料液比的增加显著提高多酚提取率。微波辅助法提取牛蒡叶多酚的较佳条件为:提取时间3min,微波功率160W,料液比1g:20mL,提取2次。在此条件下,多酚提取率平均值为93.93%。DPPH自由基试验、羟自由基清除能力试验结果表明,牛蒡叶提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,牛蒡叶提取物浓度为0.90mg/mL时,提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为51.73%。抑菌试验结果表明,牛蒡叶微波提取物对革兰氏阳性菌与阴性菌都具有很强的抗菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.20,2.80,3.00mg/mL。     

板栗壳多酚的提取及其抗氧化性能的研究

利用超声波水提法从板栗壳中提取多酚类物质,通过探究料水比、超声时间、超声功率和超声温度对板栗壳多酚提取率的影响,优化提取工艺;测定板栗壳多酚提取液总抗氧化能力及其对DPPH·、O_2~-·、ABTS+·、NaNO_2、·OH的清除能力。结果表明,超声波水提板栗壳多酚最优提取工艺条件如下:料液比1∶45(g/mL)、超声时间1 h、超声功率350 W、超声温度65℃;板栗壳多酚总抗氧化能力优于V_C,对5种抗氧化体系均有一定的清除能力,且在一定质量浓度下其对DPPH·、ABTS~+·、NaNO_2和·OH的清除效果优于V_C。因此,板栗壳多酚是一种具有较好抗氧化活性的天然抗氧化剂。     

牛蒡叶多酚的超声波辅助提取及抗氧化活性、成分分析研究

利用超声波辅助法提取多酚,并研究了提取物的抗氧化活性和多酚成分.结果表明,超声波功率、提取时间的增大对多酚提取具有明显促进作用.通过实验得出了超声波辅助法提取多酚的最佳条件为:提取时间30min,超声波功率200W,提取温度30℃,液料比20:1mL/g.在此条件下,通过实验验证得出,多酚提取率平均值为8.810mg/g.DPPH自由基实验、羟自由基清除能力实验结果表明,牛蒡叶提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,牛蒡叶提取物浓度为1.00mg/mL时.提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为51.56%.牛蒡叶多酚的主要成分为绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、芦丁等.牛蒡叶提取物的强抗氧化活性主要是这些多酚化合物共同作用的结果.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the