Supporting Scientific Collaboration: Methods, Tools and Concepts

This paper discusses the interrelationship between e-Science and CSCW in terms of key substantive, methodological and conceptual innovations made in both fields. In so doing, we hope to draw out the existing relationship between CSCW and e-Science research, and to map out some key future challenges where the two areas of research may become more closely aligned. In considering what may be required to draw the two more closely together, the paper focuses primarily on investigations that have been undertaken in two dedicated initiatives into e-Science, along with the key issues emerging from these studies.     

视频挖掘：概念、技术与应用*

视频挖掘旨在提取视频数据的语义信息并挖掘出隐含其中的有用模式和知识,从而有助于提高视频的智能应用水平,通过资料分析和文献查证,详细总结并探讨了视频挖掘的概念、技术实现方法和应用领域,并指出了视频挖掘的研究挑战。     

传感网络:概念，应用与挑战

Sensor network has experienced world-wide explosive interests in recent years. It combines the technology of modern microelectronic sensors, embedded computational processing systems, and modern computer and wireless networking methodologies. In this overview paper, we first provide some rationales for the growth of sensor networking. Then we discuss various basic concepts and hardware issues. Four basic application cases in the US. National Science Foundation funded Ceneter for Embedded Networked Sensing program at UCLA are presented. Finally, six challenging issues in sensor networks are discussed. Numerous references including relevant papers, books, and conferences that have appeared in recent years are given.     

主动网络的概念应用及其范例

主动网络是可编程网络,主动网络中的网络结点具有计算能力,它能对流经本地的数据进行计算和修改,本文介绍了主动网络（active network)的应用,实现方案并通过具体实例Bowman和CANEs来阐述。     

Simulating Network Delays: Applications,Algorithms, and Tools

Organizations are rushing to establish a presence on the World Wide Web (WWW). Researchers, designers, and users all recognize the importance of network delays, with longer delays frequently being associated with more negative user experiences. Although some delay is unavoidable, design decisions do contribute to the total delay users experience. In this article, a collection of tools that allow individuals to experience realistic network delays during informal evaluations, usability studies, and controlled experiments are described. These tools allow practitioners to more effectively assess usability in the context of realistic network delays, researchers to more effectively investigate the factors that affect the usability of information and applications delivered via the WWW, and educators to more effectively convey the importance of design decisions in the context of the WWW. This article describes how these tools may be used as well as the tools themselves, including the algorithms that make them effective. 2 approaches for validating simulations with results are presented. The first validation suggests that the simulation process utilized in the wide-area network delay simulator tools (Borella & Sears, 1997) effectively reproduces the network delays observed when retrieving material via the WWW. The second validation provides even stronger support, indicating that the simulation process can be used to reproduce a specific set of network conditions more accurately than the network itself. Directions for additional research are also discussed.     

Metamodels in Europe: Languages, Tools, and Applications

Editor's note:This article provides an overview of current efforts in Europe for using metamodeling in the integrated development of critical systems such as automotive electronics. It distinguishes between lightweight versus heavyweight approaches, surveys a number of related current European projects, and gives details about the Speeds project to illustrate the role of metamodeling-driven system engineering.—Sandeep Shukla, Virginia Tech     

Statistical Mechanics of Online Learning of Drifting Concepts: A Variational Approach

We review the application of statistical mechanics methods to the study of online learning of a drifting concept in the limit of large systems. The model where a feed-forward network learns from examples generated by a time dependent teacher of the same architecture is analyzed. The best possible generalization ability is determined exactly, through the use of a variational method. The constructive variational method also suggests a learning algorithm. It depends, however, on some unavailable quantities, such as the present performance of the student. The construction of estimators for these quantities permits the implementation of a very effective, highly adaptive algorithm. Several other algorithms are also studied for comparison with the optimal bound and the adaptive algorithm, for different types of time evolution of the rule.     

公平机器学习:概念、分析与设计

随着人工智能的发展,机器学习技术越来越多地应用于社会各个领域,用以辅助或代替人们进行决策,特别是在一些具有重要影响的领域,例如,信用程度评级、学生质量评估、福利资源分配、疾病临床诊断、自然语言处理、个性信息推荐、刑事犯罪判决、无人驾驶等.如何在这些应用中确保决策公平或者无偏见?如何在这些应用中保护弱势群体的利益?这些问...     

Book Review: User Interfaces for All: Concepts,Methods and Tools

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction -     

Cellular-Logic Devices: Concepts and Applications

Cellular-logic devices, using a parallel processing element for each element of a rotating memory, allow fast data search and manipulation.     

An Online Learning Approach: A Methodology for Time Varying Applications

In this paper, a new procedure to continuously adjust weights in a multi-layered neural network is proposed. The network is initially trained by using a traditional backpropagation algorithm. After this first step, a non-linear programming technique is used to properly calculate the new weights sets online. This methodology is tailored to be used in time varying (non-stationary) models, eliminating the necessity for retraining. Numerical results for a controlled experiment and for real data are presented.     

Exhaustive and Efficient Constraint Propagation: A Graph-Based Learning Approach and Its Applications

This paper presents a novel pairwise constraint propagation approach by decomposing the challenging constraint propagation problem into a set of independent semi-supervised classification subproblems which can be solved in quadratic time using label propagation based on $k$ -nearest neighbor graphs. Considering that this time cost is proportional to the number of all possible pairwise constraints, our approach actually provides an efficient solution for exhaustively propagating pairwise constraints throughout the entire dataset. The resulting exhaustive set of propagated pairwise constraints are further used to adjust the similarity matrix for constrained spectral clustering. Other than the traditional constraint propagation on single-source data, our approach is also extended to more challenging constraint propagation on multi-source data where each pairwise constraint is defined over a pair of data points from different sources. This multi-source constraint propagation has an important application to cross-modal multimedia retrieval. Extensive results have shown the superior performance of our approach.     

Investigation of the Use of Navigation Tools in Web-Based Learning: A Data Mining Approach

Web-based learning is widespread in educational settings. The popularity of Web-based learning is in great measure because of its flexibility. Multiple navigation tools provided some of this flexibility. Different navigation tools offer different functions. Therefore, it is important to understand how the navigation tools are used by learners with different backgrounds, knowledge, and skills. This article presents two empirical studies in which data-mining approaches were used to analyze learners' navigation behavior. The results indicate that prior knowledge and subject content are two potential factors influencing the use of navigation tools. In addition, the lack of appropriate use of navigation tools may adversely influence learning performance. The results have been integrated into a model that can help designers develop Web-based learning programs and other Web-based applications that can be tailored to learners' needs.     

Particle Swarm Optimization: Basic Concepts, Variants and Applications in Power Systems

Many areas in power systems require solving one or more nonlinear optimization problems. While analytical methods might suffer from slow convergence and the curse of dimensionality, heuristics-based swarm intelligence can be an efficient alternative. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), part of the swarm intelligence family, is known to effectively solve large-scale nonlinear optimization problems. This paper presents a detailed overview of the basic concepts of PSO and its variants. Also, it provides a comprehensive survey on the power system applications that have benefited from the powerful nature of PSO as an optimization technique. For each application, technical details that are required for applying PSO, such as its type, particle formulation (solution representation), and the most efficient fitness functions are also discussed.     

Editorial Note: Multimodal Data Fusion,Learning and Applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications -     

Nonlinear Bivariate Comovements of Asset Prices: Methodology, Tests and Applications

Comovements among asset prices have received a lot of attention for several reasons. For example, comovements are important in cross-hedging and cross-speculation; they determine capital allocation both domestically and in international mean-variance portfolios and also, they are useful in investigating the extent of integration among financial markets. In this paper we propose a new methodology for the non-linear modelling of bivariate comovements. Our approach extends the ones presented in the recent literature. In fact, our methodology, outlined in three steps, allows the evaluation and the statistical testing of non-linearly driven comovements between two given random variables. Moreover, when such a bivariate dependence relationship is detected, our approach creates a polynomial approximation. We illustrate our three-step methodology to the time series of energy related asset prices. Finally, we exploit this dependence relationship and its polynomial approximation to obtain analytical approximations of the Greeks for the European call and put options in terms of an asset whose price comoves with the price of the underlying asset.