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为了探究麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白不同配比对高水分组织蛋白品质的影响,研究将谷朊粉中的麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白进行提取后按比例重组,替代挤压配方中的谷朊粉,分析麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白不同配比下挤压混料的流变学特性及高水分组织蛋白品质的变化规律。结果表明:随着谷醇比的减小,挤出过程中物料的流动性增强;挤压产品的色泽变亮,持水性、硬度和咀嚼性降低,横向剪切力、拉伸距离和组织化度显著升高(P<0.05)。当提取出的麦谷蛋白和麦醇溶蛋白配比为20∶80时,产品的品质最优。麦谷蛋白对产品结构的支撑具有重要作用,麦醇溶蛋白有利于产品纤维结构的形成。 相似文献
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为改善果糖因其强吸湿性而导致的结块和潮解现象,通过绘制吸湿曲线,吸湿等温线,宏观形态分析,接触角测定以及低场核磁等表征手段,考察谷朊粉(Wheat Gluten,WG)添加量对果糖冻干品吸湿特性的影响,并比较了谷朊粉中两种主要成分:麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白的作用差异。结果表明,谷朊粉显著降低了冻干果糖样品的平衡吸湿率(Equilibrium Moisture Content,EMC),在25 ℃、75%相对湿度下果糖与谷朊粉比例为10:0、3:7、2:8的EMC分别为36.33%、16.00%、14.61%;随着谷朊粉比例的增加,样品的结块程度减弱,接触角由11.3 °增大到94.8 °。Peleg模型可以准确描述果糖-蛋白体系的水分吸附过程;相较于麦醇溶蛋白,添加麦谷蛋白的样品EMC更低,结块量更小,且麦谷蛋白的接触角(88.2 °)大于麦醇溶蛋白(64.6 °);低场核磁结果显示,与麦醇溶蛋白相比,麦谷蛋白对降低水分自由度产生了更有效的影响。以上结果表明,谷朊粉及其主要组分对果糖的吸湿有显著的抑制作用,相较于麦醇溶蛋白,麦谷蛋白抑湿效果更突出。 相似文献
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马铃薯雪花全粉-小麦复合粉面包的烘焙品质优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以面包的比容、硬度、弹性及感官评价作为评价指标,以综合评分为响应值,利用响应面优化法研究了马铃薯雪花全粉、谷朊粉及谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)对小麦面包烘焙品质的影响。结果表明,15%(质量分数)及以上的马铃薯雪花全粉对面包的比容、质地及感官品质均有显著的负面影响,而谷朊粉、TG酶对这种恶化现象均有显著的改善作用。通过响应面分析得到最佳工艺参数为,添加马铃薯雪花粉26%(质量分数),谷朊粉2. 0%(质量分数)、TG酶0. 13%(质量分数),此时面包的综合评分最高,改善了面包品质。该研究为马铃薯雪花粉在面包及其他面制食品中的利用提供了实践指导。 相似文献
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竹笋含有丰富的营养成分。为了探讨竹笋粉对面团和面包品质影响,该研究把竹笋粉以不同添加量(0%、3%、5%、7%,m/m)加入到小麦粉中制作成面包,对面团面筋蛋白、面包色泽、感官、质构特性和贮藏性进行测定。结果表明:随着竹笋粉添加量的增加,面团面筋蛋白含量降低,面包硬度和咀嚼性均提高。低剂量竹笋粉的添加(3%~5%)对面团的pH值和面筋含量影响不显著(P>0.05),但添加量为7%时湿面筋含量相对下降了9.87%,影响显著。竹笋粉添加与面包的比容和失水率呈负相关,空白组、添加量3%、5%、7%(m/m)的失水率分别为2.45%、2.09%、2.17%、1.77%,其硬度、胶着性、弹性以及咀嚼性变化显著(P<0.05),对内聚性、回复性影响不显著(P>0.05)。添加竹笋粉(3%~5%)可以提升面包的色泽,使面包具清香风味,但7%的添加量使面包的色泽过深,气味较浓。说明低剂量(3%~5%)的竹笋粉添加制备面包,可提升面包咀嚼感,亮色、丰富其营养成分,还起到延缓面包老化作用。 相似文献
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Herbert Wieser 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1998,207(2):128-132
Immunochemical methods are recommended for the quantitation of small amounts of gluten in food produced for those with coeliac
disease. A major problem, however, is the reduced extractability of gliadin, the toxic factor of gluten, with aqueous alcohol,
when foods have been heat-processed. A combined extraction/HPLC procedure was used to study the extractability of all gluten
protein types from wheat flour and bread under both non-reducing and reducing conditions. Gliadin isolated from wheat flour
was used as a reference protein for quantitation. The results indicate that the extractability of gliadin from bread with
60% ethanol under non-reducing conditions is strongly reduced. α- and γ-gliadins are much more affected than ω-gliadins, and
less gliadin was extracted from the crust than from the crumb. For a complete extraction of gliadins from bread, reducing
conditions and increased temperature are required. However, glutenin subunits are coextracted with the gliadins. This extract
can be used for the quantitation of total gluten proteins by RP-HPLC. The recovery of gliadin added to flour before dough-mixing
and bread-making is 98%.
Received: 16 February 1998 相似文献
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Herbert Wieser 《European Food Research and Technology》1998,207(2):128-132
Immunochemical methods are recommended for the quantitation of small amounts of gluten in food produced for those with coeliac
disease. A major problem, however, is the reduced extractability of gliadin, the toxic factor of gluten, with aqueous alcohol,
when foods have been heat-processed. A combined extraction/HPLC procedure was used to study the extractability of all gluten
protein types from wheat flour and bread under both non-reducing and reducing conditions. Gliadin isolated from wheat flour
was used as a reference protein for quantitation. The results indicate that the extractability of gliadin from bread with
60% ethanol under non-reducing conditions is strongly reduced. α- and γ-gliadins are much more affected than ω-gliadins, and
less gliadin was extracted from the crust than from the crumb. For a complete extraction of gliadins from bread, reducing
conditions and increased temperature are required. However, glutenin subunits are coextracted with the gliadins. This extract
can be used for the quantitation of total gluten proteins by RP-HPLC. The recovery of gliadin added to flour before dough-mixing
and bread-making is 98%.
Received: 16 February 1998 相似文献
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以添加量为0、30、40、50、60和70 g的木薯全粉替代高筋小麦粉制作馒头,研究木薯全粉对小麦粉糊化特性、发酵特性以及对馒头高径比、比容、质构及综合感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着木薯全粉添加量的增加,小麦粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和崩解值不断增加,最终黏度和回生值呈先降低后升高,糊化温度和峰值时间呈减小趋势;面团最大发酵高度、终点发酵高度呈减小趋势,发酵时间延长;馒头高径比和比容减小、硬度和咀嚼性增大;感官评分结果显示木薯全粉添加量在40 g以内与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),故确定木薯全粉最佳添加量为40 g。进一步研究了谷朊粉对木薯全粉添加量为60和70 g馒头品质的改良效果,得到添加6%谷朊粉可显著提高馒头的高径比和比容值(P<0.05),同时显著降低其硬度和咀嚼性(P<0.05),此时60和70 g高占比木薯馒头感官评分分别为70.86和70.18分,与木薯全粉添加量40~50 g的馒头品质相当。 相似文献
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利用体积仪、质构仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱分别测定馒头比容、质构特性与面筋蛋白二级结构,探究发酵时间对馒头品质及面筋蛋白结构的影响。结果表明:馒头中醇溶蛋白与麦谷蛋白中β-折叠含量均为最高。随着发酵时间的不断延长,醇溶蛋白中β-折叠、α-螺旋相对含量无显著性变化,无规则卷曲逐渐减少,而β-转角则逐渐增加;羟基吸收带逐渐增强,醇溶蛋白的水合作用增强。麦谷蛋白中α-螺旋与无规则卷曲相对含量变化不大,β-折叠相对含量先上升后下降,而β-转角相对含量则是先下降后上升;羟基带强度逐渐减弱;当发酵时间延长到80?min时,麦谷蛋白红外光谱位于1?082?cm-1与1?155?cm-1处的峰消失,可能是蛋白质环状结构的C—C振动减弱。 相似文献
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为探究醇溶蛋白对馒头面团特性的影响,在特一粉中分别加入提取出的醇溶蛋白亚组分(gli8、gli9、gli10、gli11、gli15),分析五种亚组分对馒头面团面筋指数、湿面筋含量、拉伸特性、游离巯基含量、醒发过程中对馒头坯的高和径变化的影响。结果表明,添加gli8的未醒发馒头面团的拉伸断裂力为127.92 g,是对照组的1.52倍;拉伸距离也与对照组相差最大,是对照组的76.89%。添加gli9对面团特性相比于其他亚组分没有显著性影响(p>0.05)。添加gli10对面团的游离巯基含量影响最大,为2.48 μmol/g,是对照组的1.17倍。添加gli11的馒头面团的面筋指数相比于对照组有显著性减小(p<0.05),为10.15%,是对照组的52.12%,但湿面筋含量高于对照组。添加gli15也使面团的面筋指数显著性减小(p<0.05),使醒发后的馒头面团拉伸距离显著性增大(p<0.05)。在醒发过程中,添加gli8和gli15使馒头坯径度变化受到了一定的抑制;添加gli9、gli10和gli11使馒头坯的高度变化受到一定的抑制。由此得出,不同的醇溶蛋白亚组分对面团特性的影响有着明显的不同。 相似文献
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The effects of different konjac glucomannan (KGM) concentrations (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, w/w) on the thermal and microscopic properties of the frozen wheat gluten, glutenin and gliadin were investigated in this study. KGM exerted a positive effect on the denaturation temperature and denaturation enthalpy of frozen gluten and gliadin, while KGM decreased those of frozen glutenin. Such effects induced by KGM were resulted from the interaction between KGM and frozen wheat gluten, glutenin and gliadin. The underlying mechanism was discussed from the perspective of protein structure. Specifically, the addition of KGM increased the α-helix structure of frozen gluten and gliadin, while decreased the α-helix of frozen glutenin. Furthermore, β-turn of frozen gluten and gliadin presented a decreasing trend with increasing amount of KGM. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that there was stronger interaction between wheat protein and KGM. These results provide fundamental knowledge for better application of KGM in frozen protein-based foods. 相似文献