基于Matlab的涡街流量计小波去噪研究

应力式涡街流量计采用压电传感器,其输出的电荷信号不仅幅值极小,而且常受噪声影响,尤其是低流速情况下,噪声信号甚至能覆盖流量信号,使得信噪比很低,低流速时涡街信号处理成为研究难题。小波分析法是一种新兴的信号处理技术,通过将不同频率成分分解到多个不同频带上,能有效的解决信噪分离、信号滤波和特征提取等问题。应用小波阈值去噪法,在Matlab中对不同频率的涡街信号进行了仿真研究,得出当涡街信号的频率为5Hz到30Hz、采样频率为1k Hz时,可以在四至六这三层的小波分解频段中选择最佳分解尺度。并从处理结果来看,该方法有效的去除了由无规律振动引起的噪声,同时随着涡街信号频率的增强,去噪效果越来越好。     

基于小波分析的涡街信号去噪算法在DSP中的实现

以数字信号处理器(DSP)为开发平台,将小波变换应用于涡街流量计,采用小波阈值去噪对涡街流量计信号进行处理,并提出了一种改进的小波阈值选取方法.实验结果表明该算法对涡街信号提取和噪声去除效果良好,可扩大量程范围,提高涡街流量计的测量精度.而且,DSP的应用又保证了实时性.     

基于SVD的涡街流量计信号处理方法

针对涡街信号处理中振动干扰及噪声信号难以分离的问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)的信号处理方法。在获取涡街传感器输出的两路差分信号的基础上,利用噪声系数对两路信号进行合成,并采用SVD对信号的主要频率成分进行分解。通过对涡街信号幅频关系的分析,将有效信号分量从分解出来的频率成分中提取出来,进而计算出信号的频率。测试结果表明利用SVD可以有效提取信号中的主要频率成分,滤除杂乱噪声及振动干扰信号,提高涡街流量计信号处理的准确度与抗干扰性。     

基于DSP的涡街流量计小波去噪研究平台

涡街流量计是一种朝着高精度、低功耗以及数字化方向发展的广泛应用的流量仪表。但在低流速下,噪声信号会淹没涡街信号。因此,如何提高低流速信噪比成为研究热点。随着DSP处理技术的发展,借助于DSP强大的数据运行能力和数据处理能力,可将其成功实现。设计了一套应用小波阈值去噪理论搭建的DSP平台,主要设计了信号调理电路。并通过在该DSP平台对不同频率数据进行采集、处理和分析,得出将该研究平台作为涡街信号处理的研究工具是可行的。     

基于EMD的幅值归一化涡街流量计信号处理

采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对涡街信号中混杂的干扰噪声进行滤除,提取出真实的涡街信号。该方法首先将原始信号输至二阶低通滤波器进行幅值归一化,然后将处理后的信号经EMD算法分解成各噪声分量和真实涡街信号分量,进一步通过施密特阈值翻转法统计频率并且判别出真实的涡街信号所在的分量,从而达到提取涡街信号的目的。最后,通过对在线涡街流量信号进行仿真分析,验证了该数字信号处理方法的有效性。     

高精度DSP涡街信号处理方案

针对涡街流量计信号较为微弱、易受噪声干扰等问题,以TMS320LF2407A DSP微处理器为核心,设计了高精度涡街信号处理系统.具体介绍了系统结构,并给出了详细的硬件设计方案.采用Mallat快速小波变换的算法实现涡街信号去噪,并概述了系统软件设计方法.仿真试验表明,该系统具有精度高、实时性强、性价比高等特点,有一定的工程实用价值.     

基于VMD和小波阈值的ECG肌电干扰去噪处理

针对现有心电信号肌电干扰去噪方法的不足,本文提出利用变分模态分解和小波阈值相结合的方法对心电信号肌电干扰进行去噪处理,该方法通过对含噪心电信号进行变分模态分解,确定信号主导模态分量与噪声主导模态分量,噪声主导模态分量的小波阈值变换和重构无噪心电信号,共四步实现对含有肌电干扰的心电信号的去噪处理。其中,通过分析研究所有模态分量中心频率的分布,确定变分模态分解的层数,多组仿真与真实含噪心电信号的相关实验表明。本文所提出的去噪方法可有效去除心电信号中的肌电干扰,且去噪效果优于小波阈值法、变分模态分解法和经验模式分解法。     

基于EMD和SST算法的闪电电场信号去噪研究

为进一步减少噪声对闪电电场信号的干扰,提出了一种经验模态分解(EMD)和同步压缩小波变换(SST)相结合的组合去噪方法。利用EMD算法能够自适应分解信号和SST算法可将噪声压缩为点状噪声或颗粒状噪声并集中分布的特点,从而选用中值滤波达到对噪声的抑制。利用该方法对标准闪电波和自然闪电波信号分别进行去噪处理,并运用信噪比、相关系数和均方误差对去噪效果进行了定量分析。实验结果表明,所提去噪方法相比于传统小波阈值去噪法、单独用EMD算法和单独用SST算法均取得了较好的去噪效果。     

基于VMD分解和小波阈值去噪的时差估计算法

为了提高时差定位算法的精度,提出了一种基于VMD分解和小波阈值去噪的时差估计算法。通过VMD分解将信号分解成若干个分量,再利用小波阈值去噪对各个分量进行去噪,最后将信号重构进行互相关得到信号的时延值。仿真结果表明,该方法优于直接小波阈值去噪的时差参数估计算法,具有更高的准确度和稳定性。     

基于双调制随机共振的涡街信号检测方法

研究一种用于涡街流量计涡街频率测量的随机共振信号处理方法.探讨了信号与双稳系统的阈值和克莱默斯逃逸率之间的关系,通过外加幅值和频率可调的信号进行双重调制,实现信号与双稳系统的匹配,数值仿真表明该匹配方式是可行和有效的.针对涡街信号,提出基于标准差的调制参数选取方法,该方法利用涡街信号特征,通过信号标准差估计管道内流速,缩小了调制参数的选取范围,提高了信号与双稳系统匹配的效率.实验结果表明,利用标准差选取调制参数对涡街信号进行调制,可以有效地使涡街信号,特别是弱涡街信号产生随机共振,进而检测到涡街频率,实现流量测量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.