纤维素、半纤维素与木质素间相互作用研究进展

纤维素、半纤维素和木质素是木质纤维生物质细胞壁中的3种主要组分,其通过复杂的相互作用形成超分子网络结构,使木质纤维生物质具有优异的机械性能及抵抗物理、化学和微生物降解的能力,同时也导致生物质预处理和组分分离困难。本文总结了近年来关于纤维素、半纤维素与木质素间相互作用的研究进展,重点介绍了木质素与半纤维素之间的共价键、范德华力和静电作用等,以期在原子-分子水平上充分认识和了解细胞壁结构,为通过基因工程合成易降解的木质纤维原料,或寻找清洁高效的生物质精炼技术提供一定的理论指导。     

木质生物质精炼预处理技术研究进展

木质生物质不仅可应用于制浆造纸工业,也可替代有限的石化资源用于生产化学品、合成材料和再生能源等,然而其结构的复杂性限制了其高效转化.预处理技术作为生物质精炼高效转化的关键步骤,已成为世界各国的研究热点.文章对物理法、化学法、物理-化学法和生物法预处理木质生物质技术的国内外研究进展进行了综述,对相应技术的处理效果进行了分析和总结,对预处理技术的发展及其基于制浆造纸工业相结合的前景进行了展望并提出了建议.     

生物质精炼与制浆造纸

介绍了生物质炼制的概念,以及木质纤维原料生产生物质燃料的工艺和过程,重点介绍了制浆造纸工业与生物质精炼相结合的主要技术。     

DES在木质纤维素类生物质预处理领域的研究进展

预处理是木质纤维素类生物质进行能源转化的重要环节。成本低廉、操作方便、绿色高效的预处理方法对生物质能源转化的产业化发展具有重要的意义。新一代绿色溶剂-低共熔溶剂(DES)近年来受到了广泛的关注,经过DES预处理后生物质的酶解效率得到很大提高,DES表现出优异的预处理性能。本文探讨了DES的组成结构和物化性质,DES对木质纤维生物质三大组分纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的溶解能力,木质纤维素类生物质DES预处理相关研究进展,DES自身物理化学性质对预处理效果的影响,DES在预处理过程中循环回用的方法。最后,对DES预处理木质纤维使其高附加值的资源化利用技术进行了总结和展望,对存在的问题和挑战、大规模工业化应用方面进行了分析。     

基于酶水解的高效生物质乙醇生产过程的预处理技术

介绍了利用木质纤维原料生产乙醇的主要技术,并指出技术先进、低成本的预处理工艺所需达到的关键指标。与用淀粉或糖类生产生物质乙醇相比,用木质纤维原料生产生物质燃料（即第二代生物质乙醇）具有经济和环境方面的优势,但由于木质纤维原料主要组分较为紧密,阻碍了纤维素和半纤维素水解为可发酵糖的进程。预处理的主要目的是提高酶的可及性,从而提高纤维素降解率。每种预处理方法对纤维素、半纤维素和木素都有特定的影响,应根据后续水解和发酵工艺来确定预处理方法和条件。     

基于低共熔溶剂预处理的木质纤维素生物质精炼研究进展

低共熔溶剂(DES)是一种新型的绿色溶剂,具有制备简单、成本低廉、生物相容性好、可循环再生、分子极性强和可设计性等特点,在生物质精炼、催化转化及功能材料构筑等领域展现出良好的应用前景.本文结合DES预处理技术在木质纤维素生物质精炼领域的最新研究报道,重点综述了不同组成和性质的DES采用单独或协同预处理分别对纤维素、半纤...     

基于低共熔溶剂的木质纤维生物质预处理及其高值化利用的研究进展

近年来,低共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvents,DESs)技术在木质纤维素原料的经济绿色预处理和高值化利用领域发展迅速,展现出良好的应用前景。本文重点综述了DESs在该领域的研究进展,并讨论了DESs在木质纤维生物质预处理和高值转化过程中需要注意的问题及未来发展方向。     

德国发展生物质精炼,促进浆纸等传统行业转型:优势、不足与政策选择

尽管生物质精炼概念在德国已发展了多年,但许多相关的技术发展仍然局限于实验室和中试规模。在技术创新方面,德国林浆纸行业及相关行业发展生物质精炼还存在许多内部和外部的弱点,例如政策不统一、生物质产品市场仍不发达、技术不成熟、网络不完整等。当然,德国在发展生物质经济方面也具有独特的优势,推动了德国木质纤维素生物质精炼的发展。分析德国传统工业发展生物质精炼的优势与不足,可以发现,优势与不足往往是相伴相生的,如果能找准切入点,则会对今后的新兴领域发展提供参考。     

热水预处理对木质纤维素生物质炼制的影响

阐述了热水预处理在木质纤维素生物质炼制过程中的目的与作用。介绍了近年来木质纤维素生物质热水预处理的部分研究成果与进展,并着重总结了热水预处理对木质纤维素生物质化学组分、微观结构和酶水解效率的影响,以期对木质纤维素生物质热水预处理研究和工业化应用提供借鉴。     

生物质转化中预处理技术的研究现状

木质纤维素是一种廉价、丰富的可再生资源,是生产生物燃料和增值化学品的重要原材料,具有巨大的应用前景。在生物质转化过程中需要一种有效的预处理方法来削弱纤维素、半纤维素和木素之间的化学键以提高木质纤维生物质的可消化性。我们对各种预处理方案进行了梳理,包括物理法、化学法、物理化学法、生物法和联合法预处理,并总结了各种方法的优缺点,最后对生物质预处理技术前景进行展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press