新型钒基新能源汽车电池负极合金的制备与性能研究

采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了添加不同含量合金元素Al或Cr的新型钒基新能源汽车电池负极合金V65Ti20Ni15,并进行了显微组织、电化学循环稳定性和耐腐蚀性能的测试与分析.结果 表明,合金元素Al或Cr,有助于改善合金内部组织,提高合金的电化学循环稳定性和耐腐蚀性能;复合添加合金元素Cr和Al的V59Ti20Ni15A...     

Fe2O3对氧化物弥散强化Fe12CrWTiY合金的显微组织和高温拉伸性能的影响

采用气体雾化Fe-12Cr-2.5W-0.4Ti-0.25Y合金粉末,添加1%(质量分数)的Fe2O3作为携氧剂,制备氧化物弥散强化Fe-12Cr-2.5W-0.4Ti-0.25Y高温合金。测定该合金在室温以及550~850℃的高温抗拉强度,采用X射线衍射仪分析合金的物相组成,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察合金的组织和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,添加Fe2O3后,合金晶粒细化,平均晶粒尺寸由8.6μm减小到7.3μm。基体中第二相除纳米尺寸的Ti2Y2O7外,还形成20~200nm和1~10μm两种尺度的Y3Fe5O12、Cr1.3Fe0.7O3和(Cr0.88Ti0.12)2O3等多种复合氧化物,以及宽度分别为200~300nm和5~30 nm的板条组织,室温、550℃和850℃下的抗拉强度分别为1 257、1 108、和128 MPa,比未添加Fe2O3的合金分别提高50.7%,39%和30.6%。添加Fe2O3增加了氧化物的数量,提高了弥散强化效果,但微米尺度氧化物第二相的膨胀系数与基体不同,在高温下与基体的界面产生分离,优先形成裂纹源,降低高温强化效果。     

正火温度对压力容器用钢Q370R组织性能的影响

在压力容器用钢同类产品技术要求、生产工艺调研的基础上,进行Q370R化学成分设计、轧制及正火工艺研究等工作,开展正火温度对试验钢性能、组织等影响研究。添加微合金元素Nb、V、Ti的钢板正火后强度下降,延伸率和冲击功显著提高,随着正火温度的升高,试验钢强度逐渐下降。而添加少量Cr元素轧态和同一正火工艺下钢板的强度均高于不添加Cr元素钢板,延伸率和冲击功值低于不添加Cr元素钢板,同时添加少量Cr元素,吨钢成本会有所增加。正火后组织为细晶粒铁素体和珠光体。综合考虑,试验钢采用添加微合金化元素Nb、V、Ti成分体系,经控制轧制,840～880℃正火后钢板性能满足标准要求。     

抗渗碳新材料研究

研究了在4Cr25Ni35Nb和4Cr35Ni45Nb两个抗渗碳合金中添加微合金化元素Ti、Al、Zr、Ce等对材料高温抗渗碳性能和高温持久性能的影响。结果表明，研制的抗渗碳新材料CHT—1、CHT—2的抗渗碳性能和持久性能均优于4Cr25Ni35WNb，并具有较好的工艺性能，其中Cr35Ni45型材料CHT—2的抗渗碳性能最优。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Nb合金组织及耐磨性研究

借助Nb元素在Cu-Cr-Zr合金中的作用,通过真空感应熔炼结合两步轧制-时效工艺制备Cu-Cr-Zr-Nb合金,并对其组织及耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明：经过两步轧制-时效工艺的合金中存在着大量的位错、纳米析出相和纳米变形孪晶,使合金的强度显著提升。通过Nb元素合金化,在合金中引入了均匀分布的Cr2Nb微米颗粒,同时在合金中存在微米和纳米尺度Cr颗粒,利用微米和纳米颗粒的协同强化使合金的性能提升。针对其耐磨性,铸态合金的摩擦系数在0.6以上,体积磨损量随实验载荷的增加而增加。经过轧制-时效工艺,由于合金强度和硬度的提升,其摩擦系数下降至0.6以下,体积磨损量稳定在0.2 mm3以下,磨损机制主要以粘着磨损和疲劳磨损为主。     

相图分析在二元钼合金中的应用

本文通过二元相图,分析了几种常见元素在钼合金化过程的存在方式,阐述了Fe、Cr、W、Ti和Zr的强化机理,系统地论述了各元素在钼合金的不同工作温度所起的作用。分析表明,在0. 4～0. 7 T熔点温度范围,固溶在钼基体中的Ti、Zr、Fe等元素通过晶格畸变阻碍位错交叉滑移和弥散分布的氧化物第二相通过钉扎亚晶界、晶界,抑制再结晶形核所需的大角晶界的形成,占据再结晶形核位置实现组织强化;在0. 7 T熔点温度以上,主要以提高金属晶格中原子间键合力,进而提高自扩散激活能,获得超高温工作强度,W元素在该途径具有优势。本文利用相图指导钼的合金化方向,且对不同工作温度的钼制品添加元素种类和含量进行精细化配制,可将钼合金根据强化效果应用于不同领域。     

Fe2O3对粉末冶金铁基合金组织和力学性能的影响

在气雾化Fe-12Cr-2.5W-0.4Ti-0.25Y粉末中添加1％(质量分数)的Fe2O3粉末,经过热挤压-轧制-热处理工艺制得铁基合金,研究添加Fe2O3对铁基合金显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明:添加少量Fe2O3粉能促进合金中粒径为200 nm到5μm的富Ti、Y、Cr和O的第二相颗粒形成;第二相颗粒能够显著细...     

Ti和Ag元素添加对Cu-Cr系合金微观组织及力/电性能影响研究

以Cu-0.5Cr和Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Ti-0.1Ag合金为实验材料,研究同时添加Ti和Ag元素对Cu-Cr系合金微观组织及力/电性能的影响。结果表明,Cu-0.5Cr和Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Ti-0.1Ag两种合金在450 ℃×1 h退火时达到峰时效状态,且Ti和Ag元素的加入显著提高了Cu-Cr系合金的硬度,但导电性能有所降低。同时研究了两种合金的高温抗软化行为,发现软化过程伴随着晶粒回复和再结晶,Ti和Ag元素的添加提高了Cu-Cr系合金的再结晶活化能,延缓了软化过程中合金的再结晶过程,使得Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Ti-0.1Ag合金的抗软化温度比Cu-0.5Cr合金提高约25 °C。     

不同合金元素的添加对含Ti微合金高强钢组织性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、能谱分析和拉伸试验等手段,对分别加入Mo、Cr、Nb、Cu等合金元素的含Ti微合金铁素体高强钢组织、析出相和力学性能进行分析,结果表明:铁素体基含Ti微合金高强钢以铁素体为基体,部分微合金钢组织含有极少量粒状贝氏体或珠光体;基体析出粒子尺寸差别较大,大部分尺寸小于10 nm并呈球形、簇状分布,析出物以TiC或(M、Ti)C颗粒为主;5种成分设计的铁素体基含Ti微合金钢均具有良好的室温、高温拉伸性能,550℃拉伸屈服强度均大于380 MPa,为对应室温拉伸屈服强度的63%以上,其中加少量Nb元素的含Ti微合金钢高温和室温屈服强度比最高,达到0.77,具有优异的高温力学性能。     

添加第三组元对机械合金化纳米复合二元互不溶体系合金的影响研究进展

机械合金化制备的具有纳米复合结构的二元互不溶体系合金表现出与其微米尺度结构合金所不同的独特性能。为了进一步提高其综合性能,通常在二元互不溶体系合金中添加第三组元。综述了添加第三组元对机械合金化制备的具有纳米复合结构的二元互不溶体系合金的影响,着重介绍了添加第三组元对二元互不溶体系合金组织结构和性能的影响。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。