聚丙烯/膨润土纳米复合材料制备及其力学性能

用溴化十六烷基吡啶与Na基膨润土制备出有机膨润土(OMMT).经热失重分析、红外光谱及X-射线衍射(XRD)测试表明:溴化十六烷基吡啶已进入膨润土层间;采用南京杰恩特SHJ-20型同向双螺杆挤出机,将聚丙烯(PP)与有机膨润土熔融复合,制得了分散效果良好的纳米复合材料,经塑料注射成型机压片制样,测试复合材料的力学性能.结果显示:添加有机膨润土的质量分数为3%～5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度提高了5%;缺口冲击强度提高40%.     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备及研究进展

本文简要介绍了聚合物基纳米复合材料制备方法及研究进展,分析了纳米粒子在聚合物分散的机理及技术。     

聚丙烯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料力学性能的研究

利用超声波分散方法将凹凸棒土分散在水中，采用硅烷偶联剂KH—570对凹凸棒土纳米棒品进行表面处理将经表面处理的凹凸棒土与聚丙烯复合制成纳米复合材料；研究了纳米复合材料的结品行为与力学性能。结果表明超声波有利于凹凸棒土的分散；凹凸棒土质量分数较低时，复合材料的力学性能有一定程度的提高。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的展望

综述了聚合物基纳米复合材料的类型、制备方法以及聚合物纳米复合材料的性能与改性机理,并对聚合物基纳米复合材料的开发应用提出了展望     

聚丙烯/纳米钛合金复合材料力学性能的研究

将经有机化处理的纳米钛合金粉体与聚丙烯通过熔融共混制得了聚丙烯/纳米钛合金复合材料;利用XRD对聚丙烯及其复合材料的结晶形态以及复合材料中钛合金粉体的粒径进行了分析;研究了钛合金粉体对复合材料拉伸模量、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、冲击强度及屈服强度的影响。结果显示,纳米钛合金粉体的加入有利于聚丙烯基体形成具有良好冲击强度的β型晶体;在钛合金粉体用量适当时,复合材料的拉伸模量、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均有所提高,其中冲击强度和断裂伸长率提高尤其显著。     

聚丙烯／铁复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

应用磨盘型力化学反应器对大颗粒铁和聚丙烯颗粒进行共碾磨制备复合粉体，研究了经过不同碾磨次数的PP／Fe复合粉体压成型复合材料的力学性能和动态力学性能。冲击断面的SEM形貌和Fe能谱的面分布研究结果表明，碾磨使Fe与PP形成紧密结合并呈微粒状均匀地分布在PP基体中，大幅度提高材料的抗冲强度、损耗模量和内耗。     

聚丙烯纳米复合材料的研究进展

对聚丙烯纳米复合材料的国内外研究进展进行了综述,重点讨论了聚丙烯／层状硅酸盐和聚丙烯／无机刚性粒子这两类纳米复合材料的增强增韧机理、制备方法与性能。     

聚丙烯／BA原佐聚合改性MMT纳米复合材料的DSC分析与力学性能

通过原位聚合制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)改性蒙脱土(MMT)，与聚丙烯(PP)熔融复合制成P／MMT纳米复合材料，系统地研究了复合材料的熔融、结品行为和力学性能。结果表明：随着处理MMT的BA用量的增加，PP／MMT纳米复合材料中PP相的结晶度、熔点和结晶温度明显提高，结晶速度加快；复合材料的拉伸强度变化不大，但拉伸横量和冲击强度有显著提高。当BA／0MMT质量比为1／12左右时，复合材料的韧性趋于平衡值，而拉伸横量出现最大值。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展

首先对聚合物基纳米复合材料进行了简单的归类,然后按分类介绍了各种聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究情况,对复合材料的制备方法、结构与性能特征及潜在的应用前景进行了扼要的总结。     

聚丙烯基纳米SiO2复合材料的流变性能研究

采用普通毛细管流变仪和高压毛细管流变仪，通过测定流变性能，研究不同表面处理工艺对PP基纳米SiO2复合材料的团聚，分散和界面性能的影响。结果表明，纳米SiO2采用偶联剂处理并包覆长链分子型分散剂后，可增加界面层厚度，形成相间缓冲层，由此增大纳米颗粒与颗粒间的距离，使纳米颗粒团聚体变得松散，摩擦阻力有所下降，熔体流动性损失减少，PP基纳米SiO2复合材料的熔融流动性基本随纳米SiO2用量的增加而下降；当纳米SiO2质量分数约为3%时，该复合材料的熔体流变性能近似于纯PP，并在挤出或注射成型的剪切速率范围内加工流动性未明显下降。     

Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites for automotive parts application

Nanocomposites of polypropylene with organically modified clays were compounded in a twin‐screw extruder by a two‐step melt compounding of three components, i.e., polypropylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA), and organically modified clay. The effect of PPgMA compatibilizers, including PH‐200, Epolene‐43, Polybond‐3002, and Polybond‐3200, with a wide range of maleic anhydride (MA) content and molecular weight was examined. Nanocomposites' morphologies and mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and impact resistance were investigated. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the dispersion morphology of clay particles seemed to be determined in the first compounding step and the further exfoliation of clays didn't occur in the second compounding step. As the ratio of PPgMA to clay increased, the clay particles were dispersed more uniformly in the matrix resin. As the dispersibility of clays was enhanced, the reinforcement effect of the clays increased; however, impact resistance decreased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 427–433, 2005     

两步法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能研究

采用两步法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料PP/MMT,考察了工艺配方和制备条件对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,两步法制备工艺对PP/MMT的力学性能有明显提高,最佳工艺配方:蒙脱土含量为2%,相容剂含量为15%,最佳制备条件:加工温度200℃,螺杆转速50 r/min。在此条件下制备的PP/MMT复合材料中蒙脱土达到纳米级分散。     

聚烯烃弹性体/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体的制备及力学性能

以过氧化物为硫化剂,用动态硫化法制备了聚烯烃弹性体(POE)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体,研究了硫化剂用量、填料种类和加工次数对体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,增加硫化剂用量可以提高体系的拉伸强度,降低拉伸永久变形和压缩永久变形。碳酸钙和滑石粉对POE/PP体系无明显增强作用,炭黑的增强作用较此二者明显一些,这三种填料加入后都会使体系的扯断伸长率降低而硬度增大。加入石蜡油会使体系的扯断伸长率和压缩永久变形增大、硬度和拉伸强度降低。加工次数对POE/PP体系的力学性能无明显影响,说明体系具有较好的重复加工性能。     

抗菌丙纶的制备及其性能研究

将抗菌丙纶母粒(含质量分数20％无机载银抗菌粒子)与PP进行熔融共混、切片,再通过熔融纺丝制得抗菌丙纶。扫描电镜观察经表面改性处理的无机抗菌粒子在丙纶中分散较好,大小均匀,且与PP基体具有良好的界面相容性;DSC测试表明:抗菌粒子对PP基体有异相成核作用,使PP结晶度和熔融温度略有提高;加入无机抗菌粒子,降低了丙纶的力学性能,添加量宜1％;通过改变纤维的拉伸倍数,提高抗菌丙纶的力学性能,拉伸倍数为8时,其力学性能最好;该抗菌丙纶对革兰氏阴性和阳性菌的杀菌率都大于99.9％,经水洗后仍有较好的抑菌效果,具有一定的长效抗菌性。     

The effect of organoclay on the mechanical properties and morphology of injection‐molded polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites

Nanocomposites containing a thermoplastic blend and organophilic layered clay (organoclay) were produced by melt compounding. The blend composition was kept constant [polyamide 6 (PA6) 70 wt % + polypropylene (PP) 30 wt %], whereas the organoclay content was varied between 0 and 10 wt %. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were determined on injection‐molded specimens in both tensile and flexural loading. Highest strength values were observed at an organoclay content of 4 wt % for the blends. The flexural strength was superior to the tensile one, which was traced to the effect of the molding‐induced skin‐core structure. Increasing organoclay amount resulted in severe material embrittlement reflected in a drop of both strength and strain values. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersion X‐ray analysis (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It was established that the organoclay is well dispersed (exfoliated) and preferentially embedded in the PA6 phase. Further, the exfoliation degree of the organoclay decreased with increasing organoclay content. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 175–189, 2004     

聚苯胺改性蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺质量分数为20% 的聚苯胺改性蒙脱土,并以此作为增强剂利用机械混炼法制备了聚苯胺改性蒙脱土( PANI － MMT) /天然橡胶( NR) 纳米复合材料。使用X 射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪及扫描电镜等对PANI － MMT 和PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的结构进行了表征,并考察了PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料形成了插层型纳米结构; 与普通的有机蒙脱土/NR 复合材料相比,PANI － MMT/NR 复合材料的力学性能明显提高,PANI － MMT 添加质量为20 份时其力学性能达到最好,并超过了添加40 份炭黑N 660 的NR 的力学性能。     

Thermal,dynamic‐mechanical,and dielectric properties of surfactant intercalated graphite oxide filled maleated polypropylene nanocomposites

Graphite oxide (GO) and amine surfactant intercalated graphite oxide (GOS) filled maleated polypropylene (PPgMA) nanocomposites were prepared directly by solution blending. In this study, the effects of the surfactant intercalation on the crystalline structure, thermo‐mechanical, and dielectric properties of PPgMA/GO and GOS composites are reported. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction exhibited a lower intensity diffraction peak of the monoclinic (α) phase of PPgMA for PPgMA/GOS composites compared with the unfilled sample. Differential scanning calorimetry exhibited a single characteristic melting peak of monoclinic (α) crystalline phase. The incorporation of GOS hardly showed any change in T_m. However, the significant decrease in the melting enthalpy of PPgMA/GOS composite, which was lower than that of GO filled PPgMA, demonstrated the high degree of dispersion of the GOS flakes in the PPgMA matrix. Dynamical mechanical analysis indicated that incorporation of GO or GOS into PPgMA increased both the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature, due to the hydrogen bonding between GO and the maleic anhydride group of PPgMA. Dielectric analyzer showed significant increase in both dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss at high temperature regimes in the GOS nanocomposites. The finely dispersed GOS in the PPgMA matrix manifested the interfacial polarization, which gave rise to much greater ε′ and ε″ than that of PPgMA/GO hybrid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能与结晶行为的影响

研究了两种类型的成核剂对国产共聚聚丙烯的结晶形态以及拉伸强度、冲击强度的影响。结果表明:加入TMB-5型成核剂,聚丙烯的冲击强度有一定程度改善,w(TMB-5)为0.1%时,改性聚丙烯的缺口冲击强度达到最大;TMX-2型成核剂可改善聚丙烯的拉伸性能,但抗冲击性能降低较大;TMB-5型成核剂可显著地改变聚丙烯的结晶行为,诱导聚丙烯在结晶过程中主要形成β晶;TMX-2型成核剂可诱导聚丙烯在结晶过程中主要生成α晶,与纯PP相比,α晶的形成能力增强。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation in an intermeshing corotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of molecular weight of PP‐MA (maleic anhydride‐ modified polypropylene) on clay dispersion and mechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. After injection molding, the tensile properties and impact strength were measured. The best overall mechanical properties were found for composites containing PP‐MA having the highest molecular weight. The basal spacing of clay in the composites was measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Nanoscale morphology of the samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallization kinetics was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy at a fixed crystallization temperature. Increasing the clay content in PP‐ MA330k/clay, a well‐dispersed two‐component system, caused the impact strength to decrease while the crystallization kinetics and the spherulite size remained almost the same. On the other hand, PP/PP‐MA330k/clay, an intercalated three‐component system containing some dispersed clay as well as the clay tactoids, showed a much smaller size of spherulites and a slight increase in impact strength with increasing the clay content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1562–1570, 2002     

Influence of nanoclay and coupling agent on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/bagasse nanocomposite

In this work, the effects of nanoclay (1–4 wt %) and coupling agent (2 and 4 wt %) loading on the physical and mechanical properties of nanocomposites are investigated. Composites based on polypropylene (PP), bagasse flour, and nanoclay (montmorillonite type) was made by melt compounding and then compression molding. When 1–3 wt % nanoclay was added, the tensile properties increased significantly, but then decreased slightly as the nanoclay content increased to 4%. The impact strength was 6% lower by the addition of 1 wt % nanoclay, it was decreased further when the nanoclay content increased from 1 to 4%. Finally, the water absorption of PP/bagasse composites was lowered with the increase in nanoclay content. Additionally, the coupling agent, 4 wt % MAPP, improved the mechanical and physical properties of the composites more than the 2 wt % MAPP. From these results, we can conclude that addition of nanoclay enables to achieve better physical and mechanical properties in conventional composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009