增塑剂对旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的影响

通过增塑剂种类及用量对旋转模塑用聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑糊粘度及其粘度稳定性、脱气性能、凝胶化性能的影响及温度对凝胶化性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:选择自身粘度较小且溶剂化能力较弱的增塑剂及随增塑剂用量增加,PVC增塑糊粘度下降、粘度稳定性逐渐变好,有利于PVC增塑糊的排气性能提高,延长PVC增塑糊的凝胶化时间。通过调节加热温度及时间可在一定范围内有效控制凝胶化过程,以期获得制品所需性能。     

PVC增塑糊黏度及其经时变化的影响因素

研究了DOP加料方式和加料量、搅拌时间、搅拌速度、搅拌形式、配料温度、配料量、存放温度、测试容器等因素对PVC增塑糊黏度及其经时变化的影响。根据试验结果,建议PVC增塑糊的配制方式为:采用分散盘式搅拌方式,搅拌速度≥1000 r/min,配料与贮存温度为20~30℃,配料罐配备冷却夹套,DOP的加料方式为2次加入。     

环保聚氯乙烯增塑糊凝胶性能的研究

采用转矩流变仪和旋转黏度计研究了PVC树脂种类、增塑剂种类、掺混树脂加入量对环保PVC增塑糊凝胶性能的影响规律。结果表明,PVC糊树脂聚合度越大,增塑糊的凝胶化时间越长;颗粒呈规则圆状树脂配制的增塑糊,其凝胶时间相对较长;颗粒呈扁片状的树脂配制的增塑糊,其凝胶时间相对较短。增塑剂与PVC糊树脂相容性越差,增塑糊的凝胶时间越长。随掺混树脂添加量的增多,凝胶时间逐渐延长,当其加入量为40 份（质量份,下同）时,凝胶时间从空白时的18 min延长至28 min。     

增塑糊对PVC材料性能的影响

考察了PVC糊树脂的增塑糊对PVC材料加工性能和光学性能的影响。结果表明:①直接添加PVC糊树脂不能改善PVC材料的加工性能,需要制成增塑糊;②与单独添加DOP相比,添加增塑糊能更加明显地改善PVC材料的加工性能,而且改性效果更稳定;③增塑糊会大大提高PVC材料的雾度。     

旋转模塑用聚氯乙烯增塑糊的研究

一般来讲，影响旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能有五个因素，即PVC增塑糊的流变性能、糊粘度稳定性、脱气性能、凝胶化性能和塑化性能。作者通过对影响PVC增塑糊性能的这些因素进行深入研究，对确定PVC增塑糊所用原料种类和数量提供有益的参考。     

表面活性剂对PVC增塑糊稳定性能的影响及机理探讨

研究表面活性剂种类、用量对PVC增塑糊黏度稳定性的影响,并探讨增塑糊的稳定机理.结果表明:吐温类表面活性剂改性PVC糊初始黏度最大,350η硅油次之,聚氧乙烯类表面活性剂改性的增塑糊初始黏度最小,其中350η硅油改性的增塑糊黏度稳定性最好.随表面活性剂用量的增多,增塑糊的初始黏度越小,但增塑糊的稳定性与表面活性剂用量并不存在简单的线性关系.对有表面活性剂存在的PVC增塑糊,主要遵循空间位阻稳定机制和空位絮凝机制.     

聚乙二醇在聚氯乙烯增塑糊脱气中的应用

本文通过理论上的分析和试验工作,对聚乙二醇(PEG)在PVC增塑糊中脱气的作用进行了详细论述。低分子量PEG(400)对PVC增塑糊脱气有改善作用,能降低PVC增塑糊的粘度,改善粘度的稳定性,使气泡的液膜机械强度削弱,且PEG提高了DOP对PVC的润湿性,提高了增塑能力,PEG能吸附在PVC的表面,脱除其表面所吸附的气体,从而降低了泡沫的稳定性。     

PVC糊树脂透明性的研究

考察了PVC糊树脂热稳定性、塑化时间、塑化温度、真空脱泡时间、试样厚度等因素对试样透明性的影响。结果表明:PVC糊树脂的热稳定性越好、增塑糊脱泡越完全、试样厚度越小,则透明性越好;在保证PVC糊树脂不降解的前提下,适当提高其塑化度可提高透明性。     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为的研究 Ⅱ、填料的影响

一、引言 聚氯乙烯(以下简称PVC)增塑糊,是用高分散性PVC树脂微粒加稳定剂等各种添加剂与增塑剂调制成的糊状物。按其实质它是微细的PVC树脂粒子在增塑剂中形成的胶体分散体系。 增塑糊具有独特的加工工艺,它的应用性能主要是涉及到糊的流变性以及糊贮存时期粘度的变化。决定PVC增塑糊流变行为的主要因素是增塑彻中PVC树脂的颗粒大     

碳酸钙对PVC增塑糊黏度及稳定性的影响研究

采用振动黏度计系统研究了碳酸钙粒径大小、含量及颗粒形貌对环保聚氯乙烯（PVC）增塑糊黏度及稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,用4.5um碳酸钙配制的增塑糊初始黏度最大,且黏度稳定性最差;固定PVC树脂为100份时,随碳酸钙含量的增加,增塑糊的初始黏度增大,黏度稳定性降低;固定PVC和碳酸钙粉体总量为120份时,随碳酸钙含量的增加,增塑糊的初始黏度减小,黏度稳定性升高;用规则菱形碳酸钙配制的增塑糊黏度相对较小,用棉絮状碳酸钙配制的增塑糊黏度相对较大,且黏度稳定性最差。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。