一起曳引电梯冲顶事故的原因分析

电梯冲顶是电梯事故中较为严重的事故之一.本文针对一起曳引电梯冲顶事故,拟从技术层面上对事故进行分析,通过现场勘查、调取电梯故障记录等手段还原事故发生的经过,分析出导致事故发生的可能原因,为分析同类事故提供参考.同时提出了预防事故发生的措施与建议,避免类似事故发生.     

燃气事故调查报告的研究和分析

本文统计了近年来国内135起发布了正式事故调查报告的燃气事故案例,通过分析燃气事故调查报告的结构要素、燃气事故原因、事故主体以及责任认定等内容,研究燃气事故的规律.统计分析结果显示:由于缺乏燃气事故调查的标准规范,燃气事故调查报告的结构要素完整性欠缺;燃气事故中人的因素占比高达77.65％,其中违规操作最多;刑事处罚逐渐出现在更低级别的燃气事故追责中,表明政府部门对燃气事故的处罚力度在不断加大.     

基于事故树分析的海上交通事故的研究

将系统安全分析方法中的事故树分析(FTA)引入到海上交通事故研究中,以船舶碰撞事故为例,根据影响碰撞事故的各个因素及其逻辑关系建立事故树,并对该事故树进行定性分析,求出了各因素的重要度系数及事故树的最小径集,并且提出了控制船舶碰撞事故的措施,以避免碰撞事故的再次发生。结果表明:该方法能全面、客观地反映事故的因果关系,便于找出导致事故发生的主要原因,便于制定出防控事故的主要措施,在海上交通事故控制中可以起到良好的作用。     

基坑常见事故原因分析与控制

基础工程的常见事故主要包括土方施工事故、与挡土结构有关的事故、与锚杆体系有关的事故、与支撑体系有关的事故、与地下水治理不当有关的事故、与管理不当有关的事故等。在分析事故原因的基础上,提出控制措施及监理要点。     

海上油气田工程溢油风险分析与防范

文章主要对海上油气田开发工程建设阶段和运营阶段可能发生的溢油事故进行风险识别,并对部分溢油事故做定量分析,对溢油事故产生的环境影响进行定性分析,进而针对井喷事故、平台储罐泄漏事故、海管/立管事故及船舶碰撞事故提出风险防范的措施。     

上海地铁建设工程事故的统计分析

通过对上海轨道交通运营事故和几类典型工程事故如盾构推进事故、基坑事故、矿山隧道事故和临时结构工程事故的统计和分析,针对工程的安全问题提出借鉴和事故预防对策,使轨道交通工程更加安全可靠。研究表明,上海地铁工程事故发生次数较多,主要以基坑事故为主,表现为渗流破坏和坑内滑坡,根据工程建造的必要环节,确定了造成基坑工程事故的原因大多为施工因素。研究成果将为上海轨道交通的远期规划和国内其他城市的轨道工程安全建设提供基础参考数据。     

我国地铁建设事故规律分析与安全管理启示

近年来我国各类地铁建设安全事故频发,造成了重大的工程经济损失和严重的社会负面后果。为提升我国的地铁建设安全、揭示地铁建设事故发生的特征与规律,基于统计学的视角,对我国2001—2020年期间发生的336起事故,从时间、地域、事故类型、事故工程性质、事故严重程度等维度进行了系统全面的统计分析。研究发现:地铁建设事故总体呈现上升态势且事故分布呈现显著的时空分异特征;事故类型以坍塌为主但逐渐多元化;不同于海因里希法则的事故三角形,我国地铁建设事故总体呈沙漏型分布。最后围绕上述统计发现,给出了相应的安全管理启示,如在事故高发时段加强常态化监督检查工作、确定重点防控的事故类型、根据事故类型风险等级进行精细化的预案管理,以及构建全国地铁建设事故案例库以加强事故的检测与预防等。     

塔式起重机倾覆的原因及对策

塔式起重机(以下简称塔机)倾覆事故是建筑施工事故中最严重的事故之一,事故呈群死群伤的特性,给人们的生命和财产带来了巨大的损失.基于系统安全的原理,对塔式起重机事故进行了分类,分析了塔式起重机倾覆事故的原因,提出了预防塔式起重机倾覆事故的措施.     

两起燃气用气场所非燃气爆炸事故的辨析

辨析两起燃气用气场所中的爆炸事故,该两起事故起初被误认为燃气爆炸事故,通过现场调查与研究,最终判定为非燃气爆炸事故。一起事故为居民用气场所中,高压锅排汽安全阀堵塞,致使高压锅内蒸汽压力剧增,产生蒸汽爆炸;另一起事故为商业用气场所中,液态导热锅的导热油引起的爆燃事故。燃气用气场所爆炸事故时有发生,但燃气并非用气场所中引起爆炸事故的唯一危险因素。     

建筑施工高处作业坠落事故特点、成因与预防

建筑施工高处坠落事故,由于事故发生频率较高,因而高处坠落事故被列为建筑施工五大伤害之首,因此,研究建筑施工高处坠落的特点,分析事故的成因,寻找事故发生的规律,采取相应预防的措     

海外石油项目环境合规性规范体系研究

海外石油项目的环境合规性管理意义重大,环境合规性管理的关键问题是识别合适的规范体系。从法学理论分析,资源国法律及其批准的国际公约、投资开发协议所要求的法律法规、金融机构的融资担保合同中所要求的法律法规、投资母国的法律规范构成了对海外石油项目的硬法约束;国际组织通过约束跨国公司行为的协定指南、企业加入的自愿性承诺、国际行业标准以及被视为最佳实践和惯例的标准导则构成了软法约束。本文结合主要国际石油公司的环境合规性实践分析,认为在实际管理中,可以根据规范来源与效力、企业追求目标等因素将上述规范区分为核心规范和其他规范,其中核心规范进一步区分为必选规范和可选规范。     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

Application of real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of selected bacterial pathogens during municipal wastewater treatment

Bacteria were detected at five stages of municipal wastewater treatment using TaqMan(R) real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thirteen probe and primer sets were tested for diverse pathogens that may be present in wastewater, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of the assay was 100 fg of genomic DNA (=22 gene copies), based on a standard curve generated using A. hydrophila purified DNA. Samples from five stages of wastewater treatment were collected, including raw wastewater, primary effluents, mixed liquor, waste activated sludge and final effluents. In duplicate samples, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens and E. faecalis were detected throughout the wastewater process, and their numbers decreased by 3.52-3.98, 4.23-4.33, 3.15-3.39, and 3.24 orders of magnitude respectively, between the raw wastewater and final effluent stage. This qPCR method was effective for the detection of pathogens in wastewater and confirmed that the risk of exposure to pathogens in the wastewater discharge was well within the Environment Canada guidelines.     

中国城市国际化的历程、特征与展望

通过回顾中国国际化城市的总体历程可知:从定位看,国际化城市大致可分为国际化大都市、区域性国际城市和专业特色国际城市三类;从空间分布看,国际化城市大多为沿海、沿江、沿边开放城市,以及内陆省会开放城市和经济体制改革试点城市;从人口,经济特征看,国际化城市呈现出人口、经济和产业结构与国际化定位匹配的特征.我国一方面应编制国家...     

Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality

Great investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safety factors may prevent consequences of under-maintenance; and requiring regular inspection may help to enforce sufficient maintenance.     

Quantifying the relationship between visitor satisfaction and perceived accessibility to pedestrian spaces on festival days

Many cities organize cultural festivals to promote their distinctiveness, boost the local economy, andenhance quality of life. However, urban spaces are packed with visitors on festival days, thus affecting accessibility to pedestrian spaces. This research examined visitor satisfaction with accessibility to pedest rian spaces during special events such as festivals. We particularly focusedonthe Hakata Dontaku festival, which is celebrated in Fukuoka, Japan. We studied three main elements that affect pedestrian satisfaction and perceived accessibility through walking, namely, safety, mobility, andamenities. We first analyzed previous studies and employed analytical hierarchy process to setup indicators for satisfaction measurement. Second, we determined visitor satisfaction through a survey questionnaire, which was conducted duringthe Hakata Dontaku festival. Third, we assessed the normality of the data set that was obtained from the questionnaire. Finally, we applied structural equation modeling. Results showed that theproposed model was a good fit, as indicated by the goodness of fit test, and the majority of indicators loaded significant values that supported their constructs. Satisfaction with amenities was found to be the most statistically significant variable that influences visitors' perceived accessibility during the Hakata Dontaku festival.     

Water Resources Development: A Balanced Approach

Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented.     

结构鲁棒性及其评价指标

基于“偶然事件”、“局部损伤”、“不成比例破坏”和“失效后果”四个方面给出了结构鲁棒性的新定义,将结构鲁棒性的定量测度划分为四类,分别从结构的属性、结构的确定性性能、结构的可靠度以及结构的风险等方面详细阐述了目前已经提出的各种鲁棒性指标;分别采用基于承载力的鲁棒性指标、基于可靠度的鲁棒性指标以及基于风险的鲁棒性指标,对按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震鲁棒性进行了定量评价。结果表明：采用三类指标的鲁棒性评价结果一致,按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震鲁棒性。     

Urinary BTEX, MTBE and naphthalene as biomarkers to gain environmental exposure profiles of the general population

The aim of this work was to evaluate urinary benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and naphthalene (NAP) as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants. Personal air and urine samples from 108 subjects belonging to the Italian general population were compared. Urinary profiles were obtained by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BTEX, MTBE, ETBE and NAP median airborne exposures during a 5-h sampling were 4.0, 25.3, 3.8, 9.3, 3.4, 3.4, < 0.8, and 3.4 µg/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, median urinary levels, as geometric means of three determinations were: 122, 397, 74, 127, 43, 49, < 15, and 46 ng/L, respectively. Urinary benzene and toluene concentrations were 4.6- and 1.2-fold higher in smokers than in non-smokers. For most chemicals, significant positive correlations between airborne exposure (log-transformed) and the corresponding biological marker (log-transformed) were found, with Pearson's r values for correlation, ranging from 0.228 to 0.396. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the urinary level of these chemicals was influenced by personal airborne exposure, urinary creatinine, and urinary cotinine, with R² 0.733 for benzene. Urinary chemicals are useful biomarkers of environmental exposure. Given the ease of rapidly obtaining urine samples, they represent a non-invasive alternative to blood chemical analysis. The possibility of obtaining urinary exposure profiles makes this method an appealing tool for environmental epidemiology.     

Changes of organizations by projects

Permanent organizations, such as companies, divisions, profit and cost centres, as well as temporary organizations, i.e. projects and programmes, change. Different change types, namely organizational learning, further developing, transforming and radical re-positioning can be described by specific chains of processes. For performing change processes of permanent organizations projects and programmes can be applied.