Choices in the Paradigm Shift

Abstract

External factors are forcing libraries to seriously evaluate and redefine their purpose within higher education. Libraries have identified themselves as gateways to information. Google, and other Internet search tools, have changed the need and importance of the gatekeeper role in libraries. The authors argue that libraries have a role that is broader than that of gatekeeper. It is necessary to move beyond our existing mental models and truly redefine our unique role based on the needs within the external environment. To develop this broader role, libraries must develop collaborative relationships and leverage existing tools and services.     

Paradigm Shift in Natural Language Processing

Machine Intelligence Research - In the era of deep learning, modeling for most natural language processing (NLP) tasks has converged into several mainstream paradigms. For example, we usually adopt...     

基于范式转换的知识进化算法

根据库恩的知识进化观,提出一种基于范式转换的知识进化算法。每个范式对应一个问题的可行解,以范式为单位建立初始知识库。利用传承算子实现对优秀范式的传承,采用修补算子实现范式危机的消除,以创新算子产生新范式,从知识库的最优范式中获取问题的最优解。将该算法应用于求解函数极小值,其结果与遗传算法相比具有更好的寻优性能。     

Perfect Disruption: The Paradigm Shift from Mental Agents to ORGs

Significant changes in hardware, software, and applications have set in place the conditions for a "perfect disruption" that could signal a foundational shift in how large-scale Internet applications are developed. Hewitt posits that the shift is away from mental agents toward what he calls organizations of restricted generality (ORGs), which are based on the way people interact within organizations rather than the way individuals process information in their brains.     

Toward a Paradigm Shift in Social Computing: The ACP Approach

In a sense, social computing is a new research field with a long history. Its origins trace back to the beginning of modern computing and landmark work such as Vannevar Bush's Memex, Douglas Engelbart's vision for integrating psychology and organizational development with computer technology advances, and J.C.R. Licklider's emphasis on computers as communication devices, not computing machines. Over the past decades, social software from email to blogs, has fundamentally changed how to live, work and interact with each other.     

对电力班组管理思维模式转变的相关分析

班组是供电企业中最基层的单位,是供电企业管理的基础,班组的建设和管理水平直接影响着供电企业的发展。供电企业具有的特殊性和严谨性对班组的建设和管理有着很高的要求。提出了对供电企业班组管理思维模式转变具体的建议,旨在为电力生产的新型班组建设和管理提供参考。     

Toward Human Level Machine Intelligence - Is It Achievable? The Need for a Paradigm Shift

Officially, AI was born in 1956. Since then, very impressive progress has been made in many areas - but not in the realm of human level machine intelligence. During much of its early history, AI "was rife "with exaggerated expectations. A headline in an article published in the late forties of last century was headlined, "Electric brain capable of translating foreign languages is being built". Today, more than half a century later, we do have translation software, but nothing that can approach the quality of human translation. Clearly, achievement of human level machine intelligence is a challenge that is hard to meet. A prerequisite to achievement of human level machine intelligence is mechanization of these capabilities and, in particular, mechanization of natural language understanding. To make significant progress toward achievement of human level machine intelligence, a paradigm shift is needed. More specifically, what is needed is an addition to the armamentarium of AI of two methodologies: (a) a nontraditional methodology of computing with words (CW) or more generally, NL-Computation; and (b) a countertraditional methodology "which involves a progression from computing with numbers to computing with words. The centerpiece of these methodologies is the concept of precisiation of meaning. Addition of these methodologies to AI would be an important step toward the achievement of human level machine intelligence and its applications in decision-making, pattern recognition, analysis of evidence, diagnosis, and assessment of causality. Such applications have a position of centrality in our infocentric society.     

软件定义的系统与知识自动化:从牛顿到默顿的平行升华

知识自动化是智能化、人机化、自动化等的有机融合.从Cyberspace、社会信号和默顿系统等的兴起这一时代特征为出发点, 讨论知识自动化的意义与相关发展问题, 从智能算法到知识机器人讨论其技术基础及趋势, 从软件定义的系统和流程探讨其与系统工程的内在关联, 从平行系统的角度阐述其在复杂控制和管理过程中的重要作用.     

渣油制氨气化—变换系统流程模拟

本文对UBE型渣油制氨的气化—变换系统进行稳态模拟。用马丁-候状态方程作为热力学模型来计算真实气体的热力学性质,并在此基础上引入平衡温距的概念来描述高温高压下的气化反应。根据Prausnitz提出的方法建立了8.7MPa压力下的汽液平衡模型,用校正的动力学方程来计算变换反应速度,采用序贯模块法进行了流程模拟。以设计工况为基准的实例分析表明模拟结果与实际数据符合良好。对各关键单元进行的模拟操作分析,为该系统的优化计算和改进现行操作工况提供了较好的依据。     

A Paradigm Shift in Interactive Computing: Deriving Multimodal Design Principles from Behavioral and Neurological Foundations

As technology advances, systems are increasingly able to provide more information than a human operator can process accurately. Thus, a challenge for designers is to create interfaces that allow operators to process the optimal amount of data. It is herein proposed that this may be accomplished by creating multimodal display systems that augment or switch modalities to maximize user information processing. Such a system would ultimately be informed by a user's neurophysiological state. As a first step toward that goal, relevant literature is reviewed and a set of preliminary design guidelines for multimodal information systems is suggested.     

The Changing Paradigm of Data-Intensive Computing

Through the development of new classes of software, algorithms, and hardware, data-intensive applications provide timely and meaningful analytical results in response to exponentially growing data complexity and associated analysis requirements.     

The Paradigm compiler for distributed-memory multicomputers

To harness the computational power of massively parallel distributed-memory multicomputers, users must write efficient software. This process is laborious because of the absence of global address space. The programmer must manually distribute computations and data across processors and explicitly manage communication. The Paradigm (PARAllelizing compiler for DIstributed-memory, General-purpose Multicomputers) project at the University of Illinois addresses this problem by developing automatic methods for the efficient parallelization of sequential programs. A unified approach efficiently supports regular and irregular computations using data and functional parallelism     

机电复合传动换挡模式切换过程同步控制方法

如果在汽车换挡模式切换时,未能换挡模式下马斜盘角与角速度的关系,忽略对小信号的线性化处理,发动机与电机的转速、转矩效率将会降低,受到冲击度较高,对此,提出机电复合传动换挡模式切换过程同步控制方法.该方法首先对机电复合传动系统中的四种换挡模式进行转速、转矩及切换过程分析,对切换过程中的输入转速变化进行抑制;引入转速同步控...     

The Paradigm of Power Bounded High-Performance Computing

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Modern computer systems are increasingly bounded by the available or permissible power at multiple layers from individual components to data centers. To...     

最小频移键控调制的特殊应用

煤矿立井井筒的信号传输 ,由于其传输环境特殊 ,一直没有很好地解决。文章提出了采用最小频移键控 (MSK)技术与调频超短波无线电技术相结合传输信号的方法。     

Automatic Synthesis of Recursive Programs: The Proof-Planning Paradigm

We describe a proof method that characterises a family of proofs corresponding to the synthesis of recursive functional programs. This method provides a significant degree of automation in the construction of recursive programs from specifications, together with correctness proofs. This method makes use of meta-variables to allow successive refinement of the identity of unknowns, and so allows the program and the proof to be developed hand in hand. We illustrate it with parts of a substantial example—the synthesis of a unification algorithm.