中国风电轴承市场近况

近年来,中国风电轴承由卖方市场逐渐转变为买方市场。但由于主轴轴承、发电机轴承、齿轮箱轴承的技术、工艺要求高,目前对外资企业产品仍有大量需求。国内厂商则将主要精力集中于生产偏航、变桨轴承上。     

海上风电安装市场萌动

随着海上风电建设的大规模开启,蕴含千亿商机的安装市场即将爆发。而对门槛高、投入大的海上安装行业,谁能脱颖而出？2012年1月,江苏。一条长90米,宽50米,型深6．8米的大型安装船缓缓驶出泊位。这艘号称“中国最大”的海上风电设备工程安装施工船舶．集风塔打桩、风电设备安装于一体,总造价达人民币3亿多元。船体上配置83米高的主吊钩平台,主吊钩平台安装一台400吨能360度回转的起重机,最大吊高为120多米,相当于40层楼高。     

2012年我国风电市场发展综述

我国风电开始从快速发展期进入稳步发展期,2012年风电正式成为全国第三大电源,但也面临着前所未有的消纳困难。与过去几年相比,风电增长速度放缓,风电设备制造企业产能过剩的问题进一步暴露出来。     

美国风电市场投资模式

美国是世界最主要的风电市场之一,也是中国重要的投资地,投资美国风电行业如何才能减少损失,规避风险？     

促进风电产业发展新政即将出台

目前，由发改委、财政部等部委制定的《促进风电发展实施意见》已成型，不久即将面世。消息人士透露，这一政策将着力培养具有自主知识产权的风电生产商，下一步还将具体制订给予风机场、研发中心具体补贴等政策，“这一系列政策将促进风电设备制造商技术研发．对整个风电产业产生巨大影响”。     

经济危机阻碍印度风电市场复苏

<正>印度风电市场今年发展形势喜人,新增装机量有望首次超越美国。但卢比暴跌却已成为印度风电市场复苏的最大阻碍。1卢比暴跌市场复苏受阻进入2013²014财年以来,卢比兑美元汇率出现大幅波动,贬值超过17%。卢比汇率屡创新低威胁印度经济发展,也令印度风电市场面临投资危机。分析指出,卢比的暴跌不仅增加了风电市场的进口成本及融资风险,     

近年我国企业参与海外风电市场概况

本文简单介绍了近些年国内风电整机商参与海外风电市场的情况,并对这些活动进行了客观分析。虽然我国企业在海外整机设备市场已经获得了不俗的成绩,并进入了多个国家市场,但被全球广泛认可还尚需努力。     

全球风电市场发展报告2012

截至2012年年底,全球风电新增装机容量达到4500万千瓦,同比增长10%。全球风电累计装机容量达到2.83亿千瓦,同比增长19%。近4500万千瓦的新增风电装机带来了约560亿欧元的投资。考虑到宏观经济发展状况,风电行业依然表现良好,即便该数据低于过去10     

我国风电发展简况

风电是目前技术最成熟、最具竞争力的新能源发电技术。开发利用凤能资源已成为有效应对能源和环境问题的重要措施。近年来,全球风电发展很快,到2009年底,全球风电装机容量已达到1．6亿千瓦,年均增长30％以上。     

瓦轴风电轴承进军国际市场

近日,由瓦轴集团生产的60套大兆瓦风电机组轴承顺利出口美国,这也是我国风电轴承行业首次批量进军国际高端市场。这批轴承将装配在一家全球知名风电企业的大兆瓦风电主机上,其加工精度、产品性能等各项指标均达到世界领先水平,此外还应用了瓦轴在国际上首创的新工艺。     

Optimal electricity market for wind power

This paper is about electricity market operation when looking from the wind power producers’ point of view. The focus in on market time horizons: how many hours there is between the closing and delivering the bids. The case is for the Nordic countries, the Nordpool electricity market and the Danish wind power production. Real data from year 2001 was used to study the benefits of a more flexible market to wind power producer. As a result of reduced regulating market costs from better hourly predictions to the market, wind power producer would gain up to 8% more if the time between market bids and delivery was shortened from the day ahead Elspot market (hourly bids by noon for 12–36 h ahead). An after sales market where surplus or deficit production could be traded 2 h before delivery could benefit the producer almost as much, gaining 7%.     

Operation planning of hydrogen storage connected to wind power operating in a power market

In this paper, a methodology for the operation of a hybrid plant with wind power and hydrogen storage is presented. Hydrogen produced from electrolysis is used for power generation in a stationary fuel cell and as fuel for vehicles. Forecasts of wind power are used for maximizing the expected profit from power exchange in a day-ahead market, also taking into account a penalty cost for unprovided hydrogen demand. During online operation, a receding horizon strategy is applied to determine the setpoints for the electrolyzer power and the fuel cell power. Results from three case studies of a combined wind-hydrogen plant are presented. In the first two cases, the plant is assumed to be operating in a power market dominated by thermal and hydropower, respectively. The third case demonstrates that the operating principles are also useful for isolated wind-hydrogen systems with backup generation.     

风力发电的环境价值

风能资源是无污染的清洁能源.文章对风电的环境影响进行了评价;相对于煤电评估了风电的减排污染物的环境价值;通过风电环境价值评价,认为风力发电具有减排污染物0.28元/kWh的环境价值.发展风电有显著的环境效益和经济效益.     

Wind power investment within a market environment

Within an existing transmission network, this paper considers the problem of identifying the wind power plants to be built by a wind power investor to maximize its profit. For this analysis a future target year is considered and the loads at different buses are represented by stepwise load–duration curves. The stochastic nature of both load and wind is represented via scenarios. The considered electric energy system operates under a pool-market arrangement and each producer/consumer is paid/pays the Local Marginal Price (LMP) of the bus at which it is located. The higher the wind penetration is, the lower the resulting LMPs. To tackle this problem a stochastic bilevel model is proposed, whose upper-level represents the wind investment and operation decisions with the target of maximizing profits; and its lower-level represents the market clearing under differing load and wind conditions and provides LMPs. This model can be recast as a mixed-integer linear programming problem solvable using commercially available branch-and-cut solvers. The proposed model is illustrated using an example and two case studies.     

Stochastic reactive power market with volatility of wind power considering voltage security

While wind power generation is growing rapidly around the globe; its stochastic nature affects the system operation in many different aspects. In this paper, the impact of wind power volatility on the reactive power market is taken into account. The paper presents a novel stochastic method for optimal reactive power market clearing considering voltage security and volatile nature of the wind. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a multiobjective nonlinear programming technique to minimize market payment and simultaneously maximize voltage security margin. Considering a set of probable wind speeds, in the first stage, the proposed algorithm seeks to minimize expected system payment which is summation of reactive power payment and transmission loss cost. The object of the second stage is maximization of expected voltage security margin to increase the system loadability and security. Finally, in the last stage, a multiobjective function is presented to schedule the stochastic reactive power market using results of two previous stages. The proposed algorithm is applied to IEEE 14-bus test system. As a benchmark, Monte Carlo Simulation method is utilized to simulate the actual market of given period of time to evaluate results of the proposed algorithm, and satisfactory results are achieved.     

Integration of wind power in the liberalized Dutch electricity market

Wind power is becoming a large‐scale electricity generation technology in a number of European countries, including the Netherlands. Owing to the variability and unpredictability of wind power production, large‐scale wind power can be foreseen to have large consequences for balancing generation and demand in power systems. As an essential aspect of the Dutch market design, participants are encouraged to act according to their energy programs, as submitted day‐ahead to the system operator. This program responsibility shifts the burden of balancing wind power away from the system operator to the market. However, the system operator remains the responsible party for balancing any generation/load imbalances that may still be arising in real time. In this article, features that are unique for the Dutch market design are presented and their implications on the system integration of wind power are investigated. It is shown that the Dutch market design penalizes the intermittent nature of wind power. A discussion of opportunities and threats of balancing wind power by use of market forces is provided. Last, an outline is given of future work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

Improving energy efficiency of hydroelectric power stations at irrigation reservoirs by wind power add-in

We demonstrated the possibility of improving the energy efficiency of hydropower stations at irrigation reservoirs based on the energy use of mountain-valley wind flows of surface layers of the atmosphere through the establishment of wind power generation superstructures to the hydroelectric power station that work with them.     

Adequate intraday market design to enable the integration of wind energy into the European power systems

This contribution analyses the European electricity markets with respect to their aptitude to absorb large amounts of wind energy. Thereby in a first step the market designs of the major European power markets in France, Germany, Scandinavia, Spain and UK are reviewed, with a particular focus on liquidity in the spot and intraday markets. Then some key features of the short-term adjustments required by wind energy are discussed and the necessity of sufficient liquidity in intraday markets is highlighted. For the example of the German market subsequently the discrepancy between the physical short-term adjustment needs and the traded volumes on the intraday market is analyzed. This leads to an evaluation of proposals for improving the liquidity on the short-term market, including the use of continuous spot trading like in UK or the use of intraday auctions like in Spain.     

Policies and market factors driving wind power development in the United States

In the United States, there has been substantial recent growth in wind energy generating capacity, with growth averaging 24 percent annually during the past five years. About 1700 MW of wind energy capacity was installed in 2001, while another 410 MW became operational in 2002. During 2003, development activity has remained strong, with an estimated 1600 MW of capacity installed. With this growth, an increasing number of States are experiencing investment in wind energy projects: currently about half of all States host at least one wind power project. This paper explores the key factors at play in the 12 States in which a substantial amount of wind energy capacity has been developed or planned. Some of the factors that are examined include policy drivers, such as Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), Federal and State financial incentives; as well as market drivers, such as consumer demand for green power, natural gas price volatility, and wholesale market rules.