酶促油酸乙酯与棕榈硬脂酯交换合成OPO工艺研究

1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)是人乳脂中重要组成部分,能促进婴儿对脂肪酸的吸收利用。以高油酸花生油脂肪酸乙酯(以下简称油酸乙酯)和棕榈硬脂为原料,在Novozym40086脂肪酶的催化作用下酯交换合成OPO。在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面法对酶法合成OPO的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:酶法合成OPO的最佳反应条件为油酸乙酯与棕榈硬脂摩尔比6∶1、反应时间1 h、反应温度60℃、加酶量8%(以底物总质量计),在该条件下合成的产物甘三酯中OPO含量、2位棕榈酸占所有棕榈酸含量以及PPP含量分别为(46. 30±0. 03)%、(60. 70±0. 23)%、(5. 67±0. 30)%。产品指标均满足GB 30604—2015的规定。     

酶法合成1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯结构脂的研究

在Lipozyme RM IM脂肪酶的催化作用下,将分提后的棕榈硬脂与油酸和亚油酸反应,通过酶法酸解合成富含1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(OPL)的结构脂,通过单因素实验对酶法合成反应条件进行了优化。结果表明,合成OPL结构脂的最优反应条件为:棕榈硬脂、油酸、亚油酸摩尔比1∶7∶7,酶添加量8%,反应温度60℃,反应时间6 h。在最优条件下,进行50倍放大实验,合成产物中OPL和sn-2位棕榈酸的含量分别为48.37%和84.70%。     

酶法催化酸解合成富含OPO的人乳替代脂

在无溶剂体系下,以棕榈硬脂和油酸为原料,sn-1,3位特异性脂肪酶为催化剂,合成富含OPO的人乳替代脂。采用单因素实验对反应条件进行优化,并采用高效液相色谱与气相色谱对反应产物的甘油三酯和sn-2位脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:酶法催化酸解反应的优化条件为反应时间4 h、底物摩尔比1∶10、反应温度60℃、脂肪酶NS40086用量12%;在优化条件下,所得产品的OPO含量可达72.53%,sn-2位棕榈酸含量为87.03%。     

改性巴沙鲶鱼油制备1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯的研究

以巴沙鲶鱼油为原料采用酶法酸解制备1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)。首先将巴沙鲶鱼油在30℃下分提,富集鲶鱼油中富含sn-2棕榈酸的部分,再以sn-1,3位选择性脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM为催化剂,以高油酸葵花籽油脂肪酸为酰基供体,在填充床反应器中酸解鲶鱼油分提物,制备得到富含OPO的产品。酸解反应的优化条件为:停留时间1 h,鱼油与脂肪酸的比值1∶6(摩尔比),反应温度50℃,水分含量3.5 wt%。在此条件下,所得产品的sn-2棕榈酸含量为57.8%,sn-1,3油酸含量为78.7%。     

新型固定化Aspergillus oryzae脂肪酶催化合成1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

旨在评价自制固定化sn-1,3专一性脂肪酶Aspergillus oryzae L03(AOL)替代商业固定化脂肪酶酸解法合成1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol,OPO)的可行性。以棕榈硬脂和油酸为原料,在正己烷体系中,得到AOL最适反应参数为:反应温度55℃,反应时间1 h,棕榈硬脂和油酸的底物摩尔比为1∶8,正己烷与底物混合物质量比1∶6,AOL水分含量3.5%(w/w)。该条件下,OPO含量44.9%,三棕榈酸甘油酯(PPP)含量为3.23%,sn-2位棕榈酸占所有棕榈酸比例为68.86%,符合国家标准。同时,AOL和LipozymeRM IM、LipozymeTL IM两种商品酶对比,AOL的催化速率最快,1 h达到最大OPO生产峰值。经过8次循环使用,AOL具有良好的操作稳定性。研究表明,自制的新型廉价固定化酶AOL具有良好的应用前景。     

葵花籽油基低热量油脂的酯交换法制备工艺

以三乙酸甘油酯、山嵛酸甲酯以及葵花籽油为原料,采用两步酯交换合成葵花籽油基低热量油脂。第一步为三山嵛酸甘油酯的化学酯交换合成及其分离纯化,第二步为葵花籽油基低热量油脂的酶法合成。通过试验优化,得到化学酯交换的最佳条件为：甲醇钠用量0.4%、反应温度80℃、反应时间60min、底物摩尔比3.2∶1,所得三山嵛酸甘油酯含量可达71.6%;三山嵛酸甘油酯的最佳纯化工艺为：重结晶温度30℃、养晶时间20min、料液比1∶12、重结晶次数3次,纯化后三山嵛酸甘油酯含量大于90.86%;酶法酯交换达到平衡的最佳条件为：脂肪酶用量8%、反应温度70℃、反应3h,所得产物在40℃时的固体脂肪含量（SFC）为4.6。     

1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯的干法分提富集工艺优化

为提高1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)的含量,以化学酯交换联合酶法酸解反应制备的OPO为原料,采用单因素实验和正交实验考察干法分提条件(结晶温度、冷却速率、养晶时间)对OPO含量及提升率、sn-2位棕榈酸(PA)占总PA含量及提升率和分提液油得率的影响,确定干法分提的最优工艺条件。结果表明,干法分提的最优工艺条件为结晶温度6℃、冷却速率4℃/h、养晶时间3 h,在此条件下OPO含量为(38.84±0.39)%,OPO含量提升率为(46.07±1.47)%,sn-2位PA占总PA含量为(91.08±0.16)%,sn-2位PA占总PA含量提升率为(47.61±0.25)%,分提液油得率为(31.26±0.34)%。综上,通过干法分提可以获得OPO纯度更高的甘油三酯。     

高油酸花生油酶促酯交换制备1,3-二棕榈酸-2-油酸甘油三酯

旨在为可可脂生产提供新的基料油,同时为高油酸花生油的高值化利用提供研究基础,以高油酸花生油和棕榈酸乙酯为原料,脂肪酶NS40086为催化剂,在无溶剂体系下酶法合成1,3-二棕榈酸-2-油酸甘油三酯(POP)。采用单因素实验研究反应条件对POP含量、酰基位移、sn-2位油酸相对含量的影响,并采用响应面法进行优化。结果表明：高油酸花生油酶促酯交换制备POP的最佳反应条件为反应时间3 h、底物(棕榈酸乙酯与高油酸花生油)物质的量比11∶1、酶添加量(以底物总质量计)3%、反应温度50℃,在此条件下POP含量为86.48%,酰基位移为3.25%,sn-2位油酸相对含量为72.88%。     

酶促酸解制备1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸 甘油三酯

以棕榈硬脂为原料富集高纯度三棕榈酸甘油三酯，以米糠油水解的游离脂肪酸为酰基供体，在脂肪酶的作用下采用一步酸解法制备1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯（OPL），在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验对OPL制备工艺条件进行优化。结果表明，OPL最佳制备工艺条件为：以Lipozyme RM IM为催化用酶，反应温度60 ℃，加酶量为底物总质量的10%，三棕榈酸甘油三酯与游离脂肪酸摩尔比1∶ 10，反应时间4 h。在最佳条件下，产物中棕榈酸分布在sn-2位的含量为52.02%，油酸和亚油酸分布在sn-1,3位的含量分别为33.21%和26.60%，推测产物中主要为OPL。     

酶法催化生产1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)是母乳脂肪中甘油三酯的重要组成成分,可有效改善和保证棕榈酸在婴幼儿体内的吸收和利用。本文对其脂肪酶催化生产进行了简单探索,以三棕榈酸甘油酯(PPP)和油酸(OA)为底物,通过1,3-特异性脂肪酶RMIM催化的酸解反应成功制备了1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯。经单因素优化后最佳反应条件为:PPP与油酸摩尔比1:6,加酶量8%,反应温度50℃,反应时间6 h,反应产物中脂肪酸组成为:油酸54.86%,sn-2位棕榈酸含量为87.64%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press