空间电荷引起的非线性共振与束晕形成

采用束核－单粒子模型研究强流束中由是电荷引起的非线性共振与束晕形的关系。借助Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ截面技术,对粒子在相空间的运动进行数值分析。从束核包缝振荡的两个本征模出发,推志得到强流束中非线性共振范围随束流空间电荷效应化变化的表达式,以及由非线性共振而激发的束晕形成的空间电荷极限的形式,并给出相应的结果。     

强流质子直线加速器中束晕现象研究

从束流包络方程与单粒子运动方程联立模型出发，考虑了纵向能量方程的耦合，研究了强流质子直线加速器中的束晕现象。采用相交间的Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ截面方法和实空间Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ截面方法，研究了周期聚焦系统失配的情况下束晕的形成以及加速对束晕形成的影响。     

强流AVF型回旋加速器中的空间电荷效应和束晕

首先,详细推导了AVF型回旋加速器中束团粒子在曲线坐标系中的动力学方程(考虑和不考虑空间电荷相互作用力两种情况)。然后,在假定动力学方程中各参数值的前提条件下,用Lunge-Kutta方法对考虑空间电荷时的动力学方程进行了数值计算。结果表明,束晕的形成和发展同样也是强流回旋加速器中束流损失的一个主要原因。但束晕形成的机制不同于直线加速器的情况,它不是由共振和混沌引起,而是由于粒子的排斥运动和束团内粒子的涡流运动引起的。     

小世界同步与束流输运网络同步控制

加速器中束流失匹配、离子的非线性共振等作用都会导致强流离子束产生的束晕．混沌现象，即在强流束中高密度束核的外围弥漫着少量粒子，且出现混沌现象。束晕．混沌现象会在加速器器壁上引起超标的放射性，对加速期间带来损伤，因此具有极大的危害性。尝试在小世界网络的基础上构造束流输运网络，研究束流输运网络中粒子的同步问题。     

A Radiochemical Separation Procedure of ^95Y

本工作在以前课题组关于束晕一混沌控制的基础上，进一步研究了强流加速器中调谐衰减因子和真空相移的改变对束晕-混沌控制的影响及束晕-混沌控制对粒子横向运动的影响，并提出了一种新的控制方法——自适应控制方法，实现了对束晕-混沌的较好控制。本文主要介绍以下3方面的工作。     

强流束传输中束晕的形成

放射性洁净核能系统的强流加速器中，绕束核外围的束晕最容易损失在机器壁上，产生超标的放射性，弄清束晕形成的机制，寻找尽量降低束损的加速器设计方法，对于建造这样的强流加速器至关重要。文章人束晕理论 方法等方面进行了综合论述，并在其中给出一些初步研究结果。最后，讨论了束晕研究中尚待解决的课题。     

强流束晕-混沌的模糊逻辑控制研究

以周期性磁场聚焦传输通道中的K-V(Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij)分布离子束为例,引入带偏置的升余弦函数近似刻画实际磁场,理论分析了通道中强流离子束的束晕-混沌动力学行为。针对束晕-混沌的控制问题,提出了束晕-混沌的模糊逻辑控制方法。模糊控制器采用Mamdani推理系统,其输出作为控制因子线性调整外部磁场强度。用模糊相平面法分析了控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果显示：在控制条件下,混沌变化的束包络半径被稳定控制;将该方法应用于多粒子模型,消除了束晕及其再生现象,束的品质获得较大提高。该模糊控制方法具有不依赖束输运数学模型、控制器简单、磁场调节呈线性关系、易于工程实现等优点。     

束晕-混沌控制的进一步研究:参数影响、粒子跟踪和自适应控制

本工作在以前课题组关于束晕-混沌控制的基础上,进一步研究了强流加速器中调谐衰减因子和真空相移的改变对束晕-混沌控制的影响及束晕-混沌控制对粒子横向运动的影响,并提出了一种新的控制方法——自适应控制方法,实现了对束晕-混沌的较好控制。本文主要介绍以下3方面的工作。1     

6 MV Truebeam治疗头的MC模拟与特性研究

用MC程序EGSnrc准确快速地模拟6 MV Varian Truebeam医用直线加速器治疗头,分析其能谱特性,并验证模拟结果的准确性,为后续更精确的剂量计算建立基础。以Varian公司提供的出束窗口位置处的IAEA相空间文件作为输入源,模拟计算源皮距为100 cm,射野大小为10 cm×10 cm的治疗野平面上的粒子相空间分布,并以此粒子相空间数据为基础进一步模拟计算了边长为30 cm的标准水体模中的剂量分布。通过对数据分析得到了治疗野平面上的粒子能谱、角分布、平均能量、粒子注量等信息,以及均匀水体模中光子的百分深度剂量和离轴比,所得结果与文献报道符合较好。结果表明EGSnrc程序能够准确快速地模拟加速器治疗头,其剂量的模拟计算结果可为临床放射治疗供很好参考。     

强流束晕-混沌的滑动模控制方法

本工作在以往工作的基础上,通过进一步理论分析,提出了一种滑动模控制的新方法,可实现对强流质子束的束晕-混沌的控制。该法可简单地把束晕-混沌行为看作为质子两种运动状态之间来回不断地进行动力学行为开与关的切换过程。这两种运动的结合导致了相空间的混沌运动(图1)。 为此,导出等价的控制器     

The propagation dynamics and stability of an intense laser beam in a radial power-law plasma channel

By containing ponderomotive self-channeling,the propagation behavior of an intense laser beam and the physical conditions are obtained theoretically in a radial power-law plasma channel.It is found that ponderomotive self-channeling results in the emergence of a solitary wave and catastrophic focusing,which apparently decreases the region for stable propagation in a parameter space of laser power and the ratio of the initial laser spot radius to the channel radius(RLC).Direct numerical simulation confirms the theory of constant propagation,periodic defocusing and focusing oscillations in the parameter space,and reveals a radial instability which prevents the formation of bright and dark solitary waves.The corresponding unstable critical curve is added in the parameter space numerically and the induced unstable region above the unstable critical curve covers that of catastrophic focusing,which shrinks the stable region for laser beams.For the expected constant propagation,the results reveal the need for a low RLC.Further study illustrates that the channel power-law exponent has an obvious effect on the final stable region and laser propagation,for example increasing this exponent can enlarge the stable region significantly,which is beneficial for guiding of the laser and increases the lowest RLC for constant propagation.Our results also show that the initial laser amplitude has an apparent influence on the propagation behavior.     

On the Generation and Focusing of Intense Ion Beams for Pellet Fusion

The current limits of magnetic focusing systems are examined and approximate formulas for long solenoids and periodic channels with short lenses (solenoids and quadrupole doublets) are derived. The characteristics and limitations of conventional sources, pulsed ion diodes, and collective-field accelerators for the generation of intense, energetic ion beams are compared. Use of a collective-ion accelerator with debuncher is suggested as injector into an induction accelerator.     

Focusing characteristics of the relativistic electron beam transmitting in ion channel

Based on the beam–plasma system model established in this paper, the trajectory of the electron beam in the ion channel is studied quantitatively through the envelope equation. Under different initial system parameters, the focusing transmission conditions of the beam in the ion channel are discussed. Then, a series of particle-in-cell simulations are performed, which generally versifies the theoretical results and shows some further details of the focusing behavior of the beam. It is found that the deceleration of some electrons around the focusing point or the beam–plasma interaction at the ion channel boundary will result in the generation of the residual electrons,which forms the electron return current that leads to the new instabilities influencing the focusing characteristics of the beam.     

北大4.5MV静电加速器束流脉冲化系统

４．５ＭＶ静电加速器是北大设计和建造的单级静电加速器。为了能够利用飞行时间法进行中子能量测量，需要把连续束变成短脉冲束。为此，在该器上配置了束流脉冲化系统。文章主要介绍４．５ＭＶ静电加速器束流脉冲化系统所采用的９ＭＨｚ射频聚束器和１．５ＭＨｚ射频切割器及有关的电子学线路、粒子纵向运动的模拟、对横向聚焦的要求。实验结果表明，可以获得的脉冲宽度为１．８ｎｓ。     

Phase space analysis of planar channeled MeV protons

A phase space analysis framework is used for Monte Carlo channeling simulations of the passage of 3 MeV protons through thin silicon layers. The results show the relationship between the spatial location of the protons across the channeling planes, their emergent angle and their energy loss. It is shown how the energy spread of the transmitted beam depends on the ratio of the layer thickness to the channeling oscillation wavelength. For a layer thickness of half a wavelength, or a multiple thereof, the energy spread of the transmitted beam is smallest. By collimating the emergent angle it can be reduced to a value of the same order as that obtained in beams from van de Graaff accelerators. This is important in understanding the limitations on the subsequent transport and focusing of MeV ion beams after passing through thin crystals.     

Control of Halo-Chaos in Beam Transport Network

Beam halo-chaos in periodic focusing channel of high-current accelerators has become a key concerned issue because it always causes excessive radioactivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to find more effective control methods of beam halo-chaos in beam transport network. To do so, we have developed some methods in this work from a view of point.     

In-plane vibration of continuous curved beams

An analytical technique is developed for determination of the frequencies of continuous curved beams. A detailed analysis is carried out for periodically-supported beams. It is shown that in an infinite periodic beam, alternate passing bands and stopping bands exist, and in a finite periodic beam, all natural frequencies are in the passing bands. Simple formulae are derived for determining the frequencies of periodically-supported rings and continuous beams with the two extreme ends hinged-hinged, hinged-fixed, and fixed-fixed.     

直线感应加速器间隙中的径向聚焦

在直线感应加速器间隙中的电场的聚焦特性与在双圆筒静电透镜中的电场的聚焦特性相同。在非相对论情况下,对双圆筒静电透镜的聚焦性质已有系统的研究。本文提出相对论情况下双圆筒静电透镜的聚焦性质,得出在薄透镜近似下的解析公式,并给出计算实例及与数值积分计算相比较。结果表明,在实际应用的范围内,解析公式具有足够的精确度。     

Experimental verification of an APF linac for a proton therapy facility

Alternating phase focusing (APF) is known as a beam focusing method; it was applied to an interdigital H-mode structure and successfully accelerated high current proton beams up to the desired energy for a medical synchrotron injector. A high-current APF linac was achieved by the optimal design of the cavity and the drift tubes themselves, as well as drift tube arrangement based on the co-iteration of a precise electromagnetic field and space charge beam dynamics.A proton injector for a medical accelerator complex was fabricated with the newly developed APF linac. The injector consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, a radio-frequency quadrupole linac and the APF linac. The experimental results showed that over 10 mA proton beams were accelerated up to 7.4 MeV.