Magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 smallparticles

The magnetic properties of small BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles about 50 nm in size have been studied; the emphasis was on small-size effects. The compound formation of the hexagonal structure was made at a relatively low temperature; the small particle size made this result possible. As compared to the bulk value, a significantly reduced saturation magnetization is observed for these particles; this agrees with similar reports made earlier by several authors. To examine these phenomena further, Mossbauer spectra were obtained with high magnetic field applied longitudinally (H_ex=16.4 and 50 kOe). The spectra show the presence of recalcitrant spins where the spin configuration has a noncollinear arrangement that even a 50-kOe magnetic field does not remove. This hard-to-saturate component may lie in the surface layer of the Ba-ferrite small particles. The data also provide evidence that the Fe ions in the bipyramidal (2b) sites undergo magnetic-field-induced oscillations at 4.2 K     

Permanently magnetic BaFe12O19 foams: Synthesis and characterization

In the present study, permanently magnetic barium ferrite foams synthesized using a replication technique were characterized. Structural analysis have shown that the products are single phase of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and pore sizes reach up to 1 mm in diameter with a significantly uniform distribution. Magnetic properties were examined and compared with that of a sintered compact sample. It was observed that magnets become slightly harder with porosity. Our findings reveal that these materials may be applied to different technologies and can be used for understanding the physical interactions of hybrid structures.     

Magnetic properties of acicular BaFe12O19particles prepared by microwave plasma sintering

Acicular α-FeOOH particles coated with barium ions were irradiated with microwaves under an oxygen pressure of 20 torr to prepare fine BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles by a plasma reaction. The fine acicular particles has an aspect ratio of about 13 and a magnetization of 43.5 emu/g and contained small amounts of α-Fe₂O₃ and BaFe₂O₄. The particles were mixed with a binder, and the resulting mixture was formed into a coating under a magnetic field of 7 kOe applied vertically to the surface of the film. The squareness ratio in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the coating film was 0.83 without any correction for the demagnetizing field. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the long axes of the BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles all were aligned parallel to the film base. The cross-sections of the particles were rectangular when observed by TEM. It follows that the easy axes of the particles are perpendicular to their long axes     

Formation of rod‐shaped BaFe12O19 nanoparticles with well magnetic properties

A facile approach to preparing rod‐shaped nanoparticles of barium ferrite was developed by combination of hydrothermal and annealing process in air. The magnetic nanorods with diameters ∼ 40 nm and lengths ∼ 150 nm were clearly visible in TEM and SEM images. Magnetic measurements showed that the rod‐like BaFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles exhibited a great coercive field and high saturation magnetization of up to 4511 Oe and 67.3 emu/g, respectively. It is found that heat treatment in air can create less oxygen vacancies, which dramatically affects the Fe-O-Fe superexchange coupling. The results of this paper suggest that oxygen vacancies should be responsible for the decrease of saturation magnetization in nanosized magnetic materials.     

Effect of external magnetic field on the deposition of BaFe12O19

The contribution of an external magnetic field on the deposition of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ thin film was investigated. For this purpose, two (one with applied field and another without field) thin films of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ were deposited on the C-plane oriented sapphire (Al₂O₃) substrate employing pulsed laser deposition technique. Crystallographic orientation and texture were determined using an X-ray diffractometer. The magnetic parameters were deduced from a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A spectrometer was used to study the optical properties of the films. The structural results reveal the film to be predominantly single phase with C-plane orientation in both the cases. The film deposited with field, however, has bigger grain size and more perfection in crystallinity. The magnetic parameters show that the film deposited with the field has more remanence magnetization and higher coercive field. The diffuse reflectance of the film deposited with field is much higher due to the increased grain size and roughness.     

Crystallization of the amorphous BaFe2O4 film prepared by rf-sputtering

Amorphous BaFe₂O₄ film was deposited on both the slide-glass and silica-glass substrates by applying the rf-sputtering technique. On heating the film above 500°c, the high-temperature modification of BaFe₂O₄ crystallized on the slide-glass substrate on one hand, and the low-temperature form crystallized on the silica-glass substrate on the other hand. A remarkable preferred orientation with (001) of BaFe₂O₄ parallel to the surface of the substrates was observed in a thin film with thickness less than 1 μm.     

Epitaxial and polycrystalline BaFe12O19 thin films grown by chemical vapour deposition

Epitaxial and polycrystalline barium hexaferrite BaFe₁₂O₁₉ thin films were prepared by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Films were grown by a liquid MOCVD technique which aim is to control precisely the precursor vapour pressures. Two kinds of substrates were used: sapphire (001) and silicon thermally oxidized. On Si/SiO₂ films are polycrystalline and the magnetization is isotropic. On Al₂O₃ (001), structural studies reveal the films to be predominantly single phase, well crystallized without annealing procedure and with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane; epitaxial relationships between the film and the substrate were determined. The magnetic parameters, deduced from vibrating sample magnetometer measurements, show a high dependence of the magnetization with the orientation of the field with respect to the surface of the film.     

Infrared and microwave absorbing properties of BaTiO3/polyaniline and BaFe12O19/polyaniline composites

BaTiO₃/polyaniline and BaFe₁₂O₁₉/polyaniline composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization and introduced into epoxy resin and polyethylene to be microwave and infrared absorber. The spectroscopic characterizations of the formation processes of BaTiO₃/polyaniline and BaFe₁₂O₁₉/polyaniline composites were examined using Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron spin resonance. Microwave absorbing properties were investigated by measuring reflection loss in the 2–18 and 18–40 GHz microwave frequency range using the free space method. The thermal extinction measurements in the 3–5 and 8–12 μm were done to evaluate the shielding affectivity of infrared. The results showed that the BaTiO₃/polyaniline and BaFe₁₂O₁₉/polyaniline composites have good compatible dielectric and magnetic properties and hence the microwave absorbency show broad frequencies absorbing properties. Moreover, the infrared thermal image testing that the detecting ability of infrared thermal imaging was decreased when the BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and BaTiO₃ was coating with polyaniline.     

A simple synthesis route for high quality BaFe12O19 magnets

The present investigation reports the detailed analysis of the influence of B₂O₃-doping on magnetic and structural properties of hexagonal barium ferrites (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) synthesized via conventional ceramic technique. The results show that crystalline structure of barium ferrite is improved with small amounts of B₂O₃ between 0.1 and 1.0 wt%. Single phase particles has been obtained by 1.0 wt% B₂O₃-doping with calcination at temperatures as low as 850 °C and a range of boron concentration and calcination temperature has been extended in order to find the best synthesis conditions. Optimal properties have been achieved by 0.2 wt% of B₂O₃-doping and calcination at 1000 °C. The remanence and the saturation magnetizations increase considerably by about 40% in magnitude with B₂O₃.     

Poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine)/BaFe12O19 composite: Preparation and characterization

A novel poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine)/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite was synthesized by a simple and general in-situ polymerization method. The structure, morphology and properties of the resulting composite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, UV-visible spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic measurements. It was found that the spherical poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine)/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.     

Structural properties of Al2O3-La2O3 binary oxides prepared by sol-gel

The structural properties of La₂O₃ and Al₂O₃-La₂O₃ binary oxides prepared by sol-gel were studied by XRD, HRTEM and UV-vis. The binary oxides with high lanthana contents show an amorphous structure after calcination at 650 °C. At calcination temperatures higher than 1000 °C there is a phase transformation from the amorphous state to the crystalline LaAlO₃ with a perovskite structure. The structure of La₂O₃ is consistent with the hexagonal system; however, some crystalline microdomains with a monoclinic structure were detected by HRTEM. Islands of La₂O₃ and LaAl₁₁O₁₈ phases were detected at high lanthana concentration in the binary oxide. The modification in the coordination shell of the Al³⁺ cations due to the interaction with La³⁺ cations confirms the formation of phases with a perovskite structure and the presence of islands of the LaAl₁₁O₁₈ phase.     

Solvent-free synthesis of hexagonal barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) particles

M-type barium ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) particles, from a mixture of barium nitrate, ferric nitrate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and ammonium carbonate, have been successfully prepared through simple grinding and calcination in the absence of any solvent. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer, whose results indicate that they have well crystalline phase of BaFe₁₂O₁₉, typically hexagonal platelet-like structure, large saturation magnetization, even submicrometer particle size under the optimum condition. Meanwhile, the effects of Fe/Ba ratio, CTAB, and ammonium carbonate are also investigated. It has been found that the proper Fe/Ba ratio could suppress the intermediate phase such as α-Fe₂O₃ and BaFe₂O₄, CTAB could promote the crystallinity of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ and produce hexagonal crystal structure, and ammonium carbonate was the key for forming BaFe₁₂O₁₉ phase. This facile method may be helpful for the preparation of other multicomponent functional materials.     

Lattice properties of YBa2Cu3?xCoxO7: Pilot calculations using effective medium theory

We report preliminary total energy calculations for YBa₂Cu_3–xCo_xO₇ of the lattice parameters and of the Raman-active phonon modes, particularly of the apex oxygen, within the so-called effective-medium theory. Experimentally it is found that substitution of Cu(1) by Co (or Al) introduces a correlation between the apex oxygen mode and the critical temperature, and that this correlation reflects the variation in distance between the O(4) and Cu(2), that decreases with doping, and between the Ba and Cu(2), that on the contrary increases with doping. The picture that emerges from this study is the following: as the Co (or Al) atoms partially substitute the Cu(1), there is a reduction of the hole carriers in the plane. This picture is supported by the present pilot calculation.     

CO2 absorption and desorption of Bi2O3-La2O3 powders prepared by mechanical synthesis

In order to obtain CO₂-absorbents to eliminate CO₂ concentration locally, Bi₂O₃-La₂O₃ mixed powders were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method using a planetary ball-milling machine. CO₂-absorption and desorption properties were checked by TG-DTA for the obtained powder samples. As a result, the sample shown by (Bi₂O₃)_1−x(La₂O₃)_x [x≤0.50] was found to form α-Bi₂O₃-solid solution with repeated CO₂-adsorption and desorption around 400- 500 °C. Absorbed and desorbed CO₂ contents varied with MA time: the 72 h MA’ed sample had a larger CO₂ content than the 24 h MA’ed sample. The performance depended on the sample composition, and (Bi₂O₃)_0.70(La₂O₃)_0.30 was found to have the highest performance in the present system.     

NMR study of the cation distribution in the systems Li1+5xTa1−xO3 and Li1+xTa1−xTixO3

A ⁷Li NMR study of members of the solid-solution systems Li_1+5xTa_1?xO₃ and Li_1+xTa_1?xTi_xO₃ has indicated that the excess Li⁺ ions occupy interstitial tetrahedral sites in the former. In the latter system, the Li⁺ ions appear to occupy interstitial tetrahedral sites for small values of x, but mostly octahedral sites for x > 0.1. Defect-cluster models are proposed that rationalize these findings as well as the evolution with x of the ferroelectric Curie temperature.     

Effect of PbO-SiO2 and PbO-B2O3 flux systems on the crystalline and magnetic properties of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite prepared from the mixed powders

Lead borate and lead silicate were added to lower the sintering temperature of a Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ ferrite prepared from the blend of two types of powders and to homogenize the grain size. 5PbO·SiO₂ and 5PbO·B₂O₃ flux systems were added to lower the sintering temperature and diminish the magnetic loss at high frequencies. The ferrites were studied by bulk density, scanning electron microscopy and impedance analysis. It was found that the addition of PbO markedly accelerated the grain growth, while SiO₂ and B₂O₃ were found to be effective to obstruct the movement of grain boundaries and to minimize the grain size. Doping with PbO in the mixed powders appropriately increased the densification and initial permeability. The ferrite doped with 1% of 5PbO·SiO₂ possessed the lowest loss tangent (tgδ) in the range of 5 M-40 MHz and the highest threshold frequency.     

Structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial SnFe2O4 thin films

Epitaxial thin films of SnFe₂O₄ are deposited on sapphire substrate by ablating the sintered SnFe₂O₄ target with a KrF excimer laser (λ = 248 nm and pulsed duration of 20 ns). X-ray diffraction study reveals that SnFe₂O₄ films are epitaxial along (222) direction. The optical bandgap of SnFe₂O₄ film is estimated using transmittance vs. wavelength data and is observed to be 2.71 eV. The presence of hysteresis loop at room temperature in magnetization vs. field plot indicates the ferromagnetic behavior of the film. It is observed that the coercive field and remnant magnetization decrease with increase in temperature.     

Preparation and characterization of PbFe12−xGaxO19 single crystals

The single crystals of the magnetoplumbite type of the general formula Pb_12?xGa_xO₁₉ were prepared by the growing from lead oxide flux. The deviations from the ideal compositions are explained by the substitution of S and/or T blocks into the … SRS1R1SR … chains. The structural and magnetic study show on the change of the substitution mechanism of small metallic ions at x = 3. The last member of the serie was found the composition of x = 10.38. The limited mutual substitution of iron and gallium ions is probably caused by an unwillingness of gallium ions to enter into five-fold sites.     

碱度对水热法制备六角铁氧体BaFe12O19形貌和磁性能的影响

采用水热法制备M型六角铁氧体BaFe_(12)O_(19),运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和磁化测量系统研究了不同碱度条件(n(OH-)/n(Cl-)=3、6、9、12、15)对样品的物相、形貌和磁性的影响。结果表明,除n(OH-)/n(Cl-)=3有少量的杂相外,其他样品均为纯相;杂相用盐酸处理后消除。随着n(OH-)/n(Cl-)增加,颗粒平均尺寸起初增大随后不断减小,与之对应,磁化强度和矫顽力也呈现相同的变化趋势。