Analysis on Dissociation of Pyramidal I Dislocation in Magnesium by Generalized-Stacking-Fault Energy

The generalized-stacking-fault energies are calculated to illustrate the dissociation of〈c+a〉dislocation on pyramidal I plane in magnesium.The c surfaces of f10 "11g plane and its adjacent planes f30" 34 g and f30 "32g are presented using Liu embedded-atom-method potential method,and one possible dissociation path of 1=3h11" 23 i dislocation on f10 "11g plane with minimum energy is predicted.Meanwhile,another two reasonable dissociation paths of 1=3h11" 23 i dislocation successively on f30 "34g and f30" 32 g planes are also proposed.Moreover,based on molecular dynamics simulations of magnesium single crystals under c-axis compression,the possible slip path is further examined and discussed.     

Plastic deformation of single crystals of TiSi2

Compression experiments have been performed at high temperatures for single crystals of TiSi₂ with the C54 (oF24) structure. Compression axes chosen are -, b- and c-axes, and intermediate directions between a- and c-axes, and b- and c-axes. Based on the slip line observation and the geometrical consideration, it has been concluded that one of the three slip systems, (001)[110], ( 10)[130] and (0 1)[011], is activated depending on the compression axis; in the former two systems dislocations are assumed to be dissociated into superpartials, i.e. 1/2[1101→1/3[100]1+1/6[130] and 1/2[130]→3 × 1/6[130]. The (001)[110] slip is active at room temperature and the other two slip systems are active only above 1000 K. The thermal-activation analysis of the plastic deformation has shown that the deformation is controlled by the Peierls mechanism for the three slip systems; the total activation enthalpy is 1.5 eV for the (001)[110] slip and 4–5 eV for the ( 10)[130] and (0 1)[011] slips. An asymmetry of the Peierls potential is suggested for the (3 0)[130] slip.     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Orientation Effect on the Initial Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Single Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study the tension and compression deformation behaviors of magnesium single crystals with different orientations.The angle between the loading axis and the basal a direction ranges from 0° to 90°.The simulation results show that the initial defects usually nucleate at free surfaces,but the initial plastic deformation and the subsequent microstructural evolutions are various due to different loading directions.The tension simulations exhibit the deformation mechanisms of twinning,slip,crystallographic reorientation and basal/prismatic transformation.The twinning,crystallographic reorientation and basal/prismatic transformation can only appear in the crystal model loaded along or near the a-axis or c-axis.For the compression simulations,the basal,prismatic and pyramidal slips are responsible for the initial plasticity,and no twinning is observed.Moreover,the plastic deformation models affect the yield strengths for the samples with different orientations.The maximum yield stresses for the samples loaded along the c-axis or a-axis are much higher than those loaded in other directions.     

On the crystal structure of new series of compounds, RPt2+xSb2−y (x = 0.125, y = 0.25; R = La, Ce, Pr)

A new compound CePt_2+xSb_2−y (x = 0.125, y = 0.25) was synthesized by arc-melting of the elements. The chemical and structural characterizations were carried out at room temperature on as-cast samples using X-ray diffractometry, metallographic analysis and EDS-microanalysis. According to the results of X-ray single crystal diffraction this antimonide crystallizes in I4cm space group (no. 108), Z = 32, ρ = 12.19 Mg/m³, μ = 89.05 mm⁻¹ (a = 12.5386(3) Å, c = 21.4692(6) Å (crystal I) and a = 12.5455(2) Å, c = 21.4791(5) Å (crystal II)). The structure and composition were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (a = 12.4901(2) Å, c = 21.3620(4) Å) and EDS-microanalysis respectively. Isotypic compounds were observed with La and Pr from X-ray powder diffraction of as-cast alloys at room temperature (a = 12.6266(4) Å, c = 21.4589(6) Å for LaPt_2+xSb_2−y and a = 12.5184(5) Å, c = 21.4178(7) Å for PrPt_2+xSb_2−y). The CePt_2+xSb_2−y structure is derived from CaBe₂Ge₂ (a = 2a₀ − 2b₀, b = 2a₀ + 2b₀, c = 2c₀) and comprises a new atomic arrangement with both vacancy on 4(b) pyramidal site and substitution of antimony atoms (X) by platinum (B) in the B–XX–B layers (referring to the subcell structure) forming two B––1/2B1/2XX–3/4B and two X–BB–X layers per cell. The structure of CePt_2+xSb_2−y is compared with those reported before for URh_1.6As_1.9 and CeNi_1.91As_1.94.     

X-ray investigations of ternary R3Pd4Ge4 samples

Ternary R₃Pd₄Ge₄ samples (R=Nd, Eu, Er) were investigated by means of X-ray single crystal (four circle diffractometer Philips PW1100, MoK radiation) and powder diffraction (MX Labo diffractometer, CuK radiation). The Er₃Pd_3.68(1)Ge₄ compound belongs to the Gd₃Cu₄Ge₄ structure type, space group Immm, a=4.220(2) Å, b=6.843(2) Å, c=14.078(3) Å, R₁=0.0484 for 598 reflections with F_o>4σ(F_o) from X-ray single crystal diffraction data. No ternary R₃Pd₄Ge₄ compound when R is Nd or Eu was observed. The Nd and Eu containing samples appeared to be multiphase. Ternary phases observed in the Nd₃Pd₄Ge₄ and Eu₃Pd₄Ge₄ alloys and their crystallographic characteristics are the following: NdPd₂Ge₂, CeGa₂Al₂ structure type, space group I4/mmm, a=4.3010(2) Å, c=10.0633(2) Å (X-ray powder diffraction data); NdPd_0.6Ge_1.4, AlB₂ structure type, space group P6/mmm, a=4.2305(2) Å, c=4.1723(2) Å (X-ray powder diffraction data); Nd(Pd_0.464(1)Ge_0.536(1))₂, KHg₂ structure type, space group Imma, a=4.469(2) Å, b=7.214(2) Å, c=7.651(3) Å, R₁=0.0402 for 189 reflections with F_o>4σ(F_o) (X-ray single crystal diffraction data); Eu(Pd,Ge)₂, AlB₂ structure type, space group P6/mmm, a=4.311(2) Å, c=4.235(2) Å; EuPdGe, EuNiGe structure type, space group P2₁/c, and ternary compound with unknown structure (X-ray powder diffraction data).     

Dominant Deformation Mechanisms in Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy

The coaddition of Zn and Ca has great potential to improve the ductility of Mg alloys. Herein, the mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-Zn-Ca solid-solution alloy were studied by quasi-in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)-assisted slip trace analysis. The dominant deformation mechanisms of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy were studied, and the origins of enhanced ductility were systematically revealed. The results indicate that most grains deformed by basal slip. In addition, multiple non-basal slip traces were detected (particularly prismatic, pyramidal I <  a > , and pyramidal I <  c +  a > slip traces), and their activation frequency was promoted with increasing tensile strain. The enhanced participation of non-basal slip systems is believed to play a critical role in achieving homogeneous plastic deformation, thus effectively promoting the ductility of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. Furthermore, first-principle calculations revealed that the coaddition of Zn and Ca significantly reduces the unstable stacking fault energy for non-basal slip, which contributes to the activation of non-basal slip systems during plastic deformation.     

High-pressure ultrasonic properties of spin-density-wave Cr–Re alloy single crystals

The pressure dependence of the elastic constants (c_ij) of Cr–Re alloy single crystals, containing 0.3 and 0.5 at.% Re, are reported. For 0.3 at.% Re the concentration (c) is below the triple point concentration (c_t) on the (c–T) magnetic phase diagram. This crystal therefore remains in the incommensurate (I) spin-density-wave (SDW) antiferromagnetic phase at all temperatures below the ISDW–paramagnetic (P) Néel transition temperature (T_N). The pressure derivatives of the elastic constants, dc_ij/dp, were measured for the Cr+0.3 at.% Re crystal as a function of temperature through T_N. The Cr+0.5 at.% Re crystal has c>c_t and exhibits an incommensurate–commensurate (I–C) SDW phase transition at a temperature T_IC<T_N on heating. In the case of this crystal dc_ij/dp was studied at temperatures close to and above T_IC. The acoustic mode Grüneisen parameters (γ_n), which quantify the lattice vibrational anharmonicity, were calculated as a function of temperature from the dc_ij/dp data for each crystal. These calculations indicate much larger coupling of the SDW to the long-wavelength longitudinal phonons than to the shear modes for both Cr–Re crystals. Longitudinal mode softening under applied pressure, due to strong magnetoelastic interactions between the SDW and the longitudinal acoustic phonons, in Cr+0.3 at.% Re at T<T_N, gives nearly discontinuously way to extremely large mode stiffening as the crystal is heated through T_N. γ_n in the CSDW and pressure-induced ISDW phases of the Cr+0.5 at.% Re crystal shows unusual behaviour with temperature. This is particularly so for the shear mode Grüneisen parameters which are relatively large and negative just above T_IC, implying significant shear mode softening under applied pressure. γ_n (shear) then increases on further increasing the temperature of this crystal. In comparison, γ_n (shear) for both the CSDW and pressure-induced ISDW phases of other Cr alloys, with c>c_t, for instance Cr–Ru and Cr–Ir alloys, is near zero, slightly positive, and remains constant with temperature. The measurements on the Cr+0.5 at.% Re crystal suggest the existence of a new phase line, separating the ISDW phase present at atmospheric pressure from that induced from the CSDW phase by applying high pressure, on the pressure–temperature magnetic phase diagrams of dilute Cr alloys with c>c_t. More experimentation, particularly high pressure neutron diffraction studies, are needed to verify this point.     

Ba4In2−x(CO3)1+xO6−2.5x and Ba4In0.8Cu1.6(CO3)0.6O6.2—new indium oxycarbonates closely related to n=3 Ruddlesden–Popper phases

Investigations of phase relations in the Ba-rich part of the In₂O₃–BaO(CO₂)–CuO pseudo-ternary system at 900 °C have revealed the existence of new indium–copper oxycarbonate – Ba₄In_0.8Cu_1.6(CO₃)_0.6O_6.2. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray powder diffraction data combined with infrared studies gives evidence that this phase is a oxycarbonate crystallising in the tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) with unit cell parameters: a=4.0349(1) Å and c=29.8408(15) Å. In the binary part of the In₂O₃–BaO(CO₂) system we have identified the occurrence of Ba₄In_2−x(CO₃)_1+xO_6−2.5x oxycarbonate solid solution showing a crystal structure also described by I4/mmm space group, but with the unit cell parameters: a=4.1669(1) Å and c=29.3841(11) Å for x=1. The existence range of this phase, −0.153<x<0.4, includes chemical compositions of earlier found phases: Ba₅In_2+xO_8+0.5x with 0≤x≤0.45 (known as the -solid solution), as well as the binary Ba₄In₂O₇ phase. The crystal structures of both new oxycarbonates are isomorphic and related to n=3 member of the Ruddlesden–Popper family.     

LaMg2NiH7, a novel quaternary metal hydride containing tetrahedral [NiH4] complexes and hydride anions

A new ternary compound of composition LaMg₂Ni has been found and investigated with respect to structure and hydrogenation properties. It crystallizes with the orthorhombic MgAl₂Cu type structure (space group Cmcm, a=4.2266(6), b=10.303(1), c=8.360(1) Å; V=364.0(1) ų; Z=4) and absorbs hydrogen near ambient conditions (<200 °C, <8 bar) thereby forming the quaternary metal hydride LaMg₂NiH₇. Neutron powder diffraction on the deuteride revealed a monoclinic distorted metal atom substructure (LaMg₂NiD₇: space group P2₁/c, a=13.9789(7), b=4.7026(2), c=16.0251(8) Å; β=125.240(3)°, V=860.39(8) ų; Z=8) that contains two symmetry independent tetrahedral [NiD₄]⁴⁻ complexes with Ni–D bond lengths in the range 1.49–1.64 Å, and six D⁻anions in tetrahedral metal configuration with bond distances in the ranges 1.82–2.65 Å (Mg) and 2.33–2.59 Å (La). The compound constitutes a link between metallic ‘interstitial’ hydrides and non-metallic ‘complex’ metal hydrides.     

Deformation induced transformations and grain boundary thickness in nanocrystalline B2 FeAl

Precise measurement of fundamental Bragg peak shifts during milling of nanocrystalline ordered B2 Fe₆₀Al₄₀ has allowed for the first time, the deconvolution of the 110 fundamental Bragg peak intensities of the b.c.c. disordered regions and of the ordered B2 regions from the start and before full disappearance of the latter. The evolution of the lattice parameter a₀ of the b.c.c. solid solution with milling time shows two characteristics. First a jump to higher values from the initial a₀ of the B2 phase, with a Δa₀ change of the order of 1% corresponding to a volume per atom ΔV_expansion of about 3%. Subsequently, a₀ continues to increase slowly with further milling at constant grain size D and in the absence of any B2 phase. This continuing change of a₀ with further milling up to at least 180 min is attributable to a reduction of chemical short-range order (CSRO) or the number of Al–Fe heteroatomic “bonds”. The appearance of two well-defined maxima in the hyperfine field (HF) distributions derived from the Mössbauer spectra indicated the presence of two ferromagnetic environments contributing to the broadened Mössbauer resonance sextet signal. The evolution of the second component of this Mössbauer signal scales with the grain size. Using the mean grain size D derived from X-ray peak profiles and TEM pictures together with the grain boundary thickness d_gb of 1.25 nm determined by Fultz et al. (J. appl. Phys., 1996, 7, 127) for b.c.c. Fe-based alloys, the fraction of grain boundary atoms n_gb/n_total was estimated and found to be consistent with the fraction of Fe atoms contributing to the lower HF component of the Mössbauer sextet signal. The grain boundary atom count using both methods confirms that grain boundaries in materials nanocrystallized by heavy deformation are nearly as dense as in the bulk.     

Effect of the alloy composition on the grain refinement of aluminum alloys

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of solute elements on grain refinement in aluminum based hypoeutectic alloys. Grain sizes of the as-cast structures were measured. The measured grain sizes were plotted vs. the undercooling parameter, P, the growth restriction factor, Q, and the solidification interval, ΔT, of the alloys. The results indicated that grain sizes decrease monotonically with increasing ΔT over the whole range of the hypoeutectic compositions whereas the relationships between the grain size and P or Q are “V” type curves.     

Orthorhombic Mg4IrD5 with disordered deuterium distribution

Mg₄IrH₅ and its deuteride was synthesized by the reaction of magnesium and iridium powders with hydrogen (deuterium) at high pressure (41–100 bar) and high temperature (723–783 K). The structure was determined by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. This compound crystallizes with a new structure type with orthorhombic symmetry (space group Imma, cell parameters a = 4.8110(3) Å, b = 8.9624(6) Å, c = 10.8970(8) Å, Z = 4, hydride, T = 298 K). It contains two deuterium sites: one is disordered with an occupancy of 75% and surrounds iridium in a distorted square planar configuration with distances [Ir---D] = 1.69 Å; the other is ordered and is coordinated by magnesium in a distorted tetrahedral configuration.     

Formation of a tetragonal phase hydride in Ti–Mo–H system

The structural relationship between the hydride phases in Ti–Mo–H solid solution system (Mo content up to 15 at% in the alloy) during dehydrogenation process under annealing has been studied by conventional and in situ X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. During dehydrogenation, the saturated hydrides of the Ti–Mo alloys with fcc δ-phase structure transfer into bcc β-phase at higher temperatures. An associated hydrogen concentration reduction for the δ-phase hydride is observed in the process. However, as the hydrogen concentrations decrease to certain values (H/M  1.1–1.7), the unsaturated δ-phase formed at high temperature would become unstable at lower temperature, and transfer into a tetragonal phase (denoted the -phase here). Unlike that of the -phase in Ti–H system, the phase transition does not occur for the saturated δ-phase with hydrogen concentration close to the stoichiometric limit. The hydrogen concentration of this -phase hydride is in between that of the tetragonal γ and -phase in Ti–H system, but more close to the γ-phase. The occurrence region of this -phase expands along with the increase of the Mo content in the alloys. The phase has a lattice similar to that of the -phase in Ti–H system with corresponding fct unit-cell c/a < 1.     

Structural, thermodynamic, and electrochemical properties of TixZr1−x(VNiCrMnCoAl)2 C14 Laves phase alloys

The crystal structure of the monoclinic phase η-Al₁₁Cr₂ of the space group C2/c, a ≈ 1.76 nm, b ≈ 3.05 nm, c ≈ 1.76 nm, β ≈ 90° [L.A. Bendersky, R.S. Roth, J.T. Ramon, D. Shechtman, Metall. Trans. A 22A (1991) 5] has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure model, refined to a final R value of 0.0441, has the composition of Al_83.8Cr_16.2. a = 1.77348(10) nm, b = 3.04555(17) nm, c = 1.77344(10) nm, monoclinic angle β = 91.0520(12)°. There are 80 (66Al + 14Cr) independent atomic positions in a unit cell, of which all Cr atom sites and 8 Al atom sites have icosahedral coordination. These icosahedra are interconnected forming icosahedral chains along , (1 0 1) icosahedral layer blocks as well as a three-dimensional icosahedral structure.     

High Strength and Ductility of a MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg Sandwiched Plate Produced by High-Pressure Torsion

Due to their unique precipitation behavior, magnesium-rare earth (Mg-RE) alloys exhibit excellent strength and high thermal stability. However, owing to the negative blocking effect of precipitation on dislocation slipping, the plasticity and ductility of Mg-RE alloys become deteriorate after aging treatment. In this work, a novel strategy to improve the combination of strength and ductility by designing a laminate heterostructured Mg alloy is proposed. High-pressure torsion (HPT) processing is employed to fabricate a clean and well-bonded interface between MgGdYAg and MgAg alloys. The two alloys have huge differences in precipitation hardening, and ductility is improved due to two facts. For one thing, the density of the second phases in the MgAg alloy is much lower than that of MgGdYAg alloy; for another, the non-basal 〈c + a〉 slipping is continuously activated during deformation. Through this mechanism, the uniform elongation of the heterostructured MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg alloy is improved to 7.1%.     

Structural investigation of ternary RIr3B2 compounds (R=Ce and Pr)

Structural studies were performed for the ternary RIr₃B₂ compounds (R=Ce and Pr) from as cast samples. The crystal structure of the ternary boride CeIr₃B₂ (CeCo₃B₂ structure type, space group P6/mmm, a=5.520(3) Å, c=3.066(2) Å, Z=1, V=80.91 ų, ρ_x=15.154 g cm⁻³) was refined to R₁=0.0470, wR₂=0.1240 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The new ternary boride PrIr₃B₂ was found to be isostructural with the CeIr₃B₂ compound. Its lattice parameters a=5.5105(2) Å, c=3.1031(1) Å were obtained from a Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data.     

Synthese und kristallstruktur von KCr0,8Al0,2Mo2O8

Single crystals of KCr_0.8Al_0.2Mo₂O₈ were prepared and investigated by the X-ray diffractometer technique. It shows a structure type related to trigonal KAIMo₂O₈, monoclinic NaCrMo₂O₈ or orthorhombic KInMo₂O₈, space group C_2h⁶—C2/c; a=17.445 Å, b=5.649 Å, c=8.997 Å, β=119.37°; Z=4. KCr_0.8Al_0.2Mo₂O₈ is characterized by isolated MoO₄ tetrahedra, isolated (Cr/Al)O₆ octahedra and a distorted square antiprism around K⁺. The crystal structure is discussed with respect to those of related compounds.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von KCr_0.8Al_0.2Mo₂O₈ wurden synthetisiert und mit Vierkreisdiffraktometertechnik röntgenographisch untersucht. Sie zeigen einen mit trigonal-KA1Mo₂O₈, monoklin-NaCrMo₂O₈ oder orthorhombisch-KlnMo₂O₈ verwandten Strukturtyp, Raumgruppe C_2h⁶—C2/c; a=17,445 Å, b=5,649 Å, c=8,997 Å, β=119,37°; Z=4. KCr_0.8Al_0.2Mo₂O₈ zeichnet sich durch isolierte MoO₄-Tetraeder, isolierte (Cr/Al)O₆-Oktaeder und ein verzerrtes quadratisches Antiprisma um K⁺ aus. Die Kristallstruktur wird mit solchen verwandter Verbindungen diskutiert.     

Kristallstrukturen und Eigenschaften neuer ternärer iridiumphosphide

Four new ternary iridium phosphides were prepared by reaction of the elements at 900–1100 °C. Their structures were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray methods. EuIrP (a = 6.272(1) Å) and BaIrP (a = 6.531(1) Å) crystallize in a SrSi₂-type derivative structure (LaIrSi-type structure; P2₁3; Z = 4). EuIr₂P₂ (a = 6.671(1), c = 7.055(1) Å) and SrIr₂P₂ (a = 6.693(1), c = 7.061(1) Å) form a new structure (P3₂21; Z = 3). All the P atoms and half of the Ir atoms build up a three-dimensional framework with the Eu(Sr) atoms and the remaining Ir atoms in the cavities. The latter atoms form threefold screws along [001] with short Ir---Ir distances. Magnetic measurements of EuIrP and EuIr₂P₂ show that europium is divalent in both compounds.

Zusammenfassung

Vier neue ternäre Iridiumphosphide wurden durch Umsetzung der Elemente bei 900–1100 °C dargestellt. Die Bestimmung der Strukturen erfolgte mit Röntgen-Einkristallmethoden. EuIrP (a = 6,272(1) Å) und BaIrP (a = 6,531(1) Å) kristallisieren in einer Besetzungsvariante der SrSi₂-Struktur (LaIrSi-Typ; P2₁3; Z = 4). EuIr₂P₂ (a = 6,671(1), c = 7,055(1) Å) und SrIr₂P₂ (a = 6,693(1), c = 7,061(1) Å) bilden eine neue Struktur (P3₂21; Z = 3). Die P- sowie die Hälfte der Ir-Atome sind miteinander zu einem dreidimensionalen Gerüst verknüpft, in dem sich schraubenförmige Kanäle entlang [001] erstrecken. Diese werden von den Eu(Sr)- sowie den restlichen Ir-Atomen besetzt, wobei letztere in Form regulärer 3-zähliger Schrauben mit kurzen Ir---Ir-Abständen angeordnet sind. Magnetische Messungen an EuIrP und EuIr₂P₂ zeigen, daβ Europium in beiden Verbindungen zweiwertig vorliegt.     

Materials with layered structures X: subsolidus phase diagram of the system FeIn2S4–FeIn2Se4

The system (1−x)FeIn₂S₄–xFeIn₂Se₄ has been investigated by X-ray powder methods. The subsolidus phase diagram is constructed in the temperature interval 600–1000°C. The spinel type FeIn₂S₄ exhibits a phase width up to the composition FeIn₂S₃Se and the layered FeIn₂Se₄ is formed for 1≥x≥0.65. A new layered compound is formed for 0.55≥x≥0.4 which crystallizes at temperatures below 850°C in an -FeGa₂S₄ structure with a=363.6 pm and c=1207.1 pm (x=0.5) for the hexagonal cell and at higher temperatures in the MgAl₂S₄-type with a=393.9 pm and c=3843.2 pm (x=0.5) for the hexagonal cell. Both structures have been refined by the Rietveld-method. All phase boundaries are nearly independent from temperature.     

High-pressure synthesis and crystal structures of two new polyphosphides, NaP5 and CeP5

Two novel polyphosphides, NaP₅ and CeP₅, were prepared in a BN crucible by the reaction of elemental components under a high pressure of 3 GPa at 800–950 °C. The X-ray structural analysis showed that NaP₅ crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group Pnma with a=10.993(2) Å, b=6.524(1) Å, c=6.903(1) Å, Z=4 and CeP₅ in the monoclinic group P2₁/m with a=4.9143(5) Å, b=9.6226(8) Å, c=5.5152(4) Å, β=104.303(6)°, Z=2. The crystal structure of NaP₅ consists of a three-dimensional framework _∞³[P₅]¹⁻ constructed by P---P bonds among four crystallographically inequivalent phosphorus sites, with large channels hosting the sodium cations, while CeP₅ is a layered compound containing _∞²[P₅]³⁻ polyanionic layers that are separated by Ce³⁺ ions. NaP₅ exhibits the diamagnetic behavior, while the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of CeP₅ essentially follows the Curie–Weiss law.