液滴微流控技术制备窄粒径分布的HNS基PBX复合微球

为获得窄粒径分布的HNS基高聚合物黏结炸药(PBXs)微球，采用液滴微流控技术，分别以2%、3%的氟橡胶(F₂₆₀₄)、硝化棉(NC)和聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)为黏结剂对HNS进行包覆，并对微球的形貌、粒径分布、晶体结构、热性能以及撞击感度进行表征和测试。结果表明：黏结剂含量为3%时，均能制得球形度较高、粒径分布窄、单分散性好的微球，平均圆形度分别为0.927,0.915,0.908,D₅₀分别为46.86,58.77,60.12μm(跨度均小于0.4);3种微球晶型未发生改变，撞击感度值分别提高了4.5,4.0,3.5 J，安全性能显著提高。     

微流控技术制备微米级DAP-4基含能复合微球及性能研究

为提高分子钙钛矿含能材料（DAP-4）的装药工艺安全性,采用同轴型液滴微流控技术,改变黏结剂聚叠氮缩水甘油醚（GAP）和硝化纤维素（NC）的复合比例（占DAP-4质量的2%）实现了DAP-4基含能复合微球的球形化造粒。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、差热扫描量热仪、热失重分析仪、高速摄影、撞击感度测试仪和摩擦感度测试仪等系统测试和分析了样品的宏微观形貌、晶体结构、热性能、燃烧性能、机械感度等。结果表明：黏结剂GAP与NC的比例为4∶1时,DAP-4基复合微球（GN41）的球形化效果最好;对DAP-4进行球形化造粒后不会改变其晶体结构,热分解峰温略有提前;DAP-4基复合微球的燃烧时间比原料有轻微延长,总体依然表现出非常平稳的持续燃烧,保留了其优异的燃烧性能;GN41微球在降低机械感度的同时显著改善了流动性,提高了装药工艺安全性。     

黏结剂对B/KNO3微笔直写样品成型效果及燃烧性能的影响

为了设计点火燃烧性能良好且兼容微笔直写工艺的B/KNO₃(BPN)点火药配方,分别以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯(F₂₃₁₁)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(F₂₆₀₂)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯(F₂₄₆₁)、乙基纤维素(EC)、硝化纤维素(NC)、PVDF/NC为黏结剂,设计和制备了7种BPN基点火药油墨,并采用微笔直写装药工艺直写成型,考察了黏结剂种类对样品成型效果、点火燃烧特性和热分解特性的影响。结果表明,黏结剂组分的变化会导致BPN油墨的稠度指数表现一定的差异性,其稠度指数顺序为EC/B/KNO₃>PVDF/B/KNO₃>PVDF/NC/B/KNO₃>NC/B/KNO₃>F₂₃₁₁/B/KNO₃>F₂₆₀₂/B/KNO₃>F₂₄₆₁/B/KNO...     

NC/F2602/RDX复合微球悬浮组装成型及其性能研究

为了提升RDX基PBX造型粉的包覆效果和质量一致性，采用膜乳化技术制备出乳滴直径均一的水包油型粘结剂(NC/F₂₆₀₂)乳液，将超细RDX颗粒悬浮于乳液体系中，通过驱除乳滴中的溶剂，实现NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX含能微球的悬浮组装成型。对样品形貌、粒度分布、晶型和热分解性能进行表征，并对不同样品的撞击感度进行测试。结果表明：NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX复合物呈球状，包覆致密且粒度分布较窄，晶型未发生改变。相比超细RDX,NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX复合微球的表观活化能由162.25k J·mol^-1升至165.98k J·mol^-1，热爆炸临界温度仅降低了0.01℃；复合微球的撞击安全性显著改善，特性落高H₅₀由47.3cm升至62.5cm。     

黏结剂对喷雾干燥FOX-7基PBXs的性能影响

为研究喷雾干燥制备高聚物粘结炸药(Polymer Bonded Explosives,PBXs)的包覆机理和黏结剂种类及含量对PBXs性能的影响,分别以聚酯型热塑性聚氨酯(Estane 5703)、氟树脂(F₂₃₁₄)、氟橡胶(F₂₆₀₂)和丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)为黏结剂,采用喷雾干燥技术制备细化FOX-7和含有不同黏结剂种类和含量的1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)基PBXs。分别采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、撞击感度测试仪测试样品的表面形貌、晶型、热分解特性和撞击感度,研究黏结剂种类和含量对FOX-7基PBXs性能影响。结果表明,喷雾干燥包覆样品晶型均为α-FOX-7;Estane 5703包覆样品拥有最佳的球形度、表面光滑度和机械安全性,但表观活化能降低10.61%,F₂₆₀₂包覆样品的热稳定性好,二者作为黏结剂均可有效降低FOX-7的撞击感度;黏结剂含量为3%～5%时,FOX-7基PBXs造型粉颗粒表面光滑,包覆黏结效果好;黏结剂含量为5...     

含不同燃速催化剂的NC/GAP复合球形药的制备与热分解性能

为了改善燃速催化剂在固体推进剂药柱中的分散均匀性,提高其催化效率,采取内溶法分别制备了含燃速催化剂Fe_2O_3、Cu O、CNTs以及Cu_2Cr_2O_5的硝化纤维素/聚叠氮缩水甘油醚复合球形药,并对其形貌、粒径、塑化性能、热分解性能等进行了测试与分析。结果表明,采取内溶法工艺制备的含燃速催化剂NC/GAP复合球形药,圆球化程度高,流散性好,球形药颗粒粒径可控;燃速催化剂以物理共混的方式引入NC/GAP复合球形药,对NC和GAP的分子结构未产生影响。另外,燃速催化剂的加入促进了NC/GAP球形药的热分解。含Fe_2O_3、CuO、CNTs以及Cu_2Cr_2O_5的复合球形药比纯NC/GAP球形药的起始热分解温度分别降低12.15,15.38,15.42℃和13.97℃,其中CuO和CNTs的催化效果较明显。     

Zr/Pb3O4微胶囊化的制备及其性能

为了提高锆/四氧化三铅(Zr/Pb₃O₄)混合药剂的混合均匀性和工艺安全性,以海藻酸钠(SA)为微胶囊黏合剂,通过液相连续流混合,在水相中利用SA与Ca²⁺交联生成海藻酸钙(CA)凝胶,制备了CA/Zr/Pb₃O₄微胶囊。对CA/Zr/Pb₃O₄微胶囊和传统工艺制备的NC/Zr/Pb₃O₄颗粒进行形貌、粒度、球形度、流散性以及假密度等表征,表明CA/Zr/Pb₃O₄微胶囊平均粒径为517.10μm,方差为44.21μm,球形度为0.90,安息角为27.44°,粒径均一,球形度良好,流散性好。对CA/Zr/Pb₃O₄微胶囊进行火焰感度、燃速、火焰长度以及感度测试,表明CA/Zr/Pb₃O₄微胶囊火焰感度为65.38 mm,低于Zr/Pb₃O<...     

共轴聚焦型微流控装置剪切高粘溶液连续制备双基球形发射药

为了探索连续化生产粒径可控的百微米范围内双基球形发射药工艺条件,以质量分数为10%的双基发射药溶液为分散相,采用共轴聚焦型微流控装置制备了400～700μm范围内粒径可控的双基球形发射药,并研究了两相流量比(Q_c/Q_d)、芯片尺寸对其粒径和形貌的影响。通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜、密闭爆发器等测试方法,表征了样品形貌、粒径分布和定容燃烧性能。结果表明：随两相流量比(Q_c/Q_d)减小,相同芯片下制备样品的中位粒径(D₅₀)先增大后减小;随芯片的连续相或分散相通道内径增大,相同两相流量比下制备样品的D₅₀依次增大。当分散相通道内径为0.85 mm,连续相通道内径为2.00 mm,两相流量比为200.00时,制备的样品单分散性好、表面光滑、内部密实、球形形状规则(平均球形度φ_K=0.949)且粒径分布窄(跨度span=0.09),其D₅₀为539.94μm,平均颗粒密度ρ为1.601 g·cm^-3。密...     

RDX基复合含能微球的制备及表征

以硝化棉(NC)为粘结剂、黑索今(RDX)为主体炸药,采用喷雾干燥法制备了RDX/NC超细复合含能微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了表征及热分析,并与RDX原料进行了对比;对喷雾干燥法细化的RDX/NC和RDX、水悬浮法包覆的RDX/NC、溶剂非溶剂法细化的RDX、RDX原料的撞击感度分别进行了测试。结果表明,RDX/NC复合含能粒子与RDX原料相比,形貌从块状变为球形,粒径从50~200μm减小至0.5~7μm,晶型无变化,但X射线衍射峰明显弱化,活化能从200.11kJ·mol-1降至186.87kJ·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度从504.98K升至507.70K。喷雾干燥细化、球形化和复合的RDX/NC球形粒子的撞击感度降低显著。     

液滴微流控技术制备TATB基PBX复合微球

为了调控高聚合物黏结炸药（PBXs）的形貌、粒径分布和涂层包覆效果,采用高灵敏度的液滴微流控技术制备了TATB/F2602微球。研究了黏结剂含量和流量大小对TATB/F2602微球的形貌和粒径的影响。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、比表面积、DSC和TG等测试方法,系统研究了微球样品的形貌、结构、成分和热行为。结果表明：黏结剂含量为5%时微球具有光滑表面、规则球形形状和高单分散性,平均圆形度为0.921（跨度为0.040）;通过调控流量比逐渐增大,微球样品D50从51.73μm减小到44.31μm,且粒径分布窄（跨度小于0.4）;氟橡胶（F2602）均匀分布于TATB微球内部和表面,均匀地包覆TATB颗粒使微球样品热分解延后4.08℃;与原料TATB相比,球形化过程使TATB/F2602真密度增加到1.9780 g·cm-3。液滴微流控技术可以有效调控炸药微球的形貌和粒径,为高聚物黏结炸药的球形化制备提供参考。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Overview of Anti-tank Mines

First the different anti-tank mines laying possibilities are shortly summarized： hand emplaced, with mine layers, ground or helicopter relatively topographical well defined, and with cluster systems of projectiles, rockets and aircraft dispensers. Then examples of the three generations of anti-tank mines are presented：Ⅰ generation： detonating only beneath the track; Ⅱ generation： detonating beneath the track and belly; Ⅲ generation： mines with off-route actions. Weight and cost comparisons are strongly favoring the off-route Ⅲ-generation mines.