Property and microstructure analysis of ZK60 alloy superplastic sheet

It was investigated that the superplastic mechanical properties of fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy sheets at the temperature range of 200-420 ℃ and strain rate range of 5.56 × 10-4 -5.56 ×10-2 s-1 by tensile tests.And the microstructure evolution during the superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy was examined by metallurgical microscope and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The results showed that fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity from 250 ℃ and the maximum elongation is about 1106% at 400 ℃ and 5.56 × 10-4 s-1.The strain rate sensitivity is significantly enhanced with the increase of temperature and with the decrease of strain rate.The predominate superplastic mechanism of ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary slide (GBS) at the temperature range of 300-400 ℃.The grains of ZK60 alloy remain equaxial after superplastic deformation,and dynamic continuous recrystallization (DCRX) is an important softening mechanism and grain stability mechanism during the superplastic deformation of the alloy.The curved grain boundaries and crumpled bands at grain boundaries after deformation prove GBS generates during superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

A high strength Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce alloy prepared by hot extrusion

Microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce alloy extruded in a temperature range between 300 °C and 400 °C were investigated. The yield strength of the material increased as the extrusion temperature decreased due to grain refinement. The yield strengths and grain sizes of extruded samples met Hall-Petch equation. The microstructure of the alloy extruded at 300 °C had a bimodal grain size distribution with an average grain size of 2.7 μm and showed a yield strength of 327 MPa with an elongation of 9%. The fine-grained microstructures were attributed to the dynamic recrystallization and the pinning effect of fine strengthening particles.     

热轧镁合金AZ31B板材的超塑性变形行为与机制

研究工业态热轧 AZ31B镁合金板材的超塑性及变形机制,在应变温度为 723K,应变速率为 1× 10-3s-1的实验条件下,其最大断裂延伸率达到 216%,应变速率敏感指数达 0.36;研究结果表明:晶界滑动( GBS)是工业态热轧 AZ31B镁合金超塑性的主要变形机制,变形初期有动态再结晶发生,断裂是由晶界处形成的空洞不断长大、连接而引起的.     

挤压态ZK60镁合金的高温力学性能及其超塑性

针对挤压态ZK60镁合金的高温力学性能及其超塑性行为进行了研究.结果表明,挤压态ZK60镁合金的高温力学性能与试验温度、应变速率密切相关.通常,屈服强度和抗拉强度随试验温度的降低和应变速率的增加而提高,而延伸率则随试验温度的升高和应变速率的降低而增大.塑性变形流变应力与温度的倒数之间呈线性关系,而且在应变速率为5×10-4/s下的激活能为93 4kJ/mol.     

Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了铸态、热挤压态和热挤压加时效处理的Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn-0.5Zr合金的显微组织特征和室温拉伸性能.结合SEM-EDS和TEM-EDS重点分析了热挤压态的合金的相组成.结果表明:合金的铸态组织主要由αVMg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状的第二相组成,经过370℃热挤压变形后,合金中第二相的分布和形貌均发生变化,200℃,70 h时效处理后第二相分布变得不规则.并发现了两种非平衡相,即片状的Mg(GdZn)5和块状的Mg3(Gd0.5Y0.5)相.热挤压变形加时效处理后合金室温抗拉强度显著提高的同时,且具有良好的延伸率.     

Effect of twinning on flow stress during initial stage of hot compression of twin roll cast Mg-5.51Zn-0.49Zr alloy

A Thermecmastor-Z hot deformation simulator,optical microscopy,XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the flow stress behavior and microstructure of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy during initial stage of hot compression at elevated temperature of 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ and a given strain rate of 10-2s-1.The results suggest that flow stress drop during initial stage of hot compression at 300℃,generally led by dynamic recrystallization,is attributed to twinning,correspondingly to dynamic recrystallization as...     

Mg-4Zn-0.5Y-0.5Nd-0.3Zr镁合金动态压缩行为及变形组织

为了研究挤压态Mg-4Zn-0.5Y-0.5Nd-0.3Zr镁合金在高应变速率下的动态压缩失效行为及组织演变规律,采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置进行了动态压缩实验,并采用光学显微镜对压缩后镁合金的组织演变规律进行了研究.结果表明,在不同应变速率下挤压态Mg-4Zn-0.5Y-0.5Nd-0.3Zr镁合金呈现出相似的屈服现象,并表现为正应变率强化效应.在较低的应变速率下,平行于加载方向的小裂纹的形成、晶粒长大和孪生均可消耗冲击能量.在较高的应变速率下,试样内部的塑性变形能力得到提高且发生了加工硬化现象,而试样边缘萌生了裂纹.     

Microstructure and properties of Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloys processed by ECAP and extrusion

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing and conventional extrusion (Ex) were applied to the Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium alloy in order to evaluate the potential improvement in the mechanical properties. The ECAP experiment was conducted at 380 ℃ in a die having an included angle of 90° between two channels by the Bc route with the billet rotated by 90° about its longitudinal axis. Subsequently, some billets were processed by conventional extrusion at 300 ℃. The microstructures were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results indicate that the grain size is refined effectively, but the basal planes are highly inclined (about 40o) from the extrusion axis introduced by ECAP, which impairs the grain boundary strengthening effect. The conventional extrusion, following the ECAP, can modify the grains in hard orientation. Based on grain boundary strengthening due to ECAP and texture strengthening due to Ex, the strength is improved effectively. The enhanced activity of the non-basal slips, due to the refined grains and the reduction in c/a ratio, is responsible for good ductility and high strain hardening rate in samples obtained by the two-step process.     

Effect of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy before and after annealing treatments were investigated. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a yield tensile strength （YTS） of 305.9 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of 354.8 MPa, whereas the elongation is only 4%. After annealing, the YTS and UTS decrease to 150 MPa and 240 MPa, respectively, and the elongation increases to 28%. Interestingly, the annealed alloy maintains an acceptable stress level even after a much higher ductility is achieved. These excellent mechanical properties stem from the combined effects of fine α-Mg dynamic recrystallization （DRX） grains and a homogeneously distributed icosahedral quasicrystalline phase （I-phase） in the α-Mg DRX grains. In particular, the superior ductility originates from the coherent interface of I-phase and α-Mg and from the formation of the secondary twin {101 1}-{101 2}（38°〈1 2 10〉） in the tension twin {1012}.     

退火工艺对Mg-4Zn-1．5RE合金显微组织的影响

介绍了Mg-4Zn-1．5RE合金。实验利用小型轧机对挤压态Mg-4Zn-1．5RE合金进行多道次轧制,研究了轧制后合金板材经不同的退火工艺处理后其显微组织随退火温度和退火时间的变化情况．观察了合金中的第二相的TEM形貌并进行能谱分析。结果表明,该镁合金在常温下可进行多道次轧制,但每两道次之间进行300℃x30min的退火处理,总变形量可达到60％;轧制后的板材经再次退火后发生再结晶,合金中第二相为含有稀土元素的w相。     

间断变形工艺提高AZ31镁合金超塑性的研究

研究间断变形工艺对AZ31镁合金超塑性的影响。结果表明,当温度为400-440℃、应变速率小于5×10^-4s^-1时,间断变形工艺可以显著提高AZ31镁合金的超塑性。计算了空洞体积分数与空洞数量的关系。结果表明,空洞体积分数与空洞数量呈正比。对拉伸试样断口形貌的分析表明,间断变形减少了空洞数量,因而减小了空洞体积分数,提高了超塑性伸长率。     

ECAP处理后ZK40的组织及超塑性

研究了镁合金ZK40经等通道挤压1道次和4道次后的超塑性和微观组织.在523 K进行的拉伸实验表明，随着挤压道次的增加，ZK40的延伸率也得到了提高.实验通过对ZK40作不同条件下的拉伸测试，得到了超塑性表现最好的温度和应变速率.经4道次等通道挤压后的ZK40在523K的温度和1×10^-4/s的应变速率下其断裂延伸率达到了660%.微观组织的分析表明，ZK40在等通道处理过程中，晶粒随着挤压道次的增加不断细化，而且晶粒的等轴性和均匀性得到显著改善.     

Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Hot-rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Elevated Temperatures

1IntroductionAs a typical wrought magnesiumalloy,AZ31alloyhas a wide prospect for applications inthe fields of auto-mobiles,electronic appliances and aeronautic facili-ties[1,2].However,due to the hexagonal close-packed(HCP)structure of magnesium,the ductility of AZ31al-loy at roomtemperature is rather poor,which greatly re-stricts its applications in structural fields[3-5].Owing tothe activation of non-basal slip system[6],the ductility ofMg alloycan be significantlyimproved at elevatedtem…     

Sr对Mg-5Sn-5Zn铸造镁合金组织的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪研究了Mg-5Sn-5Zn-xSr（x=0,0.5,1,2）4种铸造镁合金的显微组织和相组成.结果表明：在Mg-5Sn-5Zn合金中加入质量分数为0.5%～2%的Sr元素后,不但能够缩小α-Mg枝晶间距,而且还能形成三元相MgSnSr.随着Sr含量的增加,在晶界析出的Mg2Sn相减少,晶内的MgSnSr相增加。合金中的MgZn相与Mg2Sn相依附在一起,大多数的MgZn相以α-Mg＋MgZn相的共晶方式存在.     

挤压比对AZ91镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了挤压比对热挤压AZ91镁合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明：热挤压可以显著细化AZ91镁合金的晶粒，而且随着挤压比的增加，晶粒变得更加细小；增大挤压比也可以提高AZ91镁合金在不同实验温度下的抗拉强度和屈服强度，且经过3种挤压比挤压的AZ91镁合金在150 ℃时均呈现最高的抗拉强度和屈服强度；此外，经不同挤压比挤压的AZ91镁合金的伸长率均随实验温度的升高而增加.通过拉伸断口形貌的扫描电镜分析，确定了热挤压AZ91镁合金在室温拉伸时均表现为解理断裂为主的脆性断裂，而在较高温度下拉伸时则基本呈现韧性断裂特征.     

High Strength,Ductility and Superplasticity Mg-6Zn-1Y-0.6Ce-0.6Zr Alloy Prepared by Rapid Solidification and Reciprocating Extrusion

High strength, ductility, and superplasticity Mg-6.0%Zn-1.0%Y-0.6%Ce-0.6%Zr(wt%) alloy was prepared by sequentially applying rapid solidification, extrusion, and reciprocating extrusion(REX). The microstructure of the alloy after 2-pass REX consisted of fine grains smaller than 0.7 μm and nanometer strengthening particles. The refined grains resulted from recrystallization during which the nanometer particles played an important role in restrain grain growth. The mechanical properties of the material were investigated at room and elevated temperatures. High tensile yield strength of 336 MPa and elongation of 27% were obtained at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, the highest elongation of 270% was obtained at 250 ℃ and an initial strain rate of 3.3×10~(-3) s~(-1), and LTS and HSRS were achieved. The high strength, ductility, and superplasticity were attributed to the refined unique microstructure.     

经激光表面熔凝处理的Mg-11Y-2.5Zn合金的显微组织和摩擦学性能

用X-ray衍射和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对经激光表面熔凝处理的Mg-11Y-2.5Zn合金进行显微组织和相组成分析,并测量改性层硬度变化。研究结果表明,经激光表面熔凝处理后,改性层由熔化区和热影响区组成,熔化区的显微组织明显细化,硬度有所改善。研究了经激光表面处理和铸态Mg-11Y-2.5Zn合金的摩擦学性能,滑移速率为0.785m/s,载荷范围为20～320N。两者的摩擦因子无显著差异,但经激光表面处理的Mg-11Y-2.5Zn合金表现出较低的磨损率,归结于熔凝区的组织细化和硬度增加。SEM磨损表面形貌分析表明,激光表面熔凝处理的合金与未处理合金的磨损机制基本相同,轻微磨损阶段为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损,严重磨损阶段为表面热软化和熔化磨损。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-6Zn-2Mg-1.5Cu-0.4Er alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of A1-6Zn-2Mg-1.5Cu-0.4Er alloy under different treatment conditions were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, and tensile properties and hardness test, respectively. The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructures of the alloys was discussed. With trace Er addition to A1-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Er and Al interact to form Al3Er phase, which is coherent with α(Al) matrix. The results show that A1-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy after retr...     

Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金热处理后的拉伸与晶间腐蚀性能

为了研究不同时效处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金性能的影响,研究了强化固溶后T6和T76时效处理对Al-6Zn-2M g-2Cu合金硬度、拉伸性能与晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,强化固溶后与经过T6时效处理的合金相比,T76时效处理后合金的硬度并无明显变化,但合金的抗拉强度下降了4.39%,伸长率则明显上升.经T6和T76时效处理后,合金的晶间腐蚀等级均为4级.两种时效状态下合金腐蚀速率均在0~1.5 h范围内急剧增大,之后开始下降.经过强化固溶与T76时效处理后,合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能得到明显改善.     

AZ31镁合金板冷拉深变形特点

在室温条件下,对最常用的镁合金AZ31板材在经过不同的退火热处理后进行冷拉深试验研究中,借助有限元数值模拟技术对其拉深变形过程进行分析,探索其冷拉深变形特点及规律,并合理解释在拉深过程中的载荷特点、破裂形态、极限拉深比、各向异性现象、厚度分布规律以及退火工艺条件、模具结构及尺寸对它们的影响规律.