Light-Responsive Nanomaterials for Cancer TherapyOA

Due to its unique advantages, which include minimal invasiveness and relative clinical safety, phototherapy is considered to be a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the treatment efficacy of phototherapy is often restricted by the limited depth of light penetration and the low targeting effect of phototherapeutic agents. The emergence of light-responsive nanomaterials offers a possible approach to achieve enhanced phototherapy potency. This review summarizes the progress in biomed...     

Macroencapsulation Devices for Cell TherapyOA

Macroencapsulation has been widely used in cell therapy due to its capability to provide immuneprivileged sites for implanted allogeneic or xenogeneic cells. Macroencapsulation also serves to provide mechanical and physiochemical support for maintaining cell expansion and promoting therapeutic functions. Macroencapsulation devices such as membrane-controlled release systems, hydrogels, microneedle(MN) array patches, and three-dimensional(3 D) stents have shown promising in-lab and preclinical re...     

Recent advances in electrocatalysts for seawater splittingOA

Water splitting is an effective strategy to produce renewable and sustainable hydrogen energy. Especially,seawater splitting, avoiding use of the limited freshwater resource, is more intriguing. Nowadays, electrocatalysts explored for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) using natural seawater or saline electrolyte have been increasingly reported. To better understand the current status and challenges of the electrocatalysts for HER and OER from seawater, we compre...     

Analog Optical Computing for Artificial IntelligenceOA

The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) facilitates various applications from all areas but also poses great challenges in its hardware implementation in terms of speed and energy because of the explosive growth of data.Optical computing provides a distinctive perspective to address this bottleneck by harnessing the unique properties of photons including broad bandwidth,low latency,and high energy efficiency.In this review,we introduce the latest developments of optical computing fo...     

Data-Driven Discovery of Stochastic Differential EquationsOA

Stochastic differential equations(SDEs) are mathematical models that are widely used to describe complex processes or phenomena perturbed by random noise from different sources.The identification of SDEs governing a system is often a challenge because of the inherent strong stochasticity of data and the complexity of the system’s dynamics.The practical utility of existing parametric approaches for identifying SDEs is usually limited by insufficient data resources.This study presents a novel fram...     

Microfluidic Generation of Multicomponent Soft BiomaterialsOA

Soft biomaterials hold great potential for a plethora of biomedical applications because of their deformability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, high bioactivity, and low antigenicity. Multicomponent soft biomaterials are particularly attractive as a way of accommodating components made of different materials and generating combinative functions. Microfluidic technology has emerged as an outstanding tool in generating multicomponent materials with elaborate structures and constituents, in th...     

Vacuum Switching Technology for Future of Power SystemsOA

Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history, its recent developments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems. First, current switching in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF6 gas, which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol. Vacuum, an eco-friendly natural medium, is promising for reducing the usage of SF6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage. Second, switc...     

Tensile properties of functionalized carbon nanothreadsOA

Low dimensional sp³ carbon nanostructures have attracted increasing attention recently, due to their unique properties and appealing applications. Based on in silico studies, this work exploits the impacts from functional groups on the tensile properties of carbon nanothreads(NTH)– a new sp³ carbon nanostructure. It is found that functional groups will alter the local bond configuration and induce initial stress concentration, which significantly reduces the fracture strain...     

Applications of CyTOF in Brain Immune Component StudiesOA

The brain is the most heterogeneous and complex tissue in the body. Previous studies have shown that immune cells are essential functional components in both healthy and pathological brains.Cytometry by the time of flight(CyTOF) is a high-dimensional single-cell detection technology that allows measurements of up to 100 cell markers with a small number of samples. This technique enables the identification and characterization of various cell types at the single-cell level under steady-state and ...     

Lignin-based materials for electrochemical energy storage devicesOA

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature, which is rich in a large number of benzene ring structures and active functional groups. The molecular structure of lignin has unique designability and controllability, and is a class of functional materials with great application prospects in energy storage and conversion.Here, this review firstly focuses on the concept, classification, and physicochemical property of lignin. Then, the application research of lignin in the field of electro...     

Functionalized Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Tissue EngineeringOA

Articular cartilage(AC) is an avascular and flexible connective tissue located on the bone surface in the diarthrodial joints. AC defects are common in the knees of young and physically active individuals.Because of the lack of suitable tissue-engineered artificial matrices, current therapies for AC defects, especially full-thickness AC defects and osteochondral interfaces, fail to replace or regenerate damaged cartilage adequately. With rapid research and development advancements in AC tissue e...     

A Polarization Programmable Antenna ArrayOA

Reconfigurable antennas are becoming a major antenna technology for future wireless communications and sensing systems. It is known that, with a single linear polarization(LP) reconfigurable antenna element, a preferred polarization can be produced from a set of multiple polarization states, thus improving the quality of the communication link. This paper presents a new concept of a polarization programmable reconfigurable antenna array that consists of a number of polarization reconfigurable an...     

Perspective: Acoustic Metamaterials in Future EngineeringOA

Acoustic metamaterials(AMMs) are a type of artificial materials that make use of appropriate structural designs and exhibit exotic properties not found in natural materials,such as negative effective material parameters(e.g.,bulk modulus,mass density,and refractive index).These interesting properties offer novel means for sound manipulation and thus have drawn a great deal of attention.Over the past two decades,tremendous progress has been made in the fundamental research of AMMs,which has not o...     

Biotechnological Strategies of Riboflavin Biosynthesis in MicrobesOA

Riboflavin is an essential micronutrient for humans and must be obtained exogenously from foods or supplements. Numerous studies have suggested a major role of riboflavin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. There are mainly three strategies for riboflavin synthesis, including total chemical synthesis, chemical semi-synthesis, and microbial fermentation, the latter being currently the most promising strategy. In recent years, flavinogenic microbes have attracted increasing attent...     

Role of Intrahepatic Regional Immunity in Post-Transplant Cancer RecurrenceOA

Hepatic malignancy is a major indication for liver transplantation;however,post-tra ns plant cancer recurrence is an emerging clinical challenge affecting long-term outcomes.Pre-tra ns plant tumor biology,staging,and post-transplant immunosuppression regimens have been elucidated as risk factors for recurrent liver cancer.However,increasing evidence indicates that hepatic ischemia and reperfusion(IR)injury to allografts are crucial to providing a favorable immunologic microenvironment for cancer...     

Microbial Electrosynthesis for Producing Medium Chain Fatty AcidsOA

Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) employs microbial catalysts and electrochemistry to enhance CO2bioconversion to organics with concurrent waste biorefining capability. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the current state of the art and prospects of medium chain fatty acids(MCFAs)production in MES from CO2and organic wastes. Fundamental mechanisms and development of MCFAs production via conventional fermentation are introduced as well. Studies on MCFAs production in MES are summa...     

Explosive Electric Actuator and Control for Legged RobotsOA

Unmanned systems such as legged robots require fast-motion responses for operation in complex environments. These systems therefore require explosive actuators that can provide high peak speed or high peak torque at specific moments during dynamic motion. Although hydraulic actuators can provide a large force, they are relatively inefficient, large, and heavy. Industrial electric actuators are incapable of providing instant high power. In addition, the constant reduction ratio of the reducer mak...     

Recent Advances in Printed Thin-Film BatteriesOA

The rapidly increasing demand for wearable electronic devices has motivated research in low-cost and flexible printed batteries with diverse form factors and architectures. In the past, technological achievements in the field have been emphasized, overlooking the industrial and market requirements. However,different applications require different battery chemistries and formats, that greatly impacts the manufacturing process and competition landscape. These chemistries and formats should therefo...     

Recent Advances in Space-Deployable Structures in ChinaOA

Deployable space structure technology is an approach used in building spacecraft,especially when realizing deployment and folding functions.Once in orbit,the structures are released from the fairing,deployed,and positioned.With the development of communication,remote-sensing,and navigation satellites,space-deployable structures have become cutting-edge research topics in space science and technology.This paper summarizes the current research status and development trend of spacedeployable struct...