空心微珠在玻纤改性尼龙(PA6)中的应用研究

通过共混改性的方法，利用空心微珠球型的特性，将其填充于玻纤改性的尼龙树脂中；研究了空心微珠对玻纤改性尼龙力学性能的影响。结果表明，在玻纤改性尼龙中加入空心微珠，材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、硬度及耐热性能都得到提高；当微珠质量分数达到18％时，材料冲击强度达最大值。     

空心玻璃微珠复合聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔结构与性能

研究了加入空心玻璃微珠后，硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔结构、压缩性能以及阻尼性能。结果表明，随着空心玻璃微珠用量的增加，硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔减小，压缩强度提高，而材料的阻尼因子无明显变化。     

空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料的制备及性能研究

制备了空心玻璃微珠/环氧复合材料。通过力学性能、固化收缩率、热性能等测试考察了空心玻璃微珠粒径、填充量、硅烷偶联剂处理对树脂及固化物性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂改善了空心玻璃微珠与树脂基体的相容性。复合材料的力学性能随着空心微珠粒径减小而增大。随着空心微珠填充量的加大,固化物拉伸强度有所降低,冲击强度和弯曲强度在空心玻璃微珠质量分数为2%时达到最大值,比纯树脂分别提高了30%和34.2%,同时材料的固化收缩率和密度降低,玻璃化转变温度升高。     

粉煤灰空心玻璃微珠填充高密度聚乙烯的性能

采用从粉煤灰中提取的空心玻璃微珠,制备不同空心玻璃微珠含量的高密度聚乙烯复合材料,研究空心玻璃微珠对复合材料力学性能和结晶性能的影响.结果表明:随着空心玻璃微珠含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度逐步增大,弯曲强度和冲击强度先增大后减小,当空心玻璃微珠质量含量为5%时,弯曲强度和冲击强度达到最大.适量空心玻璃微珠的加入对复合材料的结晶性能有一定程度的改善.     

空心微珠填充聚丙烯复合材料的研究

研究了空心微珠含量、粒径以及改性剂对聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响。研究结果表明,当空心微珠填充量在0－30％（质量,下同）之间时,空心微珠／聚丙烯复合材料的常温和低温下的缺口冲击强度、拉伸性能、弯曲性能都显著提高,当加入改性剂时,提高得更加显著。当空心微珠含量为20％时材料的性能提高到实验中的最大值,弹性模量提高了83％。同时,通过材料的DSC轨迹分析研究了材料的热性能,并进行了扫描电镜分析。空心微珠填充聚丙烯不仅能提高聚丙烯材料的力学性能和热性能,而且可以降低聚丙烯复合材料的成本。     

硬质聚氯乙烯(R-PVC)低密度发泡板材生产中PVC树脂的选择

本文主要介绍了硬质聚氯乙烯(R-PVC)低密度发泡板材生产中PVC树脂的选择。通过采用Brabender塑化流变仪，对不同品种和牌号的PVC树脂，在R-PVC低密度发泡板材生产中的流变性能、动态热稳定性能等进行测试和分析对比，为设计配方和确定工艺参数提供必要依据。     

纳米塑料性能—用PCC作为PVC添加剂的优点

涂复的超细沉淀碳酸钙（PCC）长期来认为它具有显著改善硬质聚氯乙烯（PVC）加工性能和冲击性能之能力，这个特点为性能提供解释，并提出了取得这些有益结果的一些配方。     

EP/纳米SiO2/空心微珠复合材的性能研究

选用微米级空心微珠和纳米SiO2作为填料,制备环氧树脂(EP)／纳米SiO2／空心微珠复合材料,研究空心微珠用量对复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究复合材料的断裂模式,初步讨论了复合材料的隔热性能。结果表明,纳米SiO2和空心微珠的加入可以提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,并且当空心微珠用量为10％、纳米SiO2用量为3％时,复合材料的各项力学性能最佳。随着空心微珠含量的继续增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度均有不同程度的降低,拉伸弹性模量却有提高趋势。此外,空心微珠的加入使复合材料的脆性提高、韧性降低,隔热性能却有所改善。     

聚氯乙烯（PVC）异型材生产技术（连载3）

PVC树脂在加工中要加入各种助剂以改善PVC的性能，适应加工和制品性能的需要。在生产塑料门窗的型材时一般要加入：热稳定剂、加工改性剂、冲击改性剂、润滑剂、光稳定剂、填充剂和色料等。这些助剂的加入量是PVC树脂的0．1％到10％，但它们各自所起到的作用是十分重要的，可以说是缺一不可，而且加入量的变化对加工和最终产品的性能影响很大。因此，不仅在配料中要称量准确而且在混料过程中混合均匀，达到物料的均匀一致性。     

超细空心微珠填充聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

选用三种不同粒径(2μm、3．8μm和11μm)的空心微珠制备了聚氯乙烯／空心微珠(PVC／GB)复合材料。研究了GB的粒径、表面处理剂及其用量对复合材料力学性能、介电性能和阻燃性等的影响，并与PVC／超细CaCO3复合材料的性能进行了对比。结果表明，经硅烷偶联剂处理的GB与PVC基体之间存在良好的界面粘附作用；在体积分数0～11％范围内，粒径为3．8μm的GB能同时提高PVC复合材料的力学性能、介电性能和阻燃性能，且GB改性效果明显优于超细CaCO3填充体系。该复合材料能作为轻质、高强度和阻燃的电缆护套材料使用。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.