免维护蓄电池Pb—Ca板栅合金的改进

从强度和腐蚀性两方面对Ｐｂ－Ｃａ板栅合金进行讨论，并通过添加合金元素的办法对Ｐｂ－Ｃａ板栅合金进行改进。结果表明，Ｂｉ元素有可能改善Ｐｂ－Ｃａ板栅合金的深充放性能，成为免维护蓄电池的新型板栅合金的添加元素。     

Al-Fe合金组织优化及相关机制研究进展

Al-Fe合金以其优异的性能和广阔的应用前景受到科研人员的高度关注。本文综述共晶、过共晶Al-Fe合金的凝固特性，概述外加条件及合金元素对Al-Fe合金微观组织的影响，介绍不同工艺制备方法得到的Al-Fe合金的组织及性能，并对Al-Fe合金应用状况及在汽车、航空方面的应用前景进行描述。最后，对制备高性能Al-Fe合金的核心问题——细化富铁相及提升铁含量进行讨论，并指出合金元素的引入方式与液态环境的精确调控是Al-Fe合金未来的研究重点。     

元素之间的交互作用强度及其在铸态稀土铝合金中的应用

本文从合金相形成理论出发,对合金中固溶度的变化和形成化合物的趋势(中间相的稳定性)进行了分析,提出合金相中元素间交互作用强度的概念;并用元素间交互作用强度对稀土铝合金铸态组织中合金元素和化合物的分布规律进行了分析。     

微量杂质元素对GH871合金涡轮盘力学性能的影响

研究了两种微量杂质元素含量不同的新型含Nb铁基高温合金（记为A1和A2）的力学性能。结果表明：微量杂质元素对合金在室温和高温的拉伸强度影响较小，但对合金的高温拉伸塑性影响较大；微量杂质元素严重恶化了合金的高温持久塑性；同时对合金在650℃，441MPa下的蠕变性能具有重要影响。     

Cu对高淬速AB5型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

用Cu替代Mn(NiMnAl)4.9C00.4合金中50％的Co元素，对两种合金分别进行快淬处理，测试了它们的活化性能，放电容量，放电电压性能和高倍率放电能力，试验结果表明，Cu替代Co元素不影响合金的活化次数，且使放电容量，低倍率放电电压平台得到明显改善，但高倍率放电电压特性格略有降低，合金的高倍率放电能力下降。     

NHS活塞合金的研制

本文详细地讨论了高硅铝合金中各合金元素的作用,研究了合金元素含量变化对组织和性能的影响。提出了合金的最佳成份选择范围,最后通过对该合金进行组织细化处理,获得了一种高性能的优质新型铝合金—NHS活塞合金。     

阴极渗金属应用

利用阴极渗金属新技术对普通钢材进行渗Ｗ，Ｍｏ等元素的工业性实验，对使用电流、电压、温度等参数进行了深入分析．实验表明，合金元素的最大渗层厚度可达７００μｍ．     

Mg2Ni氢化物电子结构的研究

利用电荷自洽离散变分Xα对Mg2Ni氢化物的电子结构进行研究，结果表明，在Mg2Ni氢化物中，H与Nj原子之间强烈的成键作用是导致Mg2Ni合金释放氢的温度比较高的原因．在A2B型贮氢合金中，因为氢原子更倾向于进入吸热型元素周围的品格位置，所以吸热型元素在储氢合金中起到了增强对氢原子吸附力的作用．吸氢后，A2B型合金出现了A-B键受到减弱的现象，使得贮氢合金的性能降低了．     

ICP—AES法测定耐蚀合金3YC24中多种合金元素

阐述Atomscan Advantage型顺序扫描电感耦合发射光谱仪测定耐蚀合金3YC24中Cr、Fe、W、V、Mn等多种合金元素的测试方法，确定了各元素的测定谱线，进行了精密度试验，采用基体匹配法对同一样品与化学方法、原子吸收光谱法对照结果良好。     

合金元素对铝锂合金焊缝凝固组织形态的影响

通过使用不同化学成分的焊丝，研究了合金元素对８０９０铝锂合金焊缝凝固组织形态的影响：采用横向变拘束裂试验，探讨了焊缝凝固组织形态化对改善焊缝热裂倾向的作用机制，结果表明，镁、锂、锆和铈等合金元素能够明显细化焊缝凝固组织，并降低８０９０铝锂合金焊缝形成热裂纹的敏感性。     

ICP—AES法直接测定钢中铅、锡、砷、锑和铋

采用ICP—AES法直接测定钢中微量铅、锡、砷、锑和铋的含量,多组分光谱拟合（MSF）法有效消除钢中共存元素对测定结果的干扰。5种元素的检出限分别为Pb14．1μg/L,Sn16．8μg/L,As20．2μg／L,Sb17．5μg/L,Bi15．2μg/L,方法准确,快速简便,稳定性好。     

微波消解法测定废电视机ABS 塑料中的Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni

丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)塑料是一种重要的工程塑料,在电视机外壳制造中多用于前框的制造。为满足不同产品的使用性能需求,常对ABS塑料添加含有重金属元素的不同助剂进行改良,因此,ABS塑料废弃后或者再生利用时,可能对环境和人体造成危害。通过优化消解酸体系、消解酸的量、微波消解程序等前处理条件建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子放射光谱法,同时测定ABS塑料中Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni 4种元素的方法。结果表明:对于微波消解法采用8 m L硝酸、2 m L过氧化氢和1.5 m L氟硼酸组合的消解效果最优,消解完成后,消解液澄清,各元素检出限低于0.82 mg/kg,相对标准偏差最高为6.98%;用加标回收的方法评价了该方法的准确性,加标回收率为76.2%～85.6%。该方法消解效果彻底、检出限低、精确度高、准确度好。     

Flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile

The flotation of niobite, fersmite, and ilmenorutile was studied using 3 collectors with various concentration and pulp pH. The collecting property of different representative collectors was investigated. Experimental results show that diphosphonic acid is an effective collector for valuable niobium-containing minerals. A flotation recovery of 90.87%-91.7% is obtained with 75 mg/L diphosphonic acid at pH 2-4. The chemical adsorption of diphosphonic acid on these 3 minerals’ surface might lead to the high re...     

Cu2+、Cd2+和三苯基锡对小锥实螺(Galba pervia)的毒性作用

研究了铜(Cu2+)、镉(Cd2+)、三苯基锡(TPT)对小锥实螺(Galba pervia)的毒性作用。结果表明,Cu2+对小锥实螺的幼螺和成螺的24 h-LC50为1.36和5.14 mg.L-1,Cd2+对幼螺和成螺的24 h-LC50分别为0.56和7.46 mg.L-1,TPT对幼螺和成螺的24h-LC50为0.020和0.25 mg.L-1。Cu2+浓度为0.04、0.08 mg.L-1时,小锥实螺对Cu2+的BCF是781、656;TPT浓度为10、15、20μg.L-1时,小锥实螺对TPT的BCF是2 648、1 7881、377;Cd2+浓度为0.4、0.8、1.0、1.4 mg.L-1时,小锥实螺内脏的BCF是597、146、94、46,腹足的BCF是333、69、47、24,壳的BCF是427、87、63、24。随着Cu2+、Cd2+和TPT浓度的升高,孵化天数先变少后变多,孵化率逐渐下降。刚孵化出的幼螺的心率在74 bpm左右,但是生长1 d后,随着Cu2+、Cd2+、TPT浓度的升高,幼螺的心率下降很快,从74 bpm下降到30 bpm左右。     

诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石抗生素药物体外释放性能的研究

采用共沉淀法,以Mg2A1-N0,-LDHs为主体,利用水滑石层问阴离子的可交换性,通过离子交换法合成诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石。讨论了诺氟沙星柱撑水滑石在不同pH值条件下的体外释放效果。采用FT／IR、XRD、SEM技术对产物的结构进行了表征,采用TG-DSC技术对产物的热稳定性进行研究,同时通过紫外一可见分光光度计和片剂四用测定仪检测其体外释放效果。诺氟沙星阴离子被插入水滑石层间,其在pH=8．4时有较好的释放效果。结果表明,水滑石是很好的药物载体。     

乙烷-1,1,2-三羧酸三乙酯的合成工艺优化

以丙二酸二乙酯为原料,在强碱的作用下与氯乙酸乙酯反应得到乙烷-1,1,2-三羧酸三乙酯.采用新的非质子性溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,通过单因素实验,研究了反应条件对产物收率的影响.发现氢化钠为碱时收率最高,故在氢化钠为碱时,进一步通过正交实验,优化了反应工艺条件.得到的最优条件为投料比n（丙二酸二乙酯）：n（氢化钠）：n（氯乙酸乙酯）=1.4：1：1,反应温度为40℃,时间为8h,氯乙酸乙酯的滴加时间为45 min,在该条件下产品收率达到83.3％.产物用IR和1H NMR进行了表征.     

Microstructure, cold rolling, heat treatment, and mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloys

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the α (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm3. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300°C for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300°C×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.     

Preparation,Characterization, and Catalytic Performance of MoS_2 Photocatalyst

The hydrothermal method was used to prepare MoS_2 photocatalyst with the raw materials of MoO_3 and KSCN, and the prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The catalytic performance of MoS_2 photocatalyst obtained at different reaction temperatures was studied, meanwhile the effects of different concentrations and different pH on degradation rate of methylene blue(MB) were investigated. The results show that those prepared photocatalyst samples are of nanometer scale, which exhibits better photocatalytic activity. When preparing MoS_2 photocatalyst, the higher temperature of the hydrothermal reaction, the greater the photocatalytic performance will be, and the crystallinity can be higher as well. As for degrading MB, the higher the concentration of MB is, the worse the degradation effect will be. The prepared photocatalyst was observed to show better degrading performance for MB solution under acidic condition, when pH was taken into consideration.     

Preparation,Characterization, and Formation Mechanism of Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Whiskers

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers were synthesized successfully via one-step hydrothermal crystallization method using phosphogypsum at 130 °C for 240 min with an initial slurry mass fraction of 2.5 wt%. The phase compositions, microstructures, thermal properties and molecular structures of asprepared samples were analyzed by XRD, ESEM, EDS, TG-DTA, and FT-IR. The influence of raw materials' ball-milling time on the morphologies of whiskers was investigated. The effects of impurities on crystallization morphologies and length to diameter ratio(L/D) of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers were studied. The results indicated that the calcium sulfate dihydrate crystalline could be translated directly into fibrous calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers. It was beneficial to form fine fiber structure when the ball-milling time of the raw material was 15 min. Aspect ratio of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers decreased with increasing content of impurities. Moreover, the relative growth mechanism of whisker crystals via one-step hydrothermal crystallization method was discussed in detail.     

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TENSILE STRENGTH,BREAKING ELONCATION,CRYSTALLINITY AND ORIENTAHON OF SILK

In this paper,the relation between the tensile strength,breaking elongationand the Crystallinity,Orientation of silk was studied,which obtalned from thecocoons with different silk worm races,sexes,cocooning conditions.The Crystallinity and degree of Crystal Orientation of fibroin were determinedby the X-ray diffraction.and the birefringence of fibroin was measured withInterference microscope.The research showed that the dependence of strength and elongation of rawsilk on Its crystailinity was not so closed.Although there was linear correlation ofstrength with the birefringence and the degree of crystal orientation of fibroin.But the correlation coefficient of the former was larger than the latter.Therefore,adopting birefringence method which would reflected the degree of orlentation ofboth the amorphous and crystalline region of fibroln was suitable for consideringthe strength.The correlation coefficients of strength and elongation withbirefringence were 0.96 and 0.77 respectively.The latter one was smal