Mg(BH4)2对典型硝胺炸药热分解性能的影响

为探索硼氢化镁(Mg(BH₄)₂)对硝胺炸药热稳定性的影响,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Mg(BH₄)₂/黑索今(RDX)、Mg(BH₄)₂/奥克托金(HMX)和Mg(BH₄)₂/六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)3种混合物的热分解性能,并采用同步热分析-红外连用技术(TG-FTIR)分析了3种混合物的热分解气相产物。结果表明：Mg(BH₄)₂对3种硝铵炸药的热分解和表观活化能产生了不同的影响,使RDX和CL-20分解放热量分别增加了14.7%和32.1%,HMX的分解放热量减少了45.8%;RDX的表观活化能降低了15.8 kJ·mol^-1,HMX和CL-20的表观活化能分别提高了19.7 kJ·mol^-1和11.5 kJ·mol^-1。Mg(BH₄)₂没...     

NC/F2602/RDX复合微球悬浮组装成型及其性能研究

为了提升RDX基PBX造型粉的包覆效果和质量一致性，采用膜乳化技术制备出乳滴直径均一的水包油型粘结剂(NC/F₂₆₀₂)乳液，将超细RDX颗粒悬浮于乳液体系中，通过驱除乳滴中的溶剂，实现NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX含能微球的悬浮组装成型。对样品形貌、粒度分布、晶型和热分解性能进行表征，并对不同样品的撞击感度进行测试。结果表明：NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX复合物呈球状，包覆致密且粒度分布较窄，晶型未发生改变。相比超细RDX,NC/F₂₆₀₂/RDX复合微球的表观活化能由162.25k J·mol^-1升至165.98k J·mol^-1，热爆炸临界温度仅降低了0.01℃；复合微球的撞击安全性显著改善，特性落高H₅₀由47.3cm升至62.5cm。     

FOX-7及含FOX-7的HTPB推进剂安全性能

采用DSC-TG热分析联用仪和感度测试仪对比研究了1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)和黑索今(RDX)及含FOX-7(RDX)的HTPB推进剂的多种感度。结果表明,FOX-7的热解活化能为245.2 kJ.mol-1,分解放热峰温为222.13℃,摩擦感度不高于68%,落锤撞击感度大于25.0 J。同比含RDX的HTPB推进剂配方,含FOX-7的HTPB推进剂的机械感度(摩擦、撞击)和静电火花感度显著降低,当FOX-7的含量为15%时,HTPB/AP推进剂中高氯酸铵(AP)的热分解剧烈程度已显著弱化,推进剂的主要分解放热峰温在260℃左右,与RDX/HTPB推进剂相比,该温度前移了近40℃。     

新型四唑-5-甲酰肼高氯酸镍高氮含能配合物的合成与性能

寻找绿色低毒的无铅起爆药一直是含能材料的重要研究方向，本研究以1H-四唑-5-甲酸乙酯为原料通过肼解反应、配位反应合成了新型四唑类配体1H-四唑-5-甲酰肼(TZCA)及其高氯酸镍配合物Ni(TZCA)₂(ClO₄)₂(ECCs-1)，通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱、核磁、元素分析、热重及同步热分析仪对其进行了结构表征和热分解性能测试；采用氧弹量热法测试了ECCs-1的燃烧热并采用盖斯定律和K-J方程预测了其爆轰性能；采用BAM方法测试了ECCs-1的感度；烤燃实验和铅板测试表征其起爆性能。结果表明，TZCA密度为1.83 g·cm^-3，单斜晶系，C2/c空间群，堆积方式为V型交错堆积，ECCs-1粉末密度为1.90 g·cm^-3，撞击感度为17 J，摩擦感度为72 N，热分解温度为336℃，其热分解反应活化能为183.3 kJ·mol^-1，热爆炸临界温度为309.8℃，活化熵为46.745 J·K^-1·mol^-1     

喷雾干燥法中溶剂对RDX颗粒形貌和性能的影响

采用喷雾干燥法制备微米级球形黑索今(RDX)。研究了乙酸甲酯、乙腈、丙酮、丁酮4种低沸点溶剂对制备的RDX颗粒形貌和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了所得RDX颗粒的形貌和热分解特性,并测试了其撞击感度。结果表明:喷雾干燥法制备的RDX粒径为1~5m,其中以丁酮为溶剂喷雾干燥制备的RDX颗粒形貌最好,颗粒形状均为球形,分μ散均匀,颗粒表面光滑并且缺陷较少;与原料RDX相比,喷雾干燥法制备的RDX颗粒的撞击感度均明显降低,特性落高较原料RDX提高了2倍以上;热分析结果表明,喷雾干燥法制备的球形RDX热分解的表观活化能(E)和热爆炸临界温度(Tb)均有所降低,其中以乙酸甲酯为溶剂喷雾干燥制备的RDX的E和Tb分别降低了33.35kJ·mol-1和7.77℃。     

GAP/NC基发射药的不敏感性能

低敏感发射药的研究对于提高武器系统的生存能力和安全性能有重要的意义。以硝化棉(NC)和低感聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)为黏结剂、低感N-丁基硝氧乙基酰胺(Bu-NENA)为含能增塑剂、黑索今(RDX)为高能填料,石墨为导热助剂,制备了一种发射药(IM发射药)。对其理化、燃烧、力学和感度性能进行研究,通过慢速烤燃、快速烤燃、子弹撞击、破片撞击以及殉爆试验对该IM发射药的不敏感性能进行评估。结果表明,该IM发射药在定容燃烧下燃烧过程稳定,实测火药力为1050 kJ·kg^-1,理论爆温为2677 K;-40℃下抗冲击强度和抗压强度分别为8.2 kJ·m^-2和131.5 MPa;与太根发射药的感度相比(H₅₀=16.33 cm,P=100%,V₅₀=2.02 kV),IM发射药的撞击(H₅₀=62.62 cm)、摩擦(P=28%)和静电感度(V₅₀=1.95 kV)有明显降低;IM发射药在慢速烤燃、快速烤燃、子弹撞击、破片撞击以及殉爆试验中均未发生爆燃或爆炸,只发生...     

甲基肼热分解的动力学特性及热安全性

为了评估甲基肼液体推进剂在生产、贮存、运输以及使用过程中的热安全,借助差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了甲基肼的热分解特性和热安全性,分别计算了甲基肼的动力学、热力学和热安全性参数,并获得了半径为1 m的球形甲基肼液体推进剂在不同超临界环境温度下的热爆炸延滞期,基于等转化率法使用AKTS软件进一步计算得到了甲基肼的绝热诱导期以及自加速分解温度。结果表明:甲基肼的热分解过程只有一个较强的放热峰,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到甲基肼的活化能值分别为159.13 kJ·mol^-1和158.89 kJ·mol^-1,自加速分解温度为451.53 K,热爆炸临界温度为469.55 K,热力学参数活化熵(ΔS^≠)、活化焓(ΔH^≠)和吉布斯活化自由能(ΔG^≠)分别为73.93 J·mol^-1,155.32 kJ·mol^-1和121.46 kJ·mol^-1;使用AKTS软件计算得到8、24 h和168 h绝热诱导期对应的温度分别为429.55,424.05 K和414.95 K;包装质量分别为5,25,50 kg和100 kg时,甲基肼的自加速分解温度依次为415.15,414.15,413.15 K和412.15 K。研究结果为评价甲基肼在生产、储运和使用过程中的热安全性提供了必要的理论基础。     

RDX基复合含能微球的制备及表征

以硝化棉(NC)为粘结剂、黑索今(RDX)为主体炸药,采用喷雾干燥法制备了RDX/NC超细复合含能微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了表征及热分析,并与RDX原料进行了对比;对喷雾干燥法细化的RDX/NC和RDX、水悬浮法包覆的RDX/NC、溶剂非溶剂法细化的RDX、RDX原料的撞击感度分别进行了测试。结果表明,RDX/NC复合含能粒子与RDX原料相比,形貌从块状变为球形,粒径从50~200μm减小至0.5~7μm,晶型无变化,但X射线衍射峰明显弱化,活化能从200.11kJ·mol-1降至186.87kJ·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度从504.98K升至507.70K。喷雾干燥细化、球形化和复合的RDX/NC球形粒子的撞击感度降低显著。     

高致密球形RDX基浇注炸药的性能

为探索高致密球形黑索今(H-RDX)与普通黑索今(RDX)对浇注炸药性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等对两者的晶体形貌、热稳定性及机械感度进行评估;同时以典型浇注配方为例,探讨RDX类别对药浆黏度、药柱密度、爆速和冲击波感度的影响规律。结果表明:H-RDX表面光滑,晶体缺陷少,球形度高;与普通RDX相比,H-RDX的热分解表观活化能Ea和活化焓ΔH分别高10.79 kJ·mol^-1和10.81 kJ·mol^-1,撞击和摩擦感度分别降低20%和8%;相同配方下药浆黏度降低41%~45%,药柱密度提高0.6%~3.9%,爆速提高1%~3%,冲击波感度降低10%~14%,表现出更优的工艺性能、爆轰性能及安全性能。     

3，5-二氨基-4-硝基吡唑五唑新型含能离子盐合成和性能

以五唑钠盐为原料,与3,5?二氨基?4?硝基吡唑盐酸盐进行复分解反应合成了一种新型五唑非金属盐——3,5?二氨基?4?硝基吡唑五唑盐(3),并采用核磁共振(NMR)、X?射线单晶衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(IR)和元素分析(EA)等分析手段对化合物3进行结构表征;利用差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重(TG)方法研究了化合物3的热分解过程,其初始分解温度为119.5℃,优于DABTT₂⁺(N₅^-)₂、GU⁺N₅^-和AG⁺N₅^-等大部分的五唑非金属盐,并采用Kissinger和Ozawa方法计算其表观活化能;基于实测密度(1.71 g·cm^-3和计算生成焓(503.3 kJ·mol^-1),采用Explo5 V6.05.02软件计算化合物3的爆速和爆压分别为8483 m·s^-1和26.4 GPa;采用BAM法测得化合物3的撞击感度和摩擦感度分别为10 J和216 N。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.