热处理对45钢煤矿巷道支护锚杆组织与性能的影响

研究了变形量、淬火温度、回火温度和回火保温时间对45钢巷道支护锚杆常温力学性能和显微组织的影响,分析了不同工艺条件下的微观组织演变规律。结果表明,随着轧制变形量的增加,锚杆的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高,而断后伸长率不断降低;随着淬火温度和冷却水流量的升高,锚杆的抗拉强度、屈服强度逐渐升高,而断后伸长率逐渐降低;随着回火保温时间的延长和回火温度的升高,锚杆的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低,而断后伸长率逐渐增加。调质热处理后锚杆的组织为回火索氏体和铁素体,较为适宜的淬火温度为810~830℃,回火温度为510~540℃,回火保温时间为15~30 min。     

N04400冷轧管材组织与性能

对N04400合金钻孔管坯进行冷轧加工成管材,并进行了不同温度保温90min的真空退火处理,研究了加工态管材的组织与性能及退火温度对管材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工态时管材的显微组织沿轧制方向被拉长,抗拉强度为740MPa,屈服强度为695MPa,伸长率6.5%,屈强比为0.94;经600～650℃退火后,晶界更加清晰,显微组织仍为拉长的纤维状,强度较轧制态略有下降,伸长率稍有上升;700℃退火后,变形晶粒开始发生再结晶,抗拉和屈服强度急速下降,伸长率大幅上升;750℃退火后,组织发生了完全再结晶,力学性能变化缓慢。     

Al-Si-Cu系铸造铝合金的热处理

采用正交试验方法及力学性能测试研究了气缸盖用Al-Si-Cu系铝合金材料的热处理工艺,采用光学显微镜观察了试样热处理前后的显微组织。结果表明:在固溶温度等参数确定的前提下,时效温度是影响材料强度及伸长率的最主要因素。最佳的热处理工艺参数为:固溶温度(490±5)℃,保温5 h;淬火延迟时间≤15 s,淬火温度为(80±10)℃,淬火时间3~5 min;时效温度(160±5)℃,保温3 h。经该工艺处理后材料的抗拉强度达到300 MPa以上,屈服强度达到230 MPa以上,伸长率≥2%。铝合金经固溶时效处理后,针片状粗大的化合物转变为细小圆润的球状及短棒状,减轻了铸态组织中针状组织对基体的割裂作用,进而提升了基体的综合力学性能。     

热处理工艺对热作模具钢性能的影响

以5CrMnMoV热作模具钢材料为研究对象,研究了热处理工艺对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:当淬火温度为1000℃,保温0.5h,回火温度为575℃,保温1.5 h后的力学性能最佳,此时所制备的热作模具钢屈服强度为1376MPa,抗拉强度为1573 MPa,伸长率为11.9%,断面收缩率为32,3%。     

热处理温度对新型建筑铝型材性能的影响

使用不同的时效温度和淬火温度对Al-Mg-Si-Mn-In新型建筑铝型材进行了热处理,并对表面硬度和力学性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明:在450℃×0.5h淬火,时效时间6h时,随着时效温度从130℃提高至190℃,新型建筑铝型材的表面硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度均先提高后下降,断后伸长率先基本不变后下降;在淬火保温时间0.5h,时效170℃×6h时,随淬火温度从400℃提高至500℃,新型建筑铝型材的表面硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率均先提高后下降。时效温度优选为170℃、淬火温度优选为450℃。此工艺下,新型建筑铝型材的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别达到48HV、273MPa、188MPa、16.4%。     

1000MPa级连续退火双相钢的组织与性能研究

在实验室试制了1000 MPa级连续退火双相钢,利用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM以及拉伸试验对双相钢的微观组织和力学性能进行检测。结果表明,保温温度830℃,保温时间60 s,快冷至过时效温度240℃,过时效时间240 s,可以得到屈服强度535 MPa、抗拉强度1145 MPa、屈强比0.47、伸长率13%,具有较好综合性能的高强双相钢;抗拉强度随过时效温度的升高呈下降趋势,屈服强度、伸长率和屈强比呈上升趋势,在过时效温度为360℃时,出现屈服平台。     

新型机床轴承钢的热处理工艺优化

在GCr15轴承钢中添加0.15wt%镧铈混合稀土和0.3 wt%Nb,制备了新型机床轴承钢,并进行了热处理工艺优化。结果表明,新型机床轴承钢的淬火温度优选为855℃、回火温度优选为160℃。最大的抗拉强度为984MPa,屈服强度为660MPa,断后伸长率为39.8%,抗弯强度为2547MPa。随淬火温度从780℃增至870℃,新型机床轴承钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度和抗弯强度均先增大后减小,断后伸长率先基本不变后急剧下降。随回火温度从120℃增至180℃时,新型机床轴承钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率和抗弯强度均先增大后基本不变。     

冷轧和退火处理对C-276镍合金管材组织与力学性能的影响

对C-276镍合金管材进行冷轧,并进行了不同温度的退火处理,研究了冷轧加工和退火处理对镍合金管材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:管材经50%变形量冷轧加工后,晶粒破碎,显微组织沿轧制方向呈现纤维状,抗拉强度1210 MPa,屈服强度1000 MPa,伸长率22%;1000℃退火时,显微组织处于回复阶段,仍为拉长的纤维状,抗拉强度为1160 MPa,屈服强度815 MPa,伸长率26%;1050℃退火时,轧制流线消失,部分组织发生再结晶,抗拉强度1050 MPa,屈服强度750 MPa,伸长率32%;1100℃退火时,显微组织发生完全再结晶,抗拉强度868 MPa,屈服强度397 MPa,伸长率53%,强度大幅下降,伸长率大幅上升;1150℃退火时,晶粒与1100℃退火相比没有明显变化,力学性能稳定,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为838 MPa、379 MPa和54.5%。     

退火处理对3D打印CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织和性能的影响

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)工艺制备了等原子比CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,并对试验合金分别进行了650 ℃×1 h和900 ℃×1 h的退火处理。结合微观组织分析、拉伸性能分析和断裂特征分析,研究了退火工艺对SLM制备的CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:打印态试样屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为672 MPa、751 MPa和34.3%。650 ℃×1 h退火处理后,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率略微降低,分别为583 MPa、718 MPa和33.5%。900 ℃×1 h退火处理后屈服强度和抗拉强度分别降低至494 MPa和707 MPa,伸长率提高至46.6%。断口呈典型的韧窝特征,变形机制均为纳米孪生。     

非调质CT80连续油管用钢的控轧控冷工艺

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行了控轧控冷热模拟试验,分析了非调质CT80连续油管用钢的精轧变形温度、冷却速度和卷取温度对试验钢组织与性能的影响规律。基于控轧控冷热模拟试验结果,设定了试验钢实验室轧制工艺,在终轧温度830℃、冷却速度46℃/s和卷取温度450℃轧制工艺条件下,获得了具有针状铁素体+贝氏体+少量M/A岛组织构成的成品钢板,其屈服强度620 MPa,抗拉强度754 MPa,伸长率29.2%,屈强比0.82,各项性能均满足CT80连续油管用钢力学性能要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.