Additive Manufacturing of Nickel-Base Superalloy IN100 Through Scanning Laser Epitaxy

Scanning laser epitaxy (SLE) is a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-based additive manufacturing process that uses a high-power laser to consolidate metal powders facilitating the fabrication of three-dimensional objects. In the present study, SLE is used to produce samples of IN100, a high-γ′ non-weldable nickel-base superalloy on similar chemistry substrates. A thorough analysis is performed using various advanced material characterization techniques such as high-resolution optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness measurements to characterize and compare the quality of the SLE-fabricated IN100 deposits with the investment cast IN100 substrates. The results show that the IN100 deposits have a finer γ/γ′ microstructure, weaker elemental segregation, and higher microhardness compared with the substrate. Through this study, it is demonstrated that the SLE process has tremendous potential in the repair and manufacture of gas turbine hot-section components.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Ta Composites Prepared Through Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing

In this study, an innovative approach was used to fabricate Ti-Ta composite biomaterials through cold spray additive manufacturing followed by a diffusion treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated in detail using field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, 3D X-ray computed tomography, tensile test, nanohardness test and resonance vibration test. The obtained results indicated that the prepared composites have inhomogeneity in their microstructure and composition. A unique microstructure, composed of Ti-rich, Ta-rich and diffusion regions, was evolved in the composites due to incomplete diffusion between Ti and Ta splats. Further, Kirkendall pores were formed in the composites due to uneven diffusion of the two phases (of Ti and Ta) during high-temperature heat treatment. The prepared composites simultaneously showed low elastic modulus and high tensile strength which is required for a good biomaterial. Low elastic modulus was associated with the residual pores and the alloying effect of Ta in Ti, while high tensile strength was related to the solid solution strengthening effects. The obtained results indicated that the prepared Ti-Ta composites have a great potential to become a new candidate for biomedical applications.     

西马克增材制造技术研究

西马克集团增材制造研发中心,将增材制造产业的整个价值链作为研究方向,其研发制造的雾化粉末设备,可以生产高品质的金属粉末,具有成本低、效率高的优势。该设备集成了卫星粉防控技术,极大地降低了不合格粉末颗粒的含量,同时,通过对雾化过程进行CFD计算流体动力学仿真(以下简称CFD仿真),优化了紧耦合喷嘴的设计,提高了金属粉末的性能和收得率。     

增材制造技术的发展

增材制造技术是近30年快速发展的特种加工技术,其优势在于三维结构的快速和自由制造,被广泛应用于新产品开发、单件小批量制造。通过对增材制造技术设备和应用情况的介绍,阐述了我国增材制造技术的发展趋势和关键技术。未来增材制造技术将向着三个方向发展:一是日常消费品制造方向;二是功能零件制造方向;三是组织与结构一体化制造方向。     

Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of an important, rapidly emerging, manufacturing technology that is alternatively called additive manufacturing (AM), direct digital manufacturing, free form fabrication, or 3D printing, etc. A broad contextual overview of metallic AM is provided. AM has the potential to revolutionize the global parts manufacturing and logistics landscape. It enables distributed manufacturing and the productions of parts-on-demand while offering the potential to reduce cost, energy consumption, and carbon footprint. This paper explores the material science, processes, and business consideration associated with achieving these performance gains. It is concluded that a paradigm shift is required in order to fully exploit AM potential.     

锥形喷嘴水射流反推力的研究

认识并掌握水射流产生推进力的机理,是进行水射流切削系统和水射流推进系统设计的基础.本文对几种不同出口直径和锥角的锥形喷嘴水射流反推力进行了理论分析和仿真计算,研究了压力、流量和锥形喷嘴的结构参数对反推力及反推力系数的影响,从而确定锥形喷嘴的最佳结构参数.     

增材制造技术的应用及其发展

增材制造技术,也称3D打印技术,是一种采用材料逐渐累加的方法制造实体零件的技术,由于具有成形速度快、材料利用率高、生产周期短与数字化程度高等特点,近20年来成为各国科学家研究的热点。随着激光技术、计算机技术、CAD/CAM等技术的快速发展,增材制造技术在航空航天、汽车生产、生物制造、建筑设计等诸多工程领域得到了广泛的应用。介绍了增材制造技术的主要分类、工作原理、应用领域及其国内外研究现状,总结了各类关键技术所面临的问题,并讨论了其未来发展趋势。     

面向机器人激光增材制造的机器视觉系统标定算法

随着现代智能制造的快速发展,金属增材制造、绿色再制造、焊接等领域大量使用机器人等自动化装备,视觉传感是机器人智能制造的关键环节.针对上述需求设计了一套基于线结构光的视觉传感器,并对其进行标定,自主开发了用于机器人激光增材制造的机器视觉系统.该系统通过Matlab相机标定工具包实现相机的内外参数标定,利用Labview编...     

Additive Manufacturing of Composites and Complex Materials

Advanced composite materials form an important class of high-performance industrial materials used in weight-sensitive applications such as aerospace structures, automotive structures and sports equipment. In many of these applications, parts are made in small production runs, are highly customized and involve long process development times. Developments in additive manufacturing (AM) methods have helped in overcoming many of these limitations. The special topic of Additive Manufacturing of Composites and Complex Materials captures the state of the art in this area by collecting nine papers that present much novel advancement in this field. The studies under this topic show advancement in the area of AM of carbon fiber and graphene-reinforced composites with high thermal and electrical conductivities, development of new hollow glass particle-filled syntactic foam filaments for printing lightweight structures and integration of sensors or actuators during AM of metallic parts. Some of the studies are focused on process optimization or modification to increase the manufacturing speed or tuning manufacturing techniques to enable AM of new materials.     

冷喷涂增材制造关键技术

近些年来,冷喷涂技术得到快速的发展,并逐渐形成了一门新的增材制造方法。 但由于目前存在的诸多技术壁垒以及居高不下的制造成本,使得冷喷涂增材制造技术尚未得到广泛的应用。 文中从技术与应用的角度出发,对冷喷涂增材制造目前存在的一些关键技术问题以及未来发展的方向进行梳理与讨论,同时也提出了一些适用的解决方案。 目的是为促进该技术实现更高价值的制造过程,从而推动冷喷涂增材制造技术的发展。     

An Overview on Additive Manufacturing of Polymers

We present an overview on additive manufacturing (AM), also called three-dimensional printing, with a focus on polymers. First, we introduce the AM concept. Next, we outline several AM processes, including their advantages and limitations, and list common polymers that are used in commercial printers. Then, we state various AM applications and present two examples. We conclude with a global view of the AM field, its challenges, and future directions.     

Strategy for Texture Management in Metals Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have long been recognized for their ability to fabricate complex geometric components directly from models conceptualized through computers, allowing for complicated designs and assemblies to be fabricated at lower costs, with shorter time to market, and improved function. Lacking behind the design complexity aspect is the ability to fully exploit AM processes for control over texture within AM components. Currently, standard heat-fill strategies utilized in AM processes result in largely columnar grain structures. Proposed in this work is a point heat source fill for the electron beam melting (EBM) process through which the texture in AM materials can be controlled. Through this point heat source strategy, the ability to form either columnar or equiaxed grain structures upon solidification through changes in the process parameters associated with the point heat source fill is demonstrated for the nickel-base superalloy, Inconel 718. Mechanically, the material is demonstrated to exhibit either anisotropic properties for the columnar-grained material fabricated through using the standard raster scan of the EBM process or isotropic properties for the equiaxed material fabricated using the point heat source fill.     

Additive Manufacturing: Making Imagination the Major Limitation

Additive manufacturing (AM) refers to an advanced technology used for the fabrication of three-dimensional near-net-shaped functional components directly from computer models, using unit materials. The fundamentals and working principle of AM offer several advantages, including near-net-shape capabilities, superior design and geometrical flexibility, innovative multi-material fabrication, reduced tooling and fixturing, shorter cycle time for design and manufacturing, instant local production at a global scale, and material, energy, and cost efficiency. Well suiting the requests of modern manufacturing climate, AM is viewed as the new industrial revolution, making its way into a continuously increasing number of industries, such as aerospace, defense, automotive, medical, architecture, art, jewelry, and food. This overview was created to relate the historical evolution of the AM technology to its state-of-the-art developments and emerging applications. Generic thoughts on the microstructural characteristics, properties, and performance of AM-fabricated materials will also be discussed, primarily related to metallic materials. This write-up will introduce the general reader to specifics of the AM field vis-à-vis advantages and common techniques, materials and properties, current applications, and future opportunities.     

金属增材制造技术的研究进展

金属增材制造技术作为先进制造技术的一个重要发展方向,受到了制造业的广泛关注。主要从原理、特点、发展和实际应用方面,分别介绍基于激光、电子束以及电弧的金属增材制造技术,指出该技术现阶段存在的问题和未来研究方向。     

激光增材制造技术在铸造中的应用

增材制造技术实现了从三维模型数据直接成型实体零件的过程,具有周期短、精度高、零件复杂性的特点。将增材制造技术与铸造相结合,可提高铸件的生产效率、降低成本,扩大铸造工艺的应用领域及发展方向。简介了增材制造的工艺流程及成型原理,并分别阐述了增材制造技术在熔模精密铸造和砂型铸造工艺中的具体流程及实际应用。     

Five-Axis Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing for Nuclear Component Manufacture

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a three-dimensional metal printing technology which uses high-frequency vibrations to scrub and weld together both similar and dissimilar metal foils. There is no melting in the process and no special atmosphere requirements are needed. Consequently, dissimilar metals can be joined with little to no intermetallic compound formation, and large components can be manufactured. These attributes have the potential to transform manufacturing of nuclear reactor core components such as control elements for the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These components are hybrid structures consisting of an outer cladding layer in contact with the coolant with neutron-absorbing materials inside, such as neutron poisons for reactor control purposes. UAM systems are built into a computer numerical control (CNC) framework to utilize intermittent subtractive processes. These subtractive processes are used to introduce internal features as the component is being built and for net shaping. The CNC framework is also used for controlling the motion of the welding operation. It is demonstrated here that curved components with embedded features can be produced using a five-axis code for the welder for the first time.