基于可视化的型坯拉伸吹胀模式的研究

在型坯再加热条件不变的情况下，通过全透明模具和数码摄像机研究了两步法拉伸吹塑中拉伸与吹气的时序（即预吹气延迟时间t0）对型坯拉伸吹胀模式的影响。研究表明，t0是影响拉伸吹胀模式的一个关键因素，随着t0的增加，型坯预先被拉伸的轴向长度也增加，这时瓶肩的厚度减小，瓶底的厚度增大。实验观察到型坯的拉伸吹胀存在海豚型、积沙型和截圈型3种模式。以海豚型模式成型时，型坯在轴向和径向同时得到充分地拉伸，成型瓶壁厚分布最合要求，积沙型次之，而以截圈型得到的瓶子不合要求。     

连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯层合板非等温拉伸成型质量研究

采用自行设计的模具,对双层玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GFRTP）复合材料单向层合板进行了半球形非等温拉伸成型试验,结合显微观察等手段,就复合材料单向层合板预热温度、拉伸速率等对制件厚度分布、成型质量的影响进行了研究。结果表明,提高预热温度可导致制件变薄;提高拉伸速率可改善制件的表面质量,当拉伸速率超过150 mm/min时制件会产生拉裂和脱层的缺陷。     

PET注拉吹制品壁厚分布的研究

通过注射拉伸吹塑实验分析了二次吹胀压力、拉伸杆速度以及吹胀延迟时间对瓶子轴向壁厚分布的影响。实验结果表明：吹胀压力的改变对瓶子轴向壁厚分布影响不大，拉伸杆速度与吹胀延迟时间的变化对瓶子轴向壁厚分布有显著影响。吹胀延迟时间的改变会形成不同的型坯轮廓发展模式，在注拉吹可视化实验结果的基础上，结合应力和温度场两方面的因素解释了型坯轮廓发展模式的成因。     

PET/PEN瓶注拉吹成型工艺研究

利用Moldflow软件模拟分析了一模两腔PET/PEN瓶坯的注射成型过程,预测塑件成型过程中可能出现的缺陷,优化冷却水道直径、布局和浇注系统尺寸,提出优化的注射成型方案,然后利用注塑机和PET/PEN瓶坯模具注射成型高质量的瓶坯,再利用吹瓶机等设备拉伸-吹塑成型PET/PEN瓶,这样可确保成型瓶子的厚度均匀分布,以生产合格的PET/PEN瓶.     

应变速率对鼠标模外装饰贴膜效果的影响分析

采用聚丙烯（PP）薄膜对鼠标外壳进行模外装饰贴膜,采用有限元方法对该成型过程进行模拟仿真,获得了薄膜厚度的分布、应力分布及其在x、y方向变形分布,并对其工艺参数的选择作了分析。采用不同的工艺参数模拟该成型过程,重点研究了不同的应变速率对最终成型的影响。结果表明,当应变速率增大时,薄膜的厚度和应力值也随之增大,对在x、y方向上变形影响较小,并且不同的加载方式对成型效果影响比较大。     

聚碳酸酯注射成型制品力学性能的Taguchi分析

采用Taguchi分析方法考察了注射成型工艺参数对聚碳酸酯(PC)力学性能的影响。结果表明,注射成型工艺参数对PC的拉伸强度影响较大,对弯曲强度和冲击强度影响较小;方差分析结果表明,模具温度对拉伸强度的影响最大,注射压力和冷却时间次之,熔体温度的影响最小;模具温度降低,熔体冷却固化层厚度增加,取向程度增大,拉伸强度增加;同时结果表明Taguchi分析方法可以准确地对优选出的成型工艺制备的PC试样的拉伸强度进行预测,其预测值与测量值的偏差仅为0.75%。     

双轴向拉伸吹塑成型技术原理和实验研究

针对传统拉伸吹塑工艺生产出的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)瓶具有底部积料严重、材料拉伸不充分等缺点,提出双轴向拉伸吹塑方法。在双轴向拉伸吹塑中,模具的底模中心设置一根下杆,下杆在吹塑过程中上升到一定高度并停留一段时间,使底部材料能够充分拉伸,然后下杆卸载,上杆继续下降至底模位置,瓶坯在高气压下进一步成型为瓶子。通过实验和运用仿真软件Polyflow,对质量85 g体积4 500 mL的PET瓶分别在双轴向拉伸吹塑工艺和现有拉伸吹塑工艺下成型进行对比,发现双轴向拉伸吹塑能明显降低瓶底的厚度和质量。通过对比两种工艺在底部开始发生大幅度变形时刻的温度分布,数据表明在双轴向拉伸吹塑工艺中瓶底部分在接触模具之前保持高温状态的时间更长。分别对下杆停留时间、下杆上升延迟时间和下杆上升高度三项重要影响参数进行实验研究,三个参数均能显著降低瓶底质量,而且下杆上升高度会影响瓶整体材料分布。     

热塑性聚氨酯模压成型工艺优化

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为原料,采用模压成型工艺制备了TPU薄膜,探究了工艺参数(压制温度、压制时间、保压压力、冷却速率)对TPU薄膜外观形貌、厚度和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,若压制温度过高或压制时间过长,容易使TPU热分解,导致TPU薄膜产生气泡;压制温度较低或压制时间较短,则容易造成TPU薄膜厚度偏高.TPU薄膜的...     

基于正交试验的PET瓶拉伸吹塑优化设计

针对部分聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）成型瓶靠近底端壁厚较小的缺陷,采用Polyflow仿真软件对PET瓶拉伸吹塑成型过程进行数值模拟。重点采用交互作用的正交试验方法,对瓶坯的加热温度、拉伸杆拉伸速度、预吹压力、延迟时间和高吹压力等工艺参数进行优化组合,使瓶子的最小厚度增大,瓶体更加均匀。结果表明,较优组合工艺参数分别为：延迟时间0.06 s、拉伸速度为1.6 m/s、预吹压力0.7 MPa、瓶坯温度110 ℃;优化后最小壁厚增大了28 %,瓶体壁厚均匀度提高了63 %。     

PP和PS拉伸性能测试的影响因素研究

研究了不同拉伸速率及不同制样方式对PP和PS材料拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响.结果表明随着拉伸速率的增大,以上两种材料的拉伸强度均有所增加,而断裂伸长率却呈现出不同的变化;PS注塑成型试样的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都明显高于压制成型的,PP注塑成型试样的断裂伸长率比压制成型的增加了69%,而拉伸强度几乎没改变,制得了"强而韧"的试样.     

Orientation and crystalline morphology of blow molded polyethylene bottles

A study was carried out of the development of orientation during processing of conventional blow molded bottles made from low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The level of molecular orientation was found to be relatively low in all of the polyethylene bottles examined; it increased with increasing inflation pressure and decreasing extrusion temperature. Pole figures for the HDPE bottles indicated a slight a-axis orientation toward the circumferential direction of the bottle. The b-axes, which correspond to the lamellar growth direction, tend to be parallel to the bottle thickness direction. A comparison was made of the structure developed in blow molded bottles and blown films. The results for both films and bottles indicate that crystallization during processing involves both an increase in level of molecular orientation and an increased tendency toward biaxiality. Based on pole figures and small angle X-ray scattering patterns, a morphological model for HDPE blow molded bottles is proposed.     

干酪素高速贴标胶粘剂的研制

介绍用干酪素、聚丙烯酰胺、尿素、淀粉为原料制成了能适用于36，000瓶／小时以上的啤酒生产线的高速贴标胶粘剂。研究了各种因素对胶粘剂性能的影响。结果表明，胶粘剂的粘度、干燥速度、冷藏稳定性随干酪素用量的增加而增大；贮藏稳定性随pH值增加而上升；聚丙烯酰胺用量增加时，粘度也有较大的增加。     

运用三维有限元对啤酒瓶进行轻量化研究

运用三维和前限单元法建立了啤酒瓶的应力分布数学模型，在此基础上模拟了厚度分布和造型对啤酒瓶应力分布的影响，通过优化造型设计、厚度分布，在保证强度的前提下，实现了啤酒瓶的轻量化。     

加工工艺对MCOOPA/HDPE阻隔性能影响

由乙烯-丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐共聚物(CP)与共聚尼龙(COPA)在双螺杆挤出机中进行反应共混制备改性共聚尼龙(MCOPA)。采用MCOPA／高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)材料制备高阻隔性中空吹塑瓶。对制品的加工工艺、阻隔性能、形态结构等进行了研究。结果表明,加工工艺对制品阻隔性能会有很大的影响。同时形态分析表明．吹塑瓶瓶口、瓶身、瓶底各个部位的横断面和纵断面都具有清晰、连续的层状结构。     

Effects of processing conditions on the barrier properties of polyethylene (PE)/modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE)/polyamide (PA) blends

Different modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE) resins were prepared by reactive extrusion of different contents of a compatibilizer precursor (CP) with either polyamide (PA) or polyethylene (PE). The MPE and MPA resins were then blow‐molded with designed amounts of PA or PE resins to prepare four different sets of MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles with the same CP, PA, and PE compositions. Somewhat surprisingly, the xylene permeation resistance of the MPE bottles is worse than that of the base PE bottle and decreases consistently as MPE contains more CP. In contrast, the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles exhibit much better xylene permeation resistance than that of the base PE bottle, wherein the PE/MPA bottles show significantly better permeation resistance than that of the corresponding MPE/PA bottles prepared at the same blow‐molding conditions. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the xylene permeation rate of each of the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles prepared at a fixed extrusion temperature reaches a minimum when prepared with an optimum screw speed near 400 rpm. Similarly, at a fixed screw speed, the highest permeation resistance of each PE/MPA bottle is always obtained when prepared at an optimum extrusion temperature of about 230^oC. However, the xylene permeation resistance of each MPE/PA bottle improves consistently when prepared at the higher extrusion temperatures used in this study. These interesting phenomena were investigated in terms of the morphology, thermal analysis of the PE/MPA and MPE/PA blends, the compatibility between PE (or MPE) and MPA (or PA), and the viscosity ratios of MPA (or PA) to PE (or MPE) during the blow‐molding process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1997–2008, 2000     

新型叠层功能复合材料的制备装置及其性能研究

介绍了新型叠层共挤出技术。利用新型叠层复合材料装置制备了PP/PP、LLDPE/LLDPE交替多层复合材料,并着重研究了螺杆转速对叠层复合材料层厚比的影响。结果表明:螺杆转速决定了层厚的变化,螺杆转速比越大层,厚比越大。     

Characterisation of biaxial orientation gradients in poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and bottles using polarised attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy

Polarised attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy has been used to quantify biaxial orientation in commercially manufactured poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and stretch-blow moulded bottles. Using a single-bounce accessory with a high refractive index element, and applying appropriate data normalisation prior to measuring band intensities, measurement of the average square direction cosines that describe the orientation is simple. Using this technique it was shown that uniaxially drawn PET films were actually biaxially oriented, and there were significant gradients in orientation through the film thickness. Bulk measurements, or methods that assume uniaxial orientation, would give incorrect results from these materials. The bottles exhibited complex orientation patterns that depended on preform and mould design, and again there were strong orientation gradients through the bottle walls. Kratky's model (pseudo-affine) was used in an attempt to predict the biaxial orientation gradients as a function of preform and bottle dimensions.     

Visualization study and analysis on preform growth in polyethylene terephthalate stretch blow molding

In stretch blow molding (SBM) process, the preform growth during the stretching and blowing is critical to the thickness distribution and properties of the final bottle. Whereas the thickness distribution is one of the most important criteria in the production of bottles. So this work focused on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) preform growth using a transparent mold, through which the instantaneous images of the preform in the stretching and blowing stage were captured. By changing the delay time of the preblow, the three preform growth types, referred to as dolphin, sandpile, and two‐bubble, were observed. The longitudinal and hoop stresses acting on the preform segment during the stretching and blowing were analyzed. Two parameters, on which the longitudinal and hoop stresses depend, respectively, were defined. Then combining the geometry and sizes of the preform, the stresses and temperature distribution on it, and the stress–strain curves of the PET material used, the cause for different preform growth types was systematically analyzed. On the basis of preform growth types, the thickness distributions of the bottles obtained under different delay times of the preblow were explained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 564–573, 2007     

Anisotropy and dimensions of blow-molded polyethylene bottles

A commercial blow-molding grade, high-density polyethylene resin was employed to produce cylindrical bottles in a commercial reciprocating screw-extrusion blow-molding machine. The distributions of thickness, crystallinity, birefringence, and impact strength were obtained at various positions. The thickness is greatest near the parting lines, while minimum thickness occurs at the top and bottom of the bottle. The thickness tends to be uniform in the middle section, in agreement with earlier studies of the parison during processing. Density and crystallinity distributions are closely associated with the distribution of thickness and its effect on the cooling rates prevailing during molding. Frozen stresses and birefringence are largest at the outer surface, where cooling rates are highest. The impact strength is lowest near the parting line. Photomicrographs suggest that this is associated with internal flow and crystallization phenomena.