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浅谈从生物质制取液体燃料乙醇工艺 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
阐明了用生物质制体燃料乙醇的原因,提倡用清液发酵酒精,并采用耐高温酒精活性干酵母作为菌株,在酒精的提纯中采用盐溶精馏法,用无水硫酸钙进行酒精的气相脱水的办法和用株物作吸附剂的办法制取乙醇。 相似文献
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木质素中含有丰富的芳环结构,可以作为可持续再生的原料用于生产高值能源及化工品。但由于木质素结构复杂,现阶段用于制备生物液体燃料仍处于探索阶段。本文首先介绍了木质素通过催化热解、催化氢解、催化氧化3种解聚方式制备生物液体燃料的进展,分析了当前解聚产物存在低碳原子数、高氧含量的不足而导致其难以投入生产使用的现状,指出应通过C—C偶联方法(包括羟醛缩合、烷基化反应、寡聚反应以及Diels-Alder 反应)增加产物碳原子数、使用加氢脱氧(hydrodeoxygenation, HDO)工艺以降低产物氧含量,从而实现由木质素制备高密度生物液体燃料。最后对当前木质素制备高密度燃料所面临的挑战以及未来研究趋势进行了总结与展望,指出构建高效催化体系,耦合解聚、C—C偶联和HDO过程,将是该领域未来研究重点。 相似文献
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0 引言波兰社会经济的发展已开始受到能源的制约。由于石油资源少和外汇紧缺,波兰只能把煤作为主要能源,它在能源供应中的比例高达80%.人们预计在下一世纪石油就会耗尽,因此世界各国大力开展节约石油消耗的研究,以延缓石油枯竭的速度。同时,正在研究用其他原料来生产石油代用品。煤是最有前景的一次能源,其储量丰富,足够人们用上几百年。但 相似文献
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本文概要介绍了煤转化制煤基液体燃料国外生产工艺和国内科研中试情况,并根据我国以煤炭为主要能源构成的现状,提出发展贵州省煤基液体燃料的建议。 相似文献
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Recovery of liquid fuel from hydrocarbon-rich microalgae by thermochemical liquefaction 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Yutaka Dote Shigeki Sawayama Seiichi Inoue Tomoaki Minowa Shin-ya Yokoyama 《Fuel》1994,73(12):1855-1857
Liquefaction of Botryococcus braunii, a colony-forming microalga, with high moisture content was performed with or without sodium carbonate as a catalyst for conversion into liquid fuel and recovery of hydrocarbons. A greater amount of oil than the content of hydrocarbons in B. braunii (50 wt% db) was obtained, in a yield of 57–64 wt% at 300 °C. The oil was equivalent in quality to petroleum oil. The recovery of hydrocarbons was a maximum (>95%) at 300 °C. 相似文献
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在液体燃料合成浆态搅拌反应器中设置了以金属烧结板为过滤介质的内过滤器,实现固液分离。研究了压降、温度、搅拌转速、固含率、过滤介质孔径及颗粒粒径对过滤速率的影响。实验结果表明:在浆态反应器中进行内过滤可以得到澄清稳定的滤液;随着操作进行,滤饼厚度达到动态平衡,过滤速率最终趋于稳定;过滤速率随着压降、温度、过滤介质孔径、颗粒粒径的增大及搅拌转速、固含率的减小而增大。应用因次分析法建立过滤模型,通过麦夸特算法对实验数据进行最优拟合得到模型的参数值,统计检验以及模型计算值与实验值的比较表明该模型可靠。 相似文献
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以低碳烯烃为原料进行齐聚反应是制取清洁液体燃料的重要途径之一。目前,在烯烃齐聚反应的产业化发展中,开发具有高活性、高稳定性、产物分布集中的多相催化剂仍是重要的研究方向。本文概述了多相催化烯烃齐聚反应在酸性位点以及镍金属位点两种活性中心上的作用机理,并分别对C2=、C3=和混合烯烃的齐聚反应进行介绍;从多相催化剂的优化设计角度,具体包括载体的类型、孔道结构和活性中心的分布状态以及反应条件的优化等方面对当前的研究工作进行了综述。探讨了多相催化烯烃齐聚反应在制备液体燃料中存在的优势和问题,为进一步开发高选择性、长寿命的多相催化剂提供借鉴。 相似文献
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用离子液体脱除燃料油中有机硫化物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以咪唑类离子液体作为萃取脱硫剂,在正辛烷和甲苯的混合溶液中加入少量的噻吩构成油品模拟体系。采用正交实验,系统考察了单级萃取中温度、时间、剂油比以及离子液体碳数对脱硫效率的影响,得到了较优的脱硫条件:温度约60℃、萃取时间约40 min、剂油比为1∶1、侧链碳数为10。考察了多级脱硫效率以及离子液体的回收利用。结果表明,经过5级脱硫后,燃料油含硫可以达到欧Ⅲ标准,离子液体重复使用5次后,脱硫效率约降低了2%。回归得到了模拟油品中脱除噻吩的萃取动力学方程。该研究为基于离子液体的燃料油脱硫工艺提供了重要的基础。 相似文献
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Synthesis of new sulfonated copolyimides in organic and ionic liquid media for fuel cell application
New sulfonated copolyimides containing ether, carbonyl, and bulky naphthyl group in backbone were synthesized in two reaction media: organic solvent and ionic liquid media. For this purpose a new sulfonated diamine (BANBPDS) and an unsulfonated diamine (BANBP) was prepared through reactions of 4,4′‐dichlorobenzophenone‐3,3′‐disulfonic acid, and also 4,4′‐dichlorobenzophenone with 5‐amino‐1‐sodium naphthoxide, respectively. Three series of sulfonated copolyimide with different sulfonation contents (40–80%) were prepared by reaction of the sulfonated diamine (BANBPDS) in companion with three unsulfonated diamines including BANBP, 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), and 1,8‐diamino‐3,6‐dioxaoctane (DADO) with 1,4,5,8‐naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA). Two media were selected for preparation of copolyimides. Copolyimides synthesized in ionic liquid had higher inherent viscosity and higher molecular weight in comparison with similar copolyimides that were synthesized via common organic solvent method. Incorporation of flexible groups in polyimide structures increased solubility and processability of the copolyimides. After characterization of polymers with common methods, their water uptake, water stability, ion exchange capacity (IEC), thermal behavior and stability, crystallinity, and morphology were studied. The polymers showed suitable properties including high thermal stability and ion exchange capacity, which were the basic requirements for application as fuel cell membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 相似文献
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V. A. Arkhipov O. V. Matvienko V. F. Trofimov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2005,41(2):140-150
A physicomathematical model and results of numerical studies of aerodynamics and combustion of liquid fuel in a coaxial swirling flow of a gaseous oxidizer are presented. The characteristics of liquid-fuel spraying by a centrifugal injector were determined on the basis of experimental data obtained under isothermal conditions. The influence of flow swirling on the burner characteristics is analyzed.__________Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 26–37, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
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