Effect of Pore Structure on Performance of Porous Metal Fiber Materials

孔结构是影响金属纤维多孔材料各项性能的关键因素之一,为此研究了孔结构对其性能的影响规律。采用气流铺毡法和烧结技术制备了FeCrAl纤维多孔材料,利用SEM观察其微观组织,同时测试了其拉伸强度、透气性和吸声系数（声强为 90~140 dB,频率为1000~3000 Hz）。利用自主研发的分形软件计算了孔结构的分形维数。另外,研究了孔结构对多孔材料拉伸强度、吸声系数和透气性的影响规律,建立了拉伸强度、透气性与分形维数之间的本构关系。研究表明,随着分形维数的增加,抗拉伸强度呈线性下降,而透气性显著增大;在相同的声强和频率下,吸声系数随着分形维数的增加而逐渐降低     

多孔结构分形分析及其在材料性能预报中的应用

采用分形理论表征孔隙的结构特征,通过对烧结不锈钢纤维多孔材料的扫描电镜(SEM)照片进行图像处理和分形分析,详细研究图像分辨率、获取图像时的放大倍数、灰度图转化为二值图时阈值的大小等因素对孔结构分形分析结果的影响,并研究它们与分形维数的定性关系.结果表明,采用的烧结纤维多孔材料具有明显的分形特征,图像分辨率、放大倍数、阈值等因素对分形维数计算结果影响显著:与SEM图像的原始分辨率相比,分辨率变化越大则分形维数越大;分形维数随着放大倍数的增大而减小;灰度图转化为二值图时的阈值存在最佳值,且随着阈值的增大,分形维数先增大后减小.通过理论推导,建立了多孔材料孔隙度和渗透性能与孔结构分形维数之间的数学关系.可通过孔结构分形维数、面孔隙度、孔径等参数合理预测多孔材料的体孔隙度、渗透性能,预测结果与实测结果吻合良好.     

Cross-scale characteristics of backfill material using NMR and fractal theory

This paper analyzed the pore structure, quantified the pore fractal dimension, calculated the grading index (GI) of mixed aggregate, and studied the relationship among GI, pore structure, and strength to describe the cross-scale characteristics of backfill, which is made from stone powder and cemented tailing. A series of experiments were conducted on stone powder cement tailings backfill (SPCTB). The GI formulas for mixed aggregates, containing stone powder and tailings, were derived based on the Füller theory. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fractal dimensions of backfills were derived using fractal geometry principles. Compared to the mesopore and macropore fractal dimensions, the correlation between micropore fractal dimension and macro-properties in terms of NMR porosity, pore structure complexity, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), and GI is the most significant. Macropore fractal dimension is generally correlated with UCS and GI and the other properties such as the shape of mixed aggregates also have an impact on fractal dimension. However, mesopore fractal dimension has no obvious relationship with macro-properties. Finally, the relationship between GI and UCS was studied, which contributed to improving backfill’s strength and optimizing gradation.     

不同工艺参数下超音速等离子喷涂层界面结合行为及其分形特性∗

随着研究不断深入，分形几何可以用来描述涂层的表面形貌和复杂性，分形维数可实现形貌结构的定性描述向定量表征转变。为研究超音速等离子喷涂层界面结合行为与其分形维数之间的关系，采用对比试验研究喷涂距离、喷涂电流等工艺参数对涂层结合界面形貌和结合强度的影响，并引入分形理论对界面结合行为进行定量表征，进而探究结合界面形貌、结合强度、分形维数三者的对应关系。结果表明：相比于喷涂电流，喷涂距离对分形维数的影响更为显著。当喷涂距离为 80 mm 和 100 mm 时，随着喷涂电流从 400 A 增大到 500 A，分形维数呈先减小后增大趋势，最小为 1.115 0；当喷涂距离为 120 mm 时，粒子在等离子焰流中的飞行时间增长，随电流增大，涂层界面分形维数则先增大后减小。界面分形维数与涂层结合强度之间存在着正相关的对应关系。当分形维数在一定范围内呈增大趋势时，涂层 / 基体结合界面处孔隙减少、结合强度增大。 因此，涂层 / 基体结合行为的分形特性研究对评价涂层质量具有重要意义。     

基于热效应的织构化分形表面的弹流动压性能分析

目的研究织构化分形表面的热弹流润滑性能随分形维数及织构参数的变化规律。方法建立织构化分形表面的热弹流动压模型并无量纲化,然后运用多重网格法编程求解。通过对多种工况下的摩擦面间的最大压力、最小膜厚和摩擦因数进行比较分析,揭示织构参数和分形参数对织构化分形表面动压润滑性能的影响。结果随着织构深度的增加,最小膜厚减小,最大压力和固体界面温度增大。摩擦因数-织构深度曲线有最小值,但不同分形维数下的摩擦因数-织构深度曲线的最小值发生处的织构深度值相同。织构深度相同时,最大压力和固体界面温度随维数的增大而减小,平均摩擦因数则增大。最小膜厚-织构密度曲线和摩擦因数-织构密度曲线都存在最小值,最大压力-织构密度和固体界面温度-织构密度曲线有最大值。织构密度相同时,最大压力和固体界面温度随分形维数的增大而减小,摩擦因数则随之增大。结论分形维数越大,摩擦副表面的摩擦因数越大,但摩擦因数-织构深度和摩擦因数-织构密度曲线都有最小值。     

Research on fractal characteristics of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy

Semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy was prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring, and the fractal characteristics of morphology in semi-solid primary phase was researched. The fractal dimensions of primary phase morphology in the semi-solid A356 alloy were calculated by the program written to calculate the fractal dimensions of box-counting in the image of solid phase morphology in semi-solid metal slurry. The results indicated that the morphology of primary phase in semi-solid A356 prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring is characterized by fractal dimension, and the primary phase morphology obtained by the different processing parameters has different fractal dimensions. The morphology of primary phase at the different position of ingot has different fractal dimensions, which reflected the effect of solidified conditions at different positions in the same ingot on the morphology of semi-solid primary phase. Solidification of semi-solid alloy is a course of change in fractal dimension.     

Effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy

The fractal dimensions of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring were calculated, and the effect of pouring temperature on fractal dimension of primary phase morphology in semi-solid A356 alloy was researched. The results indicate that it is feasible to prepare semisolid A356 alloy slurry by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring, and there is an important effect of pouring temperature on the morphology and the grain size of the primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy, in which the reduction of pouring temperature can obviously improve grain size and shape factor of primary phase in semi-solid A356 alloy under the condition of a certain stirring power. The primary phase morphology of semi-solid A356 alloy prepared by low superheat pouring and slightly electromagnetic stirring can be characterized by fractal dimension, and the primary phase morphology obtained by the different processing parameters has the different fractal dimensions. Solidification of semi-solid alloy is a course of change in fractal dimension.     

树脂浸渍炭化过程中C/C复合材料孔隙演化

将炭毡预制体用化学气相渗法增密至1.0 g/cm~3后,进行树脂浸渍炭化增密.用压汞法测试了树脂浸渍炭化过程C/C复合材料孔隙率及孔径的变化,并与完全开孔条件下孔隙变化规律进行了比较.在此基础上,提出了树脂浸渍炭化过程孔隙演化模型,并用分形法进行了表征.利用SEM观察了不同浸渍炭化次数下C/C复合材料的孔隙形貌.结果表明:C/C复合材料树脂浸渍炭化过程中总孔隙率呈下降趋势,而0.04-6 μm范围的孔隙呈增加趋势,浸渍炭化过程不断有闭孔孔隙形成.树脂浸渍炭化过程孔隙演化符合分形,足一种自相似的填充演化模式,和本研究提出的孔隙演化模型类似,孔隙分形维数随浸渍炭化次数呈减小趋势.首次浸渍炭化后形成了大量的裂纹型孔隙,随着浸渍炭化次数的增加,裂纹型孔隙被逐渐填充,进一步验证了孔隙自相似填充演化模型的合理性.     

Influence of Structural Parameters on Tensile Property of Gasar Porous Copper

采用金属-气体共晶定向凝固工艺,制备了不同结构参数的Gasar多孔铜,并研究了结构参数对单向拉伸下多孔铜性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察拉伸试样的断面形貌,通过建立数学模型和计算机模拟的方法来表征其拉伸强度,并用实验数据加以验证。结果表明,多孔铜的拉伸性能主要取决于气孔率和拉伸方向;多孔铜在平行气孔轴向拉伸时比垂直气孔轴向拉伸时具有更优异的抗拉强度;平行气孔轴向拉伸时,抗拉强度随着气孔率的增加线性下降,气孔对基体的应力集中作用微小,抗拉强度的数学模型数值和模拟数值与试验数值拟合良好;垂直气孔轴向拉伸时,抗拉强度随气孔率的增大而明显下降,气孔对基体的应力集中作用显著,抗拉强度的试验数值与模型数值以及模拟数值基本符合     

SHS法制备高孔隙度TiNi合金

使用Ｔｉ和Ｎｉ的元素粉末,用自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）技术制备了等原子的多也ＴｉＮｉ形状记忆合金,获得的多孔样品具有规整的外形和一定的尺度及较好的孔洞连通必否则一样品表观密度、最大孔径和透气性能。用ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ报样品的孔洞特征、元素分布及相组成。结果表明,ＳＨＳ法制备高孔隙度ＴｉＮｉ合金,产物孔隙度高达５０％以上,元素化合充分、成份均匀、且工艺过程短、节省能源,是一种比较理想的制备方法。     

Characterization of irregular seeds on gibbsites precipitated from caustic aluminate solutions

1 Introduction Because of the great viscosity and surface tension of caustic aluminate solutions, industrial aluminum trihydroxide products cannot be precipitated from caustic aluminate solutions directly. An amount of gibbsites seeds should be added to i…     

凝固微观组织的多层次模拟

通过引入溶质再分配、溶质扩散、界面能各向异性和界面曲率,构建了描述合金凝固微观组织形态演变的元胞自动机模型.在介观和微观尺度上的模拟结果表明,该模型可有效地解决微观组织形成的多尺度问题.模拟结果清晰地再现了与实测结果相一致的枝晶形态和生长现象.根据分形理论采用分维定量比较了模拟结果和实验结果,两者的计盒维数分别为1.703和1.694,阐述了分维定量表征枝晶形貌的物理含义.模拟结果表明熔体过冷度和树枝晶的计盒维数呈近似抛物线关系.     

TEM study of fractal scaling in nanoparticle agglomerates obtained by gas-phase condensation

The morphology of the nanoparticle agglomerates obtained during the gas-phase condensation method has been catalogued as fractal but no attempt has been made to determine their fractal dimension (D′). In the present study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the fractal character of such samples by processing two-dimensional TEM images. The area–perimeter method gives a fractal dimension of around 1.3, and its suitability to distinguish between nanocrystalline samples prepared under different experimental conditions or synthesised by different methods has been also demonstrated. The fractal dimension has been related to band-gap and surface area measurements for some selected examples. The advantages and limitations of the fractal technique applied to these systems are examined and discussed.     

NMR research on deterioration characteristics of microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze–thaw cycles

In order to study the deterioration characteristics of the microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze–thaw cycles, tests of 180 freeze–thaw cycles were performed on sandstone specimens. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was applied to the measurement of sandstone specimens and analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging. Then, the fractal theory was employed to compute the fractal dimension values of pore development of rocks after different freeze–thaw cycles. The results show that the mass and porosity of rocks grow with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles. According to the NMR T₂ distribution of sandstones, the pore sizes of rock specimens increase after 180 freeze–thaw cycles, especially that of the medium-sized and small-sized pores. The spatial distribution of sandstone pores after freeze–thaw cycles has fractal features within certain range, and the fractal dimension of sandstones tends to increase gradually.     

Estimation of three-dimensional connectivity of internal defects in coatings using fractal analysis

The connectivity of a porous medium is an important topological characteristic, which indicates the extent to which internal defects (e.g., porosity or micro/macrocracking) are connected. Up to now, connectivity has been studied by various stereological procedures based on the “net volume tangent counts” proposed by DeHoff and performed on pairs of consecutive sections of an interconnected structure. However, the drawbacks of these procedures are their use of invasive techniques and manual counting. Connectivity is here studied with fractal geometry instead of conventional Euclidean geometry. The porosity network of a thermal spray sample may be fractal, and so can be at least partly characterized by fractal dimension. Modifications in connectivity could be reflected in changes in the fractal dimension. If changes in the connectivity, as characterized by changes in fractal dimension, can be adequately demonstrated by the computerized analysis of confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) images, then the technique may provide a useful, noninvasive way of improving the characterization of thermal spray coatings. The study also seeks to show how connectivity differences affect the mechanical properties of the coating and whether fractal analysis is able to detect these changes in mechanical properties.     

用分形理论研究超音速电弧喷涂PS45涂层结合强度与喷涂电压的关系

采用超音速电弧喷涂设备制备PS45涂层，借助于扫描电镜和电子拉伸试验机对涂层的显微组织和结合强度进行了观察分析与测定。通过图像分析与处理技术，提取了PS45涂层与基体结合界面形貌图像和曲线。利用Matlab语言设计了涂层界面的分形维数和多重分形谱宽的计算程序，探讨了分形维数、多重分形谱、喷涂电压对涂层结合强度的影响。分析计算结果表明：涂层结合界面形貌越复杂，分形维数越大，涂层与基体的结合强度越高：喷涂电压升高，粒子熔化越充分，其涂层界面多重分形谱宽△a越小，涂层与基体结合界面均匀性越好。     

基于分形的金属材料海水腐蚀形貌图像分析诊断系统

将分形的概念应用于腐蚀形貌图像的特征提取，计算扫描得到的实海腐蚀试片图像的分形维数、广义维数、面积因子和空隙特征，并作为分析诊断系统的输入。用模糊模式识别理论建立了基于图像分形特征的腐蚀形貌图像诊断系统，可以由图像的分形特征值判断金属的表面腐蚀形貌。     

STUDY ON EROSION RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF O‘-SIALON-BN IN MOLTEN STEEL

1. IlltroductionO'-Sialon-BN refractory materials used as a break ring for Horizontal Continuous Casting (HCC) have excellellt thermal shock resistance, high temperature strength and oxidation resistanced--61. In addition, O'-Sialon-BN hajs certain machine-shaping ability so thatdiffereds parts with precise size can be made from the compositeslZ]. On the other hand,under actual service conditions with molten steel at high temperature, it might be believedthat the break ring would be erod…     

基于分形方法的YSZ热障涂层有效热导率分析

陶瓷基热障涂层具有优异的阻热性能、耐热腐蚀性能以及热稳定性能,在航空发动机热端部件中广泛使用。 利用大气等离子喷涂方法制备 ZrO₂-8%Y₂O₃(YSZ)涂层,利用聚苯酯(PHB)调节涂层的孔隙形态和含量,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和图像软件分析涂层的截面形貌,计算了孔隙的分形维数,建立了基于分形维数的有效热导率计算方法,优化了热导率与涂层孔隙的定量关系。 同时利用导热仪测量面层的热导率,对有效热导率计算结果进行验证。 结果表明: YSZ 粉末中混合聚苯酯粉末可增加涂层中的孔隙含量;当 PHB 的质量含量达到 15%时,涂层孔隙率可增加至 30%左右。 较高的喷涂功率会形成扁平化的孔隙,孔隙分形维数的取值在 1~ 2,并且孔隙越扁平取值越大。 孔隙含量越大、形态越趋近于扁平化,涂层有效热导率越小。 把孔隙的分形维数引入到有效热导率的计算中,使得计算结果更加趋近于实测结果。     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHASE SEPARATION IN CaO MgO Fe 2O 3 Al 2O 3 SiO 2 GLASS

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