从环境设计中营造居住区内的邻里关系

阐述了居住环境的社会功能，介绍了从环境设计中营造居住区内的邻里关系的方法，根据邻里关系的产生，提出应通过环境艺术设计去营造居住区内的邻里关系。     

居住建筑交往空间初探

针对现代居住建筑中邻里关系冷漠的问题，分析了现代居住建筑中如何改善邻里间的交往空间，并提出了各种交往空间都应该满足的三种场所心理。     

转变住区规划思想 促进邻里关系发展

从住宅市场化前后的住区邻里关系对比，找出邻里关系淡漠的原因，通过邻里活动对邻里关系的影响分析，进而从规划设计的角度提出住区规划思想需要做到的几点转变，从而促进邻里关系的发展。     

浅谈住区中的邻里关系

介绍了邻里关系的变革,阐述了邻里关系的复苏,从网络社会下的新地缘、聚合和分散的社区、择邻等方面对新邻里关系进行了探讨,指出邻里关系与楼市的发展、社会的发展息息相关,从而为相关问题的研究提供了理论依据。     

风景中的建筑——北京龙山新新小镇——山色远近

人们理想的生活环境——并不需要太过奢华，仅仅只是拥有齐备的功能．舒适的环境条件．和谐的邻里关系．便利的交通．配套设施．当然．还有一个没有污染．纯净清新的自然环境。     

谈小区设计中加强邻里关系的设计元素和方法

随着社会生产力的发展,人们对居住的追求已从简单的居者有其屋转向住房面积的扩大和居住环境的优化。自从我国实行商品房政策后,住房分配模式由原来的工厂分配主导逐渐转变为家庭收入高低主导。在此过程中,住户的流动性加强,居住于同一区域的陌生人越来越多,从前建立的相对稳定的邻里关系迅速瓦解,随之产生一系列社会问题,如居民的归属感缺失,安全感下降等。因此急需从各方面重建居民的邻里关系。下面就小区设计中一些影响邻里关系的设计手法作讨论。     

城市居住环境设计申关干邻里交往问题的思考

指出如何促进邻里交往、构建和谐社区是当前居住环境设计面临的巨大挑战,从邻里交往的现状出发,分析了邻里关系淡漠的原因,进而提出一系列促进邻里交往的环境设计手段,以改善邻里交往问题。     

城市居住环境设计中关于邻里交往问题的思考

指出如何促进邻里交往、构建和谐社区是当前居住环境设计面临的巨大挑战,从邻里交往的现状出发,分析了邻里关系淡漠的原因,进而提出一系列促进邻里交往的环境设计手段,以改善邻里交往问题。     

现代居住区环境设计的反思——以合肥地区为例

文章从居住小区环境设计的现状着手,通过对合肥地区居住小区的调研,来思考和讨论现代居住小区环境设计误区及其对居民的交往及和谐邻里关系建立的影响。     

保障房社区的邻里关系:影响因素与对策建议

伴随着保障房项目的大规模建成与交付使用,我国住房保障工作的重点正逐步转向规划建设与后期管理并重,而保障房社区的邻里关系状态是该小区后期管理水平和效果的集中体现。针对北京市 4 个典型保障房社区居民开展调查访谈,以了解典型保障房社区内居民邻里关系现状;应用 Ordered Logit 模型,对邻里关系的影响因素进行了分析。研究发现:居民在社区内的朋友越多,对邻居的信任程度以及参与社区活动的意愿越高,则其邻里关系越好;而其收入越高,邻里关系反而越差。结合与一线社区管理人员的访谈和研讨,以及对相关国际经验的总结梳理,提出了改善邻里关系的具体对策建议。     

The Effect of Racial and Ethnic Composition on Neighborhood Economic Change: A Multilevel and Longitudinal Look

This article examines the relationship between racial/ethnic composition and neighborhood economic change in a multilevel and longitudinal framework. I employ multilevel modeling to examine how neighborhood minority composition is associated with change in neighborhood relative economic status from 1970 to 2010 in the largest 100 metropolitan areas of the USA. In the multilevel framework, the empirical analysis shows that the shares of black and Hispanic residents are consistently negatively related to neighborhood economic gain even when metropolitan-level factors are taken into account. This study also finds that the negative effect of neighborhood minority composition on neighborhood economic gain is differentiated by deindustrialization and minority composition at the metropolitan level. In the longitudinal framework, the findings show that the negative effect of neighborhood minority composition on neighborhood economic gain has declined over time.     

THE EFFECTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT ON EVALUATIONS OF POLICE SERVICES

In this paper, the effects of neighborhood racial composition and wealth are compared to the effects of police expenditures per capita and crime rate upon assessments of neighborhood police services in Boston. The results indicate that: (1) there is little correspondence between the level of police expenditures per capita and the level of citizen satisfaction; (2) higher neighborhood crime rates are associated with negative perceptions of neighborhood police performance; and (3) some aspects of neighborhood context even may be more important than crime rates in determining the level of citizen satisfaction with neighborhood police services.     

PUTTING ACTIVISM IN ITS PLACE: THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT OF PARTICIPATION IN NEIGHBORHOOD‐FOCUSED ACTIVISM

Neighborhood‐focused activism is one way residents enact their vision for their community. This study examines the neighborhood socioeconomic antecedents of participation in neighborhood‐focused activism in a diverse sample of residents of Chicago neighborhoods to test three theories of neighborhood socioeconomic context and participation: (1) affluence affords participation, (2) activism addresses neighborhood needs associated with disadvantage, and (3) socioeconomic inequality creates contention that necessitates participation. Measuring neighborhood socioeconomic status as two unique dimensions—neighborhood affluence and neighborhood disadvantage—and accounting for both individual and neighborhood characteristics, I find support for each theory. Neighborhood socioeconomic context matters for participation, regardless of individual socioeconomic characteristics. Only when these three perspectives are considered jointly can they fully capture the socioeconomic context of participation in neighborhood‐focused activism.     

居住区规划中的声环境优化方法研究

就居住区规划阶段的声环境设计目标来说,我国与发达国家差距较大,甚至没有完善的规范体系;就设计方法来说,我国很少有设计师在规划阶段主动考虑声环境设计。设计师应将声环境设计融入居住区规划设计中,运用设置声屏障、进行声学调研、通过计算机模拟等3种方法优化声环境。     

Perceptions of the Neighborhood and the Desire to Move Out

A study of various perceptions of the neighborhood indicates that such perceptions are related to each other and to the desire to move out of the neighborhood. The study sample included 1000 adults, twenty-five to sixty years old, married, and living with their spouse. One half of the respondents lived in high stress census tracts (that is, characterized by a low socioeconomic level and high level of “social disorganization”) and the other half lived in low stress tracts. The sample was also divided equally by sex and race of respondent. The major findings of the study show that living in a high stress area has a strong influence on: familiarity with events of crime and violence in the neighborhood, negative evaluation of the police, perception of the neighborhood as unsafe, criticism of facilities in the neighborhood, dislike of the neighborhood, and desire to move out. Sex of the respondent played a small role in these findings, but race seemed to be a more important factor: black respondents had more negative perceptions of the neighborhood than did white respondents, particularly in the high stress neighborhoods. The perceptions of the neighborhood are interrelated in various ways.     

The Comprehensive Plan of Chicago Prepared by the City of Chicago Department of Development and Planning,December 1966

Data are reported from a random sample survey of residents in an average income inner-city black neighborhood. Respondents' moving preferences and moving plans were equally associated with housing and neighborhood dissatisfaction, and weakly related to family composition or demographic characteristics. The physical condition of the neighborhood and respondents' social ties to the area were most important in their moving preferences and plans. It is suggested that both movers and stayers are limited in their ability to materially change their living conditions through mobility, and some proposals for stabilizing this neighborhood are advanced.     

Urban form breeds neighborhood vibrancy: A case study using a GPS-based activity survey in suburban Beijing

In this paper, we present a formal analysis of the neighborhood vibrancy created by urban form. We use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop quantitative measures of urban form and define neighborhood vibrancy based on a GPS-based activity survey in suburban Beijing. An Urban Form index was adopted to determine that our measures of urban form capture meaningful differences in the characteristics of urban neighborhoods – differences that may have direct impacts on neighborhood vibrancy. Specifically, high density and mixed land use are strongly positively correlated with neighborhood vibrancy, whereas developed external traffic systems are negative. However, a thorough inter-circulation system and convenient accessibility do not always boost neighborhood vibrancy. These factors lose efficacy when gated neighborhoods are selected and surrounding facilities are distributed far away. Our study argues that urban planners, using their professional judgment, can contribute to urban vitality at the neighborhood scale.     

NEIGHBORHOOD ATTACHMENT,SOCIAL CAPITAL BUILDING,AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: A CASE STUDY OF LOW‐ AND MODERATE‐INCOME RESIDENTS OF WATERLOO,IOWA

ABSTRACT: This case study examines the importance of neighborhood identity and engagement in place‐based social networks within the neighborhood in fostering and stimulating neighborhood‐based participation in the urban political process. Scholars concerned with civic engagement have argued that there is a strong link between the informal ties known as “social capital” and citizen engagement in the larger community. If this linkage can be shown to exist in the neighborhood setting, then it can provide guidance to both scholars and practitioners in utilizing informal, place‐based networks to empower disadvantaged neighborhoods. Evidence presented in this essay, based on interviews with a representative sample of neighborhood residents in the small industrial city of Waterloo, Iowa, suggests that strong informal networks of social capital exist within neighborhoods, but that persons who are more strongly engaged in these networks are not necessarily more involved in the efforts of formal neighborhood associations. However, individuals who are involved in these formal associations are much more likely to be connected to the local and national political systems through voting and other forms of participation.     

Neighborhood Policy Options The Reagan Agenda

Abstract

Although neither articulated a clear, coherent neighborhood policy, presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan both came into office advocating neighborhood revitalization and increased neighborhood self-sufficiency as key elements of their urban policies. These common policy goals and shared vocabulary prompt two basic questions: How do the Carter and Reagan administration's policies toward neighborhoods differ? And are the differences important? This article uses three criteria to describe the Reagan administration's neighborhood policy and compare it to that of the Carter administration—the level of public spending on neighborhood-level activities, the process used to allocate assistance, and the mechanisms used to implement policy goals. Comparing budgetary appropriations shows that the Reagan administration's cuts in spending on spatially targeted programs and withdrawal of direct funding of neighborhood groups are major changes from Carter policies. The increasing use of tax expenditures and the reliance on market forces to achieve neighborhood policy goals, however, appear to have more significant political consequences for neighborhood groups.     

In support of the unambiguous neighborhood: a proposed size typology

The definition of neighborhood is often ambiguous. The purpose of this paper is to offer clarity on one important aspect of its definition: its size. While there is already a voluminous literature on neighborhood concepts and definitions, few sources delve into the question of size explicitly, and in a historically and culturally comparative way. Based on an extensive literature review, five size-based categories of neighborhood are proposed: (1) small clusters and face blocks; (2) more than a block, but still face to face; (3) like a big high school; (4) Perry’s neighborhood; and (5) the neighborhood expanded. Smaller neighborhoods are likely to prioritize social connectedness, while larger conceptions emphasize serviceability. Examples within each category are cross-cultural and cross-temporal, with many size regularities spanning more than one time period and more than one region.