静态红外地平仪大角度测量模型及误差研究

卫星姿态变化时,静态红外地平仪的成像面与地平圆之间的夹角也会随着变化,因此会造成地平圆在地平仪成像面上成像的变化,进而导致地平仪大角度测量误差增大。为解决此问题,建立了随卫星姿态变化时地平圆在静态外红地平仪成像面上的成像模型,通过STK仿真对该模型进行验证,并给出了一种基于该模型的地平仪测量误差校正的方法,为卫星姿态测量与控制提供补偿和精度保证。     

静态红外地平仪的光学系统优化设计

分析了静态红外地平仪对卫星姿态测量的影响因素,发现测量误差主要来源于冷云的干扰,为了避开冷云的干扰,减少测量误差,又不使地平仪系统所接收的地球辐射能量太低,需要对光学系统重新进行优化设计。通过重新选择光学波段,并加大光学系统的通光口径,实现了光学系统的优化设计,对优化后系统进行分析计算,相对于优化前,系统所接收到的地球辐射总能量最多降低5%,但冷云的干扰却减少了30%。结果表明光学系统的优化设计将会大大提高静态红外地平仪对卫星姿态的测量精度。     

扫描式激光测径仪中电机转速波动对精度的影响及误差修正研究

激光扫描测量设备中,测量精度主要取决于扫描光带的平行性以及其扫描速度是否均匀,而扫描速度的均匀性主要取决于驱动多面棱镜旋转的驱动电机,其转速波动或漂移是造成测量误差的主要原因。该研究通过在测量光路中加入尺寸已知的光阑,利用同时测量光阑和未知测量对象直径的同步测量方法来消除电机转速波动的影响,并利用非线性补偿方法进行误差修正,尽可能减小系统误差对测量误差的影响。实验验证结果表明,经以上方法优化的激光扫描测量设备测量精度达到±0.002 mm,能够满足实际应用需要。     

一种提高红外地平仪确定卫星姿态精度的方法

红外地平仪提供了卫星星体相对于地球的姿态测量信息.受它在星体上安装精度限制、测量系统噪声和在轨期间星体质量分布变化的影响,直接使用红外测量值进行姿态计算会引入上述误差.如果只采用红外测量的差分值进行姿态计算,再通过滤波,就可以消除上述误差后得到高精度卫星姿态,这种方法充分利用了地球同步在轨卫星位置定点和姿态指向特性,对在轨运行卫星进行长时间姿态确定和实际控制结果表明该方法得到的姿态精度高于0.01°,显著提高了红外定姿精度.     

线阵静态红外地平仪新型地球模拟器

新型红外地球模拟器作为线阵静态红外地平仪研制的保障条件之一,对其进行地面的检测和标定。为保证线阵静态地平仪的研制精度,需要地球模拟器为线阵静态红外地平仪提供高精度地平辐射的等效模拟信号,以检测线阵静态红外地平仪的性能,而地球模拟器的仿真精度取决于其光学系统,通过对地球模拟器二次光学系统进行设计,以及进行温度控制,其温度控制精度、姿态角仿真精度均能达到设计要求。新型地球模拟器姿态角实现0.1°仿真精度,保证了线阵静态红外地平仪像元分辨率的测试要求。     

红外地平仪电机电流遥测数据波动现象研究

对某型号卫星红外地平仪用直流无刷电机在卫星测试过程中出现的电机电流遥测数据波动现象进行了研究。该红外地平仪选用的直流无刷电机具有低转速、小负载特性。通过对该型直流无刷电机的稳速驱动电路进行分析,根据电路锁相工作原理,阐明了电机电流遥测数据波动现象的成因。机理分析表明,直流无刷电机电流遥测数据波动现象是由于电机换相时产生的电流尖峰被采样电路采样到所致,不影响电机的安全可靠工作,也不影响产品在地面及在轨工作的使用寿命。通过对采样信号生成软件进行优化,可有效避免电机电流遥测数据波动现象。     

单相无刷直流电机的设计分析与建模仿真

文中针对单相无刷直流电机结构设计及驱动方式展开研究,推导出电机理想工况下的基本方程,根据工程实际需求并结合无刷直流电机的设计原则确定该电机的设计方案。利用设计方案设计一台额定功率38 W,额定转速750 rpm的单相无刷直流电机,并分析了渐变气隙对电机起动性能和齿槽转矩的影响,确定了最优气隙长度。通过对比单极性绕组和双极性绕组形式的优缺点确定绕组形式,结合传统电机设计公式确定绕组匝数。文中利用有限元法初步验证了设计方案的合理性。根据电机动态数学模型在Simulink环境中搭建了电机系统的模型,仿真得到电机的转速、转矩变化曲线,结果与理论分析吻合良好,验证了电机设计方案的合理性和电机模型的有效性。     

姿态角随机测量误差对机载激光扫描成像的影响

研究了姿态角随机测量误差对机载激光雷达激光脚点定位精度和数字表面模型(DSM)精度的影响。分析了机载激光雷达的工作原理,推导了姿态角随机测量误差与激光脚点定位误差之间的传递关系。通过数值仿真,模拟了3种地形,研究了姿态角随机测量误差对点云及DSM的影响规律。通过半实物仿真实验,定量评价了姿态角随机测量误差对激光脚点定位精度和DSM精度的影响。仿真和实验结果表明,姿态角随机测量误差造成激光脚点定位精度和DSM精度降低。姿态角随机测量误差造成激光脚点平面坐标误差增加较大,是高程误差的4~5倍;当姿态角随机测量误差增大10倍时,激光点云三维坐标误差也增大约10倍,而DSM误差则增大40倍左右。     

一种基于红外传感器的无人机姿态测量方法

针对红外温度传感器能灵敏感应天空地面热辐射的特点,提出了一种基于红外传感器测量无人机姿态信息的方法,相比传统姿态测量传感器,红外传感器具有体积小、重量轻、无漂移、成本低等优点;针对该方法介绍了由三对正交安装的红外传感器测量姿态角的基本原理及能获得更好视场角的45°安装方式;并通过场地实验获得了红外传感器的对地倾角和输出电压的函数关系;通过推理得到无人机姿态测量算法,实现了根据红外传感器的差动输出信号计算无人机的姿态角;同时对太阳的干扰问题作了适当的研究;为了验证算法的可靠性,进行了机载飞行实验。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效的测量无人机的姿态角。     

红外零位走动量测量中的相机姿态自适应补偿

为提高红外零位走动量测量精度,针对测量过程中相机姿态变化误差引起的图像定位精度不高问题,提出了一种CCD相机姿态小角度变化自适应补偿方法。通过理论分析,推导出相机姿态解算公式,建立了CCD相机姿态解算数学模型,然后基于某型红外瞄具零位走动量测量系统,分别针对三种相机姿态,对瞄具分划线在参考坐标系中的坐标进行了对比实验。结果表明,测量精度优于0.01 mil,能减小相机倾斜对红外瞄具零位走动量测量带来的误差,为提高零位走动量测量精度提供了一种相机姿态自适应补偿的新方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks