Distribution, evolution and the effects of rare earths Ce and Y on the mechanical properties of ZK60 alloys

Eight kinds of Mg-RE alloys were prepared. The distribution, evolution, and effects of RE Ce and Y in the investigated alloys were studied by examining the mechanical properties of Mg alloys using X-ray diffraction and scan electron analysis, and by TEM observation. The results show that among the investigated alloys, ZK60-1.5? and ZK60-1.0%Y possessed the optimal mechanical properties. Ce and Y were distributed on the grain boundary during casting. After extrusion and T5 （150℃/0-24 h） heattreatment, Ce and Y were distributed along the extrusion direction and they existed in compound form for both as-casting and asextrusion specimens. The mechanical properties of the investigated alloys were better than those of ZK60 because of the solid solution strengthening of RE and the dispersion strengthening of Mg-RE or Mg-Zn-RE compounds.     

Effect of low temperature aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of super-high strength aluminum alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two alloys, namely Al- 12.2%Zn-2.48%Cu-2.0%Mg-0.15%Zr-0. 166%Ag（alloy 1）, and Al-9.99%Zn-1.72%Cu-2.5%Mg-0.13%Zr（alloy 2） were investigated. The results show that low temperature aging after promotive solution treatment can increase elongation without the loss of strength for the studied alloys. The optimum aging treatment （T6） for alloy 1 and alloy 2 is 100 ℃/80 h and 100 ℃/48 h, respectively. Compared with other heat treatment alloys, alloy 1 and alloy 2 show super-high tensile strength up to 753 MPa and 788 MPa, remaining 9.3% and 9.7% elongation under T6 condition, respectively. During aging, trace addition of Ag enhances the formations of GP zone and metastable phase, and stabilizes GP zone and metastable phase to a higher temperature. Trace addition of Ag prolongs the aging time of reaching the peak strength and delays over-aging condition of the alloy. However, trace addition of Ag promotes the formation of coarse constituent in the alloy and consumes hardening alloying elements of Zn and Mg. Moreover, the addition of the transition element Zr in 7000 series super-high alloy forms incoherent Al3 Zr dispersoid which can serve as nucleation sites for nonuniform precipitation of η phase during aging process. The higher the aging temperature, the greater the tendency for nonuniform precipitation of η phase.     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究Ce元素对T6态Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,通过改变合金中Ce元素的添加量,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能实验机对合金的显微组织、拉伸断口形貌和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入质量分数为0.2%的Ce元素可以显著细化Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金的铸态和T6态显微组织.在合金的T6处理过程中随着时效时间的增加,合金硬度和抗拉强度均先增加后降低,合金的硬度和抗拉强度峰值分别为216 HB和681.7 MPa,合金最高屈服强度为638.2 MPa.合金拉伸断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征.     

挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

针对挤压态和热处理态挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究,以确定稀土元素Ce和T5处理对该类合金性能的影响规律.结果表明,加入稀土元素Ce可以有效地细化挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr合金的组织,提高其室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率.经过T5处理后,Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度可以得到显著提高,其中Ce质量分数为1%的合金具有最优的综合拉伸性能.断口形貌观察结果表明,不同处理状态的挤压变形Mg-4%Zn-0.5%Zr-xCe合金在拉伸加载条件下主要呈现脆性和韧性混合断裂.     

Microstructure and RRA treatment of LFEC 7075 aluminum alloy extruded bars

The microstructures after casting and extruding, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity after RRA treatment of conventional DC casting and low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) 7075 aluminum alloy were investigated. The results showed that finer grains which distributed more homogeneously was obtained in LFEC ingots compared with those conventional DC ingots. The extruded bars of LFEC alloy kept its fine grain features of original as-cast structure. In the RRA treatment, with the extension of second aging time, the tensile strength and hardness of alloy decreased, but the electrical conductivity increased. Meanwhile, as the second aging temperature raised, the phase change rate in precipitation also increased. Under the same conditions, extruded bars of LFEC alloy had better performance than that of conventional DC cast alloy. The optimum RRA heat treatment process was 120 ℃/24 h+180 ℃/30 min+120 ℃/24 h. The LFEC extruded bars acquired tensile strength 676.64 MPa, hardness 198.18, and electrical conductivity 35.7% IACS respectively, which were higher than that in the T6 temper, indicating that a notable RRA response takes place in LFEC extruded bars, whose second-step retrogression time was 30 min, and it was suitable for mass production.     

Plastic deformation behavior of ZK60 magnesium alloy with addition of neodymium

The hot deformation simulation of a ZK60 magnesiuln alloy at different temperatures from 373 to 673 K and different strain rates of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.002 s^-1 was studied by using the Gleebe-1500 simulator. The plastic deformation behavior was measured and the deformation activation energy was calculated. The microstructures of ZK60 magnesium alloy with an addition of neodymium during the deformation process were observed by using Polyvar-MET optical microscope and Tecnai G^2 20 TEM. The results show that the working hardening, the dynamic recovery and the dynamic recrystallization occur during the plastic deformation process at different temperatures and strain rates. The dynamic recrystallization starts when the temperature is over 473 K and the DRX grain size after hot deformation is only 5-10 μm. So the refined grains improve both the tensile strength and the elongation of alloys at room temperature. Neodymium is added into the alloy and a precipitate phase Mg12Nd that impedes the movement of dislocations is formed, which benefits to increasing mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

镁合金强韧化复合机制与方法的探索

由于单独的“固溶-时效强化”应用于镁合金时，其强韧化效果较低.为此，针对镁合金Hall Petch系数较大的特点，将“晶粒细化”和“时效强化”两种机制耦合或复合在一起，设计了“激冷固溶时效”、“固溶形变时效”两种方法，由此显著地提高了AZ91镁合金的强韧性水平.在试验条件下，经“激冷固溶时效”后的镁合金AZ91的压缩断裂强度和屈服强度可分别达到335.3 MPa和225.91 MPa；经“固溶形变时效”后的镁合金AZ91的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率可分别达到350 MPa、300 MPa和10%以上.     

Mg-Y4-Nd3合金的組織與摩擦磨損性能

研究了Mg-Y4-Nd3合金鑄態和T6處理(525℃固溶處理8 h,250℃時效處理16 h)后的顯微組織、力學性能和摩擦磨損性能。結果表明:鑄造Mg-Y4-Nd3合金共晶相分布在α-Mg固溶體晶界上,呈不連續網狀分布。經過固溶時效處理后,合金為等軸晶組織,共晶相基本固溶到-αMg基體中,時效析出沉淀相呈彌散分布。兩種處理合金的抗拉強度都隨溫度的升高而降低,伸長率均隨溫度的升高而升高,同溫度下,T6處理的合金抗拉強度高于鑄態合金。T6處理的合金在干滑動摩擦條件下,隨著載荷的增加,摩擦系數降低,磨損量增加,磨損機制由磨粒磨損伴有氧化磨損向剝層磨損過渡,在高載荷下磨損表面出現塑性變形擠出現象。     

医用可降解Zn-3Cu-xMn合金的制备及组织性能研究

为了解决Zn基合金作为生物可降解心血管支架时的强度低、塑性差等问题,通过合金化以及热挤压的方法,制备了生物可降解Zn-3Cu-xMn(x表示Mn的质量分数分别为0％,0.5％,1％,1.5％)合金棒材,并研究了合金中Mn含量与其显微组织、力学性能以及降解性能之间的关系.研究结果表明,合金由Zn基体和CuZn5第二相组成...     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Ce-Zn-Zr wrought alloy

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-2.0 ?-0.7 % Zn-0.7% Zr alloy were studied. The results of scanning electron microscopy show that Mg12 Ce phase mainly distributes at the grain boundaries. The fine Mg12 Ce phase can apparently elevate recrystallization temperature by preventing the grain boundary migration. No dynamic recrystallization occurs during the hot-extrusion. The mechanical properties of as extruded specimens are σb=278.5MPa, δ=12.0%, while those of the specimens annealed at 250℃ for 100 h are σb=272.6 MPa, δ=11.3%, which indicate that the alloy has good mechanical properties at room temperature.     

Addition of Ce as additive to Pb-Ca-Sn-Al grid alloy for lead acid battery

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Property and microstructure analysis of ZK60 alloy superplastic sheet

It was investigated that the superplastic mechanical properties of fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy sheets at the temperature range of 200-420 ℃ and strain rate range of 5.56 × 10-4 -5.56 ×10-2 s-1 by tensile tests.And the microstructure evolution during the superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy was examined by metallurgical microscope and transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The results showed that fine-grained ZK60 magnesium alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity from 250 ℃ and the maximum elongation is about 1106% at 400 ℃ and 5.56 × 10-4 s-1.The strain rate sensitivity is significantly enhanced with the increase of temperature and with the decrease of strain rate.The predominate superplastic mechanism of ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary slide (GBS) at the temperature range of 300-400 ℃.The grains of ZK60 alloy remain equaxial after superplastic deformation,and dynamic continuous recrystallization (DCRX) is an important softening mechanism and grain stability mechanism during the superplastic deformation of the alloy.The curved grain boundaries and crumpled bands at grain boundaries after deformation prove GBS generates during superplastic deformation of ZK60 magnesium alloy.     

挤压温度对固相再生ZM6镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用固相再生方法在挤压比为25：1的条件下,将ZM6镁合金屑分别在350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃温度下制备成试样,进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明：当挤压温度为400℃时,ZM6耐热镁合金没有发生再结晶,合金中金属化合物在挤压过程中被打碎,均匀分布在基体中;当挤压温度为450℃和500℃时,ZM6镁合金发生部分动态再结晶;随着挤压温度的提高,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率提高;在挤压温度为500℃,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为300．2MPa、142．9MPa和30％。合金室温拉伸断口主要表现为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

稀土对激光熔覆EA4T车轴微观组织和性能的影响

通过在FeCrNiMo粉末中添加La和Ce混合稀土粉末对EA4T钢进行激光熔覆再制造,采用SEM、EDS、XRD等方法观察熔覆层的微观组织结构,并对再制造试样进行拉伸实验。结果表明:FeCrNiMoRE合金粉末再制造试样熔覆区主要为板条马氏体、奥氏体和碳化物组成;在熔覆区La和Ce在晶界和晶内分布较均匀,并且与O、C、S元素等形成稀土夹杂物,作为碳化物非均质形核质点,起到细化晶粒的作用;再制造试样的抗拉强度为932 MPa、屈服强度为735 MPa,分别比基体提高12.56%和9.7%;其延伸率和断面收缩率与基体基本相当,断裂特征为韧性断裂。     

液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂组织及性能

采用液态模锻成型时,为了研究铝合金轮毂不同部位的微观组织和力学性能,利用金相显微镜和拉伸试验机对液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂不同部位的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:外轮缘处晶粒最细小,而轮辐部位的晶粒最粗大;外轮缘的抗拉强度和伸长率最高,可以分别达到371 MPa和16%,轮辐部位的抗拉强度强度和伸长率最低,分别为346 MPa和9%.轮辋处的合金晶粒大小不一,且部分晶粒被拉长变形,这是由于该处糊状金属流动产生的冲刷和挤压所致.     

Improved mechanical properties in AZ31 magnesium alloys induced by impurity reduction

Mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloys containing different impurity levels but having the same alloying element content, were investigated at ambient temperature. These AZ31 alloys were produced by semi-continuous casting, wherein the content of impurity was varied systematically. Microstructure observation shows that finer grains are existent in the alloy with lower impurity level. Tensile testing reveals that a reduction of impurity content results in a noticeable increase of the strength and elongation in the alloys in the cast, homogenized and extruded states. As the impurity content decreases from 0.0462wt% to 0.0163wt%, the ultimate tensile strength is evidently enhanced by 62 MPa and the elongation is nearly doubled in the homogenized specimen. The observed property improvement was discussed in terms of the microstructure variation with impurity reduction.     

含稀土Er的Al-Zn-Mg合金的组织与性能

为了探讨稀土Er对热处理可强化(沉淀强化)的铝合金系作用,采用铸锭冶金法制备了6种含Er量不同的Al-Zn-Mg合金进行了深入分析.通过硬度测试、拉伸力学性能测试、金相观察、X射线衍射和扫描电镜观察,研究了稀土元素Er对Al-Zn-Mg合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,稀土元素Er可以显著地细化Al-Zn-Mg合金的铸态晶粒,减小其枝晶网胞,当Er的添加量达到w(Er)=0.7％时,枝晶网胞几乎完全消失,晶粒变得非常细小且分布均匀;对于合金的冷轧态组织以及时效态晶粒也有同样的细化效果;添加Er后,Al-Zn-Mg合金在冷轧态及时效态下的屈服强度(σ0.2)及抗拉强度(σh)都得到了显著的提高,但塑性有所降低;稀土元素Er添加到Al-Zn-Mg合金中,主要与Al相互作用形成了Al3Er相.合金显微组织的细化及合金的强化都与该相的形成和析出有关.     

动态时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响

对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金进行预时效+中温轧制变形+终时效的动态时效工艺处理,采用硬度测试、拉伸性能测试,结合金相显微组织分析和透射电子显微分析,探究动态时效对其力学性能与微观组织的影响。结果表明：动态时效能够提高合金的时效硬化速率,随着变形量的增大,合金的峰时效时间逐渐减小,峰值硬度逐渐增大。动态时效能够改变晶粒形貌,随着变形量的增大,晶粒的纵横比增大,位错数量增多,强化相数量增多尺寸减小,使得合金强度随着变形量的增大而逐渐增大,但伸长率逐渐减小。变形量为50%合金的强度最高,抗拉强度和屈服强度最大,分别为527.4 MPa和467.0 MPa,伸长率保持在较高值9.1%。     

Microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process

W-15Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） of raw powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） process at temperature ranged 1 230-1 300 ℃ for 10 min and under a pressure of 30 MPa. By using high energy milling, particles containing very fine tungsten grains embedded in copper, called composite particles, could be produced. The W grains were homogeneously dispersed in copper phase, which was very important to obtain W-Cu alloy with high mechanical properties, fine and homogeneous microstructure. The microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by SPS processes at different temperature were researched. The results show that W-15Cu alloys consolidated by SPS can reach 99.6 % relative density, and transverse rupture strength （TRS） is 1 400.9 MPa, Rockwell C hardness （HRC） is 45.2, the thermal conductivity is 196 W/m-K at room temperature, the average grain size is less than 2 μm, and W-15Cu alloy with excellent properties, homogeneous and fine microstructure is obtained.     

Influence of Mg2N2 powder on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy

In order to obtain an effective and reliable grain refiner for Mg-Al alloys, 1% (mass fraction) Mg3N2 was added into AZ31 Mg alloy. The microstructures of the Mg alloys were studied by optical microscopy, scan electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were determined. The results show that adding a small amount of Mg3N2 to AZ31 Mg alloy can refine the grain size from 103 to 58 μm. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of AZ31 Mg alloy are 174.1MPa and 8.3%, respectively. After the addition of 1% Mg3N2, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of AZ31 Mg alloy are increased up to 198.7 MPa and 11.8%, respectively. The grain refinement mechanism is that AIN is formed after Mg3N2 is added.Both A1N and Mg phases are of HCP lattice structure, and the disregistry between Mg phases and AIN along (0001)Mg//(0001)AlN is 3.04%, which is very effective for heterogeneous nucleation.