鳞片式链条炉排常见故障及其原因分析

鳞片式链条炉排由于在结构设计、制造、安装及运行操作仍不可避免地存在一些问题。本文从上述几个方面对链条炉排常见的故障、产生的原因进行分析,并找出相应的解决方法,对链条炉排的运行及检修有一定的指导意义。     

链条炉排的侧密封

以常用的鳞片式链条炉排为例,阐述了炉排侧密封的重要性,揭示了迷宫式密封存在的问题和采用接触式密封和饱合式密封的必要性,并对轻型链带式炉排的侧密封进行探讨。     

鳞片式链条炉排的运行故障及原因分析

鳞片式链条炉排在结构、制造、安装及运行操作等方面存在一些问题和故障。本文对链条炉排常见的故障及产生的原因进行分析 ,并找出相应的解决方法 ,对链条炉排的运行及检修有一定的指导意义     

顺转链条炉排分层式燃烧原理初探

加煤斗链条炉排工业锅炉,在煤质多变情况下的燃烧影响.对分层式给煤的链条炉排煤燃烧过程特点进行分析.     

大型链条炉排热水锅炉设计原则分析与探讨

本文通过对目前运行的大型链条炉排热水锅炉存在问题进行分析研究,并根据集中供热系统的运行特点,提出了大型链条炉排热水供热锅炉的主要设计原则,同时介绍了为解决近年来大型链条炉排热水锅炉在运行中出现的问题而最新开发的大型链条炉排热水锅炉新炉型.     

链条炉排燃煤热水锅炉的脱硝方案

本文结合链务炉排燃煤热水锅炉的具体特点，对目前的多项脱硝技术进行了分析，提出了链条炉排燃煤热水锅炉选择脱硝方案的原则，并提出了目前对于链条炉排燃煤热水锅炉选用脱硝方案的建议     

目前链条炉排减速器存在的一些问题

目前链条炉排减速器存在的一些问题范裕敏（芜湖锅炉厂）在工业锅炉的链条炉排中，许多新的传动型式的减速器，如行星齿轮和谐波齿轮减速器等都已经有了较多的应用，并在生产上发挥了一定的作用。但是，也发现了一些链条炉排减速器在设计和使用方面都还有一些不足之处，尚...     

链条炉排锅炉低负荷运行优化燃烧经济性分析

针对薄煤层在链条炉排锅炉低负荷运行时的应用以及煤层厚度和炉排速度优化的经济性,利用工业锅炉热工性能试验方法,结合链条炉排锅炉经济性指标计算,对一台29 MW链条炉排热水锅炉在薄煤层应用、煤层厚度和炉排速度优化试验中得到的优化值,根据测试数据、计算结果进行经济性分析与对比。结果表明,链条炉排锅炉优化燃烧后的燃烧效率、热效率可以提高到一个较高水平,链条炉排锅炉在低负荷下可以实现经济运行,并且还能达到节能减排的效果。     

燃煤链条炉排锅炉三维数值建模及燃烧过程分析

燃煤链条炉排锅炉燃烧过程十分复杂,为了对燃煤链条炉排锅炉煤层燃烧特性和机理进行深入分析,应用三维层燃模型对链条炉排锅炉燃烧过程进行了模拟计算,并与实验结果进行比较。对比发现模拟计算值与实验符合较好,说明模型能准确反映床层的燃烧特性。同时对不同配风方式下链条炉排锅炉燃烧过程进行了分析对比,发现炉拱结合推迟配风对原煤引燃有促进作用。     

小型链条炉排稻壳锅炉的开发设计

稻壳燃烧特性与煤不同,在作为燃料用于链条炉排锅炉时存在一些问题.分析了小型链条燃煤锅炉直接改用燃烧稻壳时运行中常见问题的原因,在此基础上根据稻壳的燃烧特性,详细论述了小型链条炉排稻壳锅炉在开发设计及运行中应注意的问题.给出了适于稻壳锅炉的炉拱设计参数,提出了合理的上料系统,阐述了如何调节鼓引风量等锅炉运行中应注意的事项.所述方法可使小型链条炉排锅炉在利用稻壳做燃料时运行更加经济可靠,同时对小型燃煤链条锅炉改为燃用稻壳也有一定借鉴作用.     

链条锅炉燃稻壳技术经济分析

主要介绍了稻壳的燃烧特性，以及以稻壳为燃料的75t／h链条锅炉的结构和技术特点。利用该锅炉燃烧稻壳，可以达到利用废弃资源、减少污染物排放、节约能源、保护环境的目的。     

Logistical supply chain design for bioeconomy applications

This paper proposes and tests novel supply chain designs for bioenergy and biobased products that result in logistical costs savings of 2–38%. The proposed supply chain design reduces the costs of: (1) purchasing logistical harvesting equipment; (2) operating logistical harvesting equipment; and (3) holding feedstock inventory, by using a multitude of crop types as feedstock, instead of just one, as is common in research and practice today. In so doing, this research challenges the prevalent assumption that monocultures, despite their known environmental concerns, are preferable from a costs perspective. Simulation/optimization is used to test supply chain designs, and then to find the environmental conditions where these new supply chain designs could be most profitably implemented.     

链条炉分层给煤装置的应用及节能效果

介绍了应用分层给煤装置对小型锅炉进行改造，增加了锅炉出力、降低了炉渣含碳量，提高了锅炉的热效率。     

Polyaryl piperidine anion exchange membranes with hydrophilic side chain

Recently, the development of high-performance and durable anion exchange membranes has been a top priority for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, a series of polyaryl piperidine anion exchange membranes with hydrophilic side chain (qBPBA-80-OQ-x) are prepared by the superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction. AFM images show that the hydrophilic side chain and hydrophobic main chain form a distinct microphase separation structure. The AEMs of qBPBA-80-OQ-100 and qBPBA-80 have close mechanical strength, but the ionic conductivity of the former (81 mS/cm, 80 °C) is higher than the latter (73 mS/cm, 80 °C). In addition, qBPBA-80-OQ-100 AEM loses by 15.0% after an alkaline treatment of 720 h, while qBPBA-80 AEM loses by 17.8%. The results indicate that the introduction of hydrophilic side chain not only promotes the formation of microphase separation structure, but also improves the ionic conductivity and alkaline resistance of polyaryl piperidine AEMs.     

Promoting chain elongation in mixed culture acidification reactors by addition of ethanol

In this research we investigate a microbial production process to produce medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) based on the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). In this microbial production process, called chain elongation, bacteria produce medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from ethanol and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). MCFAs could be used as new biomass based building blocks for the chemical and fuel industry. The objective of this article is to investigate whether chain elongation can be promoted during acidification of OFMSW by addition of ethanol. The results show that chain elongation can be promoted during acidification of OFMSW by addition of ethanol. However, the hydrolysis rate and the carboxylic acid yield of the OFMSW in reactors with ethanol additions were lower than the hydrolysis rate and the carboxylic acid yield than in reactors without ethanol additions. Further research is required to determine whether a combined chain elongation and acidification reactor or a separated reactor system is more advantageous for MCFA production from OFMSW.     

Wind turbine generator systems. The supply chain in China: Status and problems

Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) manufacture is booming in China. The key to success of the wind turbine generator industry is to construct the supply chain. However few papers focus on the supply chain. In China, many enterprises have started to manufacture the wind turbine generator system and the components. The supply chain of the wind turbine generator system is not well established in China. Many key components of WTGS still need to be imported, such as the principal axis bearing and electrical control systems. We review the status of wind turbine generator system manufacturing and analyze the problems of the supply chain in China. We analyze the problems about the supply chain from a macroscopic view. The aims of this paper are to let more scholars and experts know the status of the WTGS supply chain and to do something for building a successful industry in China.     

可用于冷链物流相变材料的研究进展

简述了相变材料(PCM)的分类和特点。根据冷链物流对温度的不同要求,将可用于冷链物流相变材料分为冷藏用和冷冻用相变材料两大类。针对固-液相变材料在液态时易发生泄漏的问题,介绍了相变材料微胶囊、泡沫金属和高吸水性树脂(SAP)等相变材料载体的研究现状。分别阐述并分析了无机相变材料、有机相变材料和无机-有机相变材料的特点及其研究进展,针对不同相变材料存在的相分离、过冷、腐蚀和导热系数小等问题,介绍了相应的解决方案。最后,指出了相变材料在冷链物流领域应用中仍然存在的一些问题,展望了冷链物流用相变材料的发展方向。     

风电机组传动链典型故障特征提取方法

为解决风电机组传动链易发生故障的问题,文章阐述了风电机组齿轮箱特征频率的计算方法和基于振动信号分析的故障特征提取方法。结合实际情况,以行星级齿轮磨损、中间轴小齿轮崩齿、高速轴齿轮崩齿和发电机轴承电腐蚀等典型故障为例,通过齿轮箱特征频率和传动链典型故障振动信号基本特征分析,可较好地完成故障识别。结果表明,采用经典信号处理方法能对上述典型故障进行特征提取,验证了经典方法对单一、明显故障特征提取的有效性,为深入开展传动链故障特征提取方法研究奠定了基础,为风电机组故障检修维护提供了技术支撑。     

Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management: A review

Biofuel energy as an alternative and additive form of energy to fossil fuel has gained much attention in recent times. In order to sustain such a vision, a robust supply chain is of extreme importance in helping to deliver competitive biofuel to the end user markets. In this paper, firstly, an introduction of the evolution of biofuels and the general structure of the biofuel supply chain are presented. Secondly, the three types of decision making levels and uncertainties that are inherent within the biofuel supply chain are discussed. Thirdly, important methodologies for modeling uncertainties in the decision making process are provided. Fourthly, sustainability concepts and models that give perspectives to the social, economical and environmental concepts are reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future research based on incorporating uncertainties and sustainability concepts within the biofuel supply chain are drawn and suggested, respectively.     

NOx control by air staging in a small biomass fuelled underfeed stoker

There is a need to develop improved designs of environmentally acceptable thermal plant for use in process industries in developing countries. Such plant may take advantage of the underfeed combustion principle which exhibits a tolerance towards smoke emission in the burning of high volatile matter biomass fuels. This paper describes an experimental investigation into the conversion of a small, 30 kW underfeed stoker from coal to wood chip firing. Two methods of air staging are considered for NO_x abatement, including a novel air deflection technique. Comparisons are made between plant performances using the two methods. The results are also compared against representative values for coal firing. It was concluded that the air deflection technique showed potential as a means of NO_x minimisation in small, underfeed stokers taking into account other requirements of adequate plant thermal efficiency and exhaust gas combustion quality. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.