热等静压对第三代单晶高温合金微观组织和高温持久性能的影响

以第三代单晶高温合金为研究对象,对比标准热处理和热等静压处理前后合金显微疏松和微观组织的变化,研究热等静压后不同温度固溶处理对微观组织演化规律及消除热等静压后γ′相粗化的影响,并在850℃/586 MPa和1120℃/140 MPa条件下进行持久性能测试。结果表明：与标准固溶热处理相比,经过热等静压处理后的合金共晶相全部溶解于基体中,合金中的缩孔完全闭合,枝晶干和枝晶间处的γ′相粗化长大;经过1280℃高温固溶处理后,枝晶干处粗大γ′相发生部分回溶,但是枝晶间存在大块状的γ′相;当固溶温度为1310℃时,枝晶干和枝晶间处的粗大γ′相完全回溶,并二次析出细小γ′相。对比持久性能发现：在850℃/586 MPa条件下,持久微裂纹主要源于MC碳化物,经热等静压处理后合金的持久寿命均略低于标准热处理样品;在1120℃/140 MPa变形过程中,枝晶干处的TCP相是主要裂纹源,热等静压后的样品持久性与标准热处理样品的相当。     

Ru含量对镍基高温合金铸态及热处理后组织的影响

对3种不同Ru元素含量的新型镍基高温合金铸态、热处理态的组织进行观察,研究了Re元素对合金凝固组织的特征及元素偏析行为的影响。结果表明：随着Ru元素含量（质量分数）的增加,合金γ′相的回熔温度及固相线温度（初熔温度）分别升高和降低,而液相线温度无显著变化;铸态合金组织的枝晶偏析明显,其枝晶干和枝晶间γ′相的尺寸及体积分数均呈下降趋势;铸态合金的主要强化元素的偏析,呈先升高后降低的趋势;经标准热处理后,合金中共晶组织消除,Ru元素含量的增加降低了合金的最高固溶处理温度。     

Si含量对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

通过室温拉伸、高温拉伸,研究了固溶时效态Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金力学性能随Si含量的变化关系; 利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和高分辨投射电镜观察不同Si含量合金峰时效态下的微观组织特征变化。研究结果表明: 合金中Si含量增多,会导致Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金拉伸强度尤其是高温拉伸强度下降; Si含量从0.03%增加到0.20%,合金固溶时效后残余大尺寸第二相粒子(AlFeMnSi)数量增多,合金延伸率明显下降; 当Si含量大于0.10%时,合金基体中开始有β″(MgSi)相析出,影响时效初期析出过程中Mg-Ag团簇的形成,抑制了Ω相的析出,θ'相密度随之增加。     

温度对Co-8.8Al-9.8W-1.5Ta合金γ′相形貌和结构的影响

为了研究温度对Co-8.8Al-9.8W-1.5Ta合金中强化相γ′相形貌结构的影响,利用SEM、XRD、TEM等表征手段,对不同固溶温度下制备的合金Co-8.8Al-9.8W-1.5Ta中强化相γ′-Co3(Al,W)相的形貌以及结构进行研究。结果表明:不同温度下制备的合金析出物相相同,主要包括γ-Co、γ′-Co3(Al,W)、Co3Ta和CoCx相;合金的制备温度不影响其物相组成,但对合金强化相的形貌有很大的影响。制备温度为1300℃时,合金中γ′相的组织形貌保持高度立方状,温度过高或过低时都使γ′相形貌偏向于圆形;固溶温度会影响合金中晶体取向和Ta元素的分布。固溶温度为1300℃时,γ′-Co3(Al,W)相中Al和W的原子比趋向于1,而温度过高或过低时,都会加大W在γ′-Co3(Al,W)相中的原子占比,并且Ta元素主要分布在强化相γ′上。     

一种高Mg含量Al-Cu-Li合金的力学性能与微观组织演化

研究了2060铝锂合金2 mm薄板的T8态时效时力学性能和微观组织演化.研究结果表明,2060铝锂合金有较强的时效响应及良好的强韧性配合性,2060铝锂合金T 8态时效析出相有θ′相、T1相和S′相.在整个时效过程中(0～140 h),T1相析出数量最多.时效0～100 h区间内,T1相及θ′相析出密度时效时间的延长而增大;时效100 h后,θ′相析出密度降低,但T1及θ′相的尺寸均增加,而S′相析出密度在整个时效过程中持续增加.     

固溶和时效处理对铸造Mg-7.5Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金动态冲击行为的影响

本研究采用金相观察、扫描电镜观察、能谱分析、X射线衍射、硬度测试以及分离式霍普金森压杆等手段,探究了经固溶和时效处理后Mg-7.5Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金在室温条件下的动态冲击行为。结果表明：固溶态和时效态合金均表现出优异的抗冲击性能,固溶态合金在应变速率为3649s-1时合金抗压强度最高为507MPa;时效处理的合金,在4079s-1高应变速率下表现出了574.5MPa超高的抗压强度。固溶态合金随着应变速率的增加,动态析出相明显增多,合金性能明显提升,动态析出粒子与方块状富稀土粒子协调作用阻碍了位错运动,使合金保持优良的抗冲击性能。较固溶态合金而言,时效态合金动态析出相体积分数减少,随着应变速率的增大,动态析出也呈现减少的趋势,在高应变速率4079s-1时未观察到动态析出粒子。因此,时效态样品在变形过程中,纳米析出相是影响合金性能的主要因素,随着应变速率的增加,纳米析出相作用更加突出。     

Zr元素对铁道机车用铜合金组织与性能的影响

采用金相光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和维氏硬度计、拉伸试验机、电导率测试仪等分析和测试手段,对比分析了Cu-Cr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr合金的显微组织、硬度、拉伸性能和导电性能等。结果表明,固溶态Cu-Cr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr合金的平均晶粒尺寸分别为198.6 μm和100.3 μm,添加适量Zr有助于细化铜合金的晶粒;时效态Cu-Cr-Zr合金中同时存在未溶的尺寸约1~2 μm的颗粒状富Cr相和时效析出的尺寸约0.6 μm的球形富Cr相;在Cu-Cr合金中添加Zr元素有助于改善富Cr相的存在形式,使得短棒状富Cr相向球形富Cr相转变,且球形富Cr相尺寸有所减小。冷轧态和时效态Cu-Cr-Zr合金的抗拉强度都分别高于冷轧态和时效态Cu-Cr合金,添加Zr元素有助于提升时效态Cu-Cr合金的强塑性和电导率,且时效处理后Cu-Cr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr合金的强塑性和电导率会进一步提升,这主要与Zr元素的添加有助于细化晶粒、改善富Cr相的存在形式和析出细小球形析出相有关。     

固溶和时效处理对铝热法制备Cu-Ti合金组织和性能的影响

Cu-Ti合金作为导电弹簧,互联接插件等重要元器件的制备材料,其大规模工业制备方法和热处理工艺仍是当前铜合金领域亟需开发和推进的重点。本文采用具有工艺简单、环保节能、成本低廉等优点的铝热法制备了Ti含量分别为1.0 wt.%、4.5 wt.%、10.0 wt.%,即成分区间较大的Cu-Ti合金,且进一步采用固溶和时效处理来调控合金的综合性能。结果表明时效态的Cu-1.0 wt.%Ti和Cu-4.5 wt.%Ti合金中Ti元素主要呈固溶状态,只有非常少量尺寸较小的析出相,而Cu-10.0 wt.%Ti合金中存在大量尺寸较大的Cu4Ti相析出。随着Ti含量的增加,合金的导电率有明显降低的趋势,而硬度和强度则呈现与之相反的趋势。对于成分相同的合金,相较于固溶状态,时效后导电率先略微下降然后上升,450 °C时效4 h后,三个成分合金的导电率均高于固溶态合金;450 °C时效2 h后,Cu-1.0 wt.%Ti和Cu-4.5 wt.%Ti合金均获得了硬度、强度和延伸率的最大值,Cu-10.0 wt.%Ti合金的硬度和延伸率也获得了极大值,其屈服强度和抗拉强度则是随着时效时间呈略微下降的趋势。     

热挤压和热处理对Mg_(95)Y_4Zn_1合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用热挤压、固溶和时效对Mg_(95)Y_4Zn_1合金进行处理,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电子万能试验机研究合金的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明,铸态合金由α-Mg基体、网状18R-LPSO相和块状M_(24)Y_5相组成,在α-Mg相内存在大量堆垛层错。热挤压后,网状第二相破碎,18R相呈带状沿挤压方向排列,同时α-Mg基体内析出少量14H-LPSO层片。经固溶处理,14H层片的尺寸和数量显著增多。时效处理后,在α-Mg相内部析出大量的β'共格沉淀。与铸态合金相比,挤压态合金的强度显著升高。由于β'沉淀相的析出,时效态合金的强度达到最高,其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为372 MPa和248 MPa。     

Al-0.8Mg-0.66Si-0.3Cu合金固溶时效特性的研究

通过力学性能测试及组织观察系统研究了热处理工艺参数及方式对Al-0.8Mg- 0.66Si-0.3Cu合金组织及性能的影响作用。结果表明：随着时效时间的增加,合金的硬度值先增大,达到峰值后合金进入过时效阶段,硬度值逐渐减小;在200℃高温时效时,有双峰现象出现,这主要是与θ′相的析出有关;合金较适宜的固溶-时效制度为520℃?50 min固溶水淬、200℃?1h 时效;通过三种强化工艺结果比较可知,合金经固溶时效、冷轧后二次时效后获得最佳的室温力学性能,即抗拉强度、延伸率分别可达392MPa、11.60%。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

正~~     

矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586