Betriebsanleitungen nach der EG-Richtlinie „Maschinen”︁

Europe takes shape. National interests must give way to european interests. Laws, standards and other rules of technic must be reduced to a common denominator, the european standard. The EG-Rules for machines has already been integrated into some national rules. At the beginning of 1995 it shall replace completely the national rules. At the latest on this date the technical documentation has to be adapted.     

„Moderne Bildröhrenfertigung mit Turbo-Molekularpumpen”︁

Turbomolecular pumps are gradually gaining ground in the hard industrial processes. In this article a statement is made on the use of the turbomolecular pumps as to final evacuation of the TV tubes. In particular the high qualification of the pumps is emphasized. Furthermore, the advantages are shown compared with the conventional diffusion pump system.     

Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Betriebsverhalten eines „Stabil Ion Gauge”︁

Summary The fundamental characteristics of a commercial “Stabil Ion Gauge” [1] as well as its x-ray limit and the influence of desorption effects on the collector current at the lower limit of pressure measurement were investigated. A strange shape of the diode characteristics of the gauge was observed. By means of two-dimensional calculations of the electrical field with the simulation program “SIMION” [2] an emission of the backside of the ribbon cathodes was determined to be the reason for that behaviour. The agreement of these calculations and the experimentally observed curves supports this thesis. The decreasing tendency of the sensitivity vs electron space charge within the anode volume with increasing electron current. This effect is intensified by the directed electron beam which originates from the ribbon cathodes. The x-ray limit was determined by the Alpert-method to 1.9.10^?10 mbar and by the comparison method to 1.8.10^?10 mbar. The test gauge showed larger desorption effects than the reference gauge IE414 (Leybold) which is due to the installation of a big grounded shield surrounding the whole electrode structure. In agreement with experiences the desorption effects were largest for chemical active gases like oxygen and hydrogen. Summarizing one can state that the constant potential relations within the “Stabil Ion Gauge” which are essential for stability and reproducibility of the sensitivity of ionization gauges have been achieved at the costs of a disturbing desorption effects at lower pressures and a relatively high x-ray limit.