Bi2Te3基热电材料输运性质优化策略研究进展

随着能源需求的持续增长和不可再生资源的不断耗竭,世界各国高度关注新型能源的开发,同时也致力于提高工业废热的回收率和利用率。热电材料是一种能够实现热能和电能直接转换的固态介质,以其为核心的热电器件不含运动附件且不排放污染物,已在半导体制冷和局部热管理领域实现商业化,例如户外制冷机、车载冷柜、光电芯片和功率激光器的控温装置等。热电制冷非常适于小空间热源的主动冷却,可能成为下一代通讯和信息技术的热管理难题中唯一可行的解决方案。Bi2Te3基化合物作为近室温区兼具稳定理化性质和优异输运性质的热电材料,一直受到学术界和产业界的广泛关注。本文在概述热电材料研究背景和制备方法的基础上,从能带工程、声子散射工程、热变形工艺、结构低维化等方面对热电性能的优化方法进行了归纳,并对未来机遇进行了展望。     

同质界面浓度对P型Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_3合金热电性能的影响

界面对材料的电声输运性能具有明显的调控作用。基于此,探究了同质界面浓度对P型Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_3合金热电性能的影响。结果表明:随着同质界面浓度的增大,材料的电导率降低,Seebeck系数增大;界面浓度增加强化了对声子的散射,故热导率降低;经1min粉碎的烧结样品具有更优的高温电学性能,故其高温端热电性能更优。     

超硬材料的发展

超硬材料金刚石及立方氮化硼 ,由于其独特的性能 ,近年来在国内外得到蓬勃发展及广泛应用。本文对金刚石、立方氮化硼及其工具的产量、品种、应用及发展特点等作了概述。对今后金刚石、立方氮化硼的有关方面 ,诸如新型超硬材料—类金刚石、硼 碳 氮系化合物的研究开发 ;金刚石工具发展中值得重视的产品—低噪声锯片、绳锯的制备与质量提高 ;金刚石、立方氮化硼工具发展中值得重视的应用部门—复合强化地板材料加工、半导体材料加工、汽车加工业等作了阐述。     

粉末冶金制备高导热铜基复合材料的研究进展

电子器件芯片功率的不断提高对散热材料的热物理性能提出了更高的要求。将导热性能、力学性能优异的铜作为基体,加入高导热、低膨胀的增强体得到的铜基复合材料,能够兼顾热膨胀系数可调和高热导等特点,是理想的散热材料。重点对近年来以金刚石、石墨烯、石墨、碳纳米管、SiC为增强体的铜基复合材料的研究进展进行综述,并就高导热铜基复合材料目前存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

方钴矿热电材料的研究进展

回顾了熔融法、固相反应法、机械合金化和放电等离子烧结技术等方钴矿热电材料的制备方法及其特点，重点阐述了在方钴矿化合物中固溶F2，Ni等元素，以及在方钴矿化合物中填充碱土或稀土元素对热电性能的改进；同时介绍了低维化对方钴矿化合物的热电传输特性的影响。提出了优化方钴矿化合物热电性能的途径。     

稀土化合物半导体

稀土金属与周期表中Ⅴ族、Ⅵ族元素所形成的一系列化合物,大多具有半导体特性。称为稀土化合物半导体,简称稀土半导体。研究表明,其中许多是有希望的高温热电材料,ScN可望为高迁移率的N型和P型半导体,SmS及其固溶体可望用作光数据存储器。本文对稀土半导体的能带结构、电学特性和材料制备,以及SmS中的半导体—金属转变作了简述。     

铜基预合金粉末制备金刚石锯片的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了不同铜铁配比（质量比:45:35、50:30、55:25）的铜基预合金粉末,利用真空热压法烧结得到含金刚石的铜基结合剂刀头,通过激光焊接的方法制备出铜基结合剂金刚石锯片,研究了铜基预合金粉末中铜铁含量（质量分数）对金刚石锯片性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜观察锯片断面的显微组织形貌,并测量不同铜铁含量锯片的硬度和磨损量。结果表明:在三种配比中,当铜和铁质量比为50:30时,铜基结合剂与金刚石间的结合最佳,锯片性能最好,硬度最高（HRB 118）,锯片的磨损量最少（1.16 g）。     

直径400mm金刚石锯片的胎体材料研究

研究了直径４００ｍｍ金刚石锯片的胎体材料和制造工艺，获得了具有良好综合力学性能的铁铜基胎体，同时得到适合切割太行红花岗石的直径４００ｍｍ的铁铜基金刚石锯片。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物Nd1-xSrxFeO3-δ的电输运性能

用固相反应法合成了钙钛矿型复合氧化物Nd1-xSrxFeO3-δ(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)样品,对各样品作了结构分析,对x=0.4样品作了热重分析,测试了各样品在不同温度下的直流电导率,给出了活化能,分析了材料的电输运机理.结果表明,所有样品都呈类钙钛矿结构,在低温段,载流子具有p型小极化子导电特征.对于这种电输运特性,结合材料的失氧规律,给出了合理的解释.     

高强高导石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的研究进展

高强高导材料在其广泛的应用中可以带来更高的工作性能和更低的能耗,一直是材料科学领域的重点研究对象。石墨烯因具有优异的力学性能和良好的导电性能,常被作为理想的第二相增强体引入铜基体提升综合性能。文中论述了石墨烯增强金属基复合材料的研究背景,详细阐述并分析了石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的制备方法,概括了近年来石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的力学性能及导电性能的研究现状,总结与展望了石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的未来发展趋势。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.