Binary and Ternary Heterometallic (La<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Gd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Y<Superscript>3+</Superscript>)–Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Hybrids: Chemically Bonded Assembly and Photoluminescence

A novel kind of organic–inorganic monomer SUASi has been achieved by modifying 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SUA) with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), subsequently binary and ternary Eu³⁺ mesoporous hybrid materials with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SUA)-functionalized SBA-15 and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) are synthesized by co-condensation of SUASi and TEOS in the presence of Eu³⁺ complex and Pluronic P123 as a template. Finally, luminescent hybrid mesoporous materials consisting of active rare earth ions (Eu³⁺)—inert rare earth ions (Y³⁺, La³⁺, Gd³⁺) complex covalently bonded to the mesoporous materials network have been obtained via this sol–gel approach. The physical characterization and photoluminescence of all these resulting materials are studied in detail. Especially the luminescent behavior has been studied with the different ratios of Eu³⁺–(Y³⁺, La³⁺, Gd³⁺), which suggests that the existence of inert rare earth ions can enhance the luminescence intensity of Eu³⁺. This may be due to the intramolecular energy transfer between Y³⁺, La³⁺, Gd³⁺, and Eu³⁺ through the covalently bonded mesoporous framework.     

Conversion of two-micron radiation into visible light using glass and ceramics based on ZBLAN: Но<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and ZBLAN: Ho<Superscript>3+</Superscript> + Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>

Visualization of infrared radiation of Tm:YLF-laser at the wavelength of 1908 nm has been investigated in the glass and ceramics samples with compositions of 53ZrF₄ · 20 BaF₂ · 1HoF₃ · 3YbF₃ · 3AlF₃ · 20NaF and 53ZrF₄ · 20BaF₂ · 3LaF₃ · 1HoF₃ · 3AlF₃ · 20NaF (mol %). In luminescence spectra of ZBLAN samples doped with Но³⁺, the bands at the wavelengths of 480, 540, and 650 nm were observed, which correspond to ⁵ F ₃ → ⁵ I ₈, ⁵ S ₂, ⁵ F ₄ → ⁵ I ₈, and ⁵ F ₅ → ⁵ I ₈ electron transitions in Но³⁺ ions with the maximum intensity of the red band (650 nm). Occupancy of the ⁵ S ₂ and ⁵ F ₄ levels in the ZBLAN: 1% Но³⁺ samples is related to the sequential absorption of the exciting radiation quanta. The level of ⁵ F ₅ is filled mainly due to the ionic interaction. Additional doping with the Yb³⁺ ions led to the change of the luminescence color to green and a decrease in the threshold radiation power density of the Tm:YLF-laser in ceramic samples up to 2 W/cm².     

A Novel Gd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>–Pb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> Doped LiSrPO<Subscript>4</Subscript> Phosphor for Phototherapy Lamp Applications

The phosphors LiSrPO₄:Gd³⁺ and LiSrPO₄:Gd³⁺, Pb²⁺ with different concentration of Gd³⁺ and Pb²⁺ were synthesized by combination of re-crystallization and modified solid state diffusion method. The synthesized phosphors were characterized using XRD, SEM and PL spectroscopies. The PL excitation spectra of LiSrPO₄:Gd³⁺ phosphor exhibit peak at 275 nm due to the ⁸S_7/2 →⁴I_J transition of Gd³⁺ ions and gave narrow UVB emission at 312 nm. The effect of Pb²⁺ ions on the PL properties of LiSrPO₄:Gd³⁺have also been investigated. Upon the addition of Pb²⁺ ions, the excitation of phosphors shows broad peak with maximum at 247 nm, overlapping the Hg 253.7 nm line. This addition of Pb²⁺ ions improved the emission intensity of narrow band UVB i.e. 312 nm under the excitation of 247 nm. The phosphor could be good candidate as phototherapy lamp phosphor material.     

Studies of Bone-Bonding Ability and Antibacterial Properties of Ag<Superscript>+</Superscript>, Cu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> or Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> ions Doping within Hench’s Bioglass and Glass-Ceramic Derivatives

Derived Hench’s bioglasses with specific ionic dopants Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, or Zn²⁺ have been prepared. The bone-boding ability or bioactivity behavior for the prepared glasses and their glass-ceramic derivatives has been investigated after immersion in phosphate solution for two weeks. Collective Fourier transform infrared absorption spectra (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were conducted in order to study the in-vitro bioactivity behavior. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to identify the crystallized phases upon thermal heat treatment through a two-step regime. The glasses and their glass-ceramic derivatives were tested to study their antibacterial or antifungal efficiency responding to the doped metal ions. FTIR spectra revealed the generation of two split peaks at about 560 and 605 cm^?1, after immersion in (0.2 M) sodium phosphate solution (Na₃PO₄), signifying the formation of a crystalline calcium phosphate phase, leading to hydroxyapatite formation. SEM examinations show characteristic rounded or nodular microcrystals for hydroxyapatite which support the FTIR data. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated crystallization of the main soda-lime silicate phase (1Na₂O.2CaO.3SiO₂) besides a secondary silicon phosphate phase (SiO₂.P₂O₅) in the studied glass ceramics. The route of crystallization is discussed on the basis of the presence of 6% P₂O_5; which facilitates the formation of phase separation and voluminous bulk crystallization of the main soda-lime silicate phase. The introduction of dopants is identified to cause no changes in the precipitated phases, with only minor changes in the percent of the crystalline phases. Experimental data indicate that the glass-ceramic samples are effective in bioactivity and antimicrobial efficiency.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mn–Fe Nano Oxides and Their Composite for Removal of Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript> and Co<Superscript>2+</Superscript> from Simulated Radioactive Waste

A study on the sorption of Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ onto mixed oxide of Mn and Fe obtained at different hydrothermal conditions and its organic hybrid film modified with polyacrylamide (Mn–Fe oxide/PAM) has been examined. The characterization of inorganic oxides and its composite samples were performed using XRD, SEM, FTIR, XRF and DTA-TGA techniques. The percent sorption of Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ on Mn–Fe oxide at pH 4.5 was 97, 11.85 and 10 % respectively with selectivity order Zn²⁺ ? Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺. The sorption value of Zn²⁺ at pH 4.5 onto Fe–Mn oxide reached nearly the same value of Zn²⁺ onto its composite. So, the new compound of Fe–Mn oxide has promising uses for separation of zinc ions while its composite can be used for removal all of these cations.     

An EPR study of Cu adsorption by clinoptilolite from Cl<Superscript>−</Superscript>, NO<Stack><Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript></Stack> and SO<Stack><Subscript>4</Subscript><Superscript>2−</Superscript></Stack> solutions

The concentration and the type of Cu²⁺ species adsorbed on a natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) was measured and studied by using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR). The EPR results together with macroscopic sorption data indicate that the solution ionic strength as well as, the type of electrolyte anion (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ ions were examined) affect the amount of Cu adsorbed and the type of Cu surface complexes. The increasing in solution pH affects Cu adsorption quantitatively whereas; the type of surface complexes formed depends mainly on solution ionic strength. For low solution ionic strength, when the inhibition from solution species is limited, the adsorbed Cu is characterized by more than one type of chemical environment. On the contrary, for high solution ionic strength the Cu adsorption is inhomogeneous and EPR spectra show only one type of surface complex. When the anions of the background electrolytes are different, but of equal normality, the results indicate that in the presence of SO₄²⁻ discernible Cu surface complexes are formed whereas, for Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ these surface formations are obtained only for high Cu adsorbed concentrations.     

Crystallographic studies on the site selectivity of Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, K<Superscript>+</Superscript>, and Rb<Superscript>+</Superscript> ions within zeolite Y (Si/Al = 1.56)

The single-crystals of Ca²⁺, K⁺-exchanged zeolite Y, and Ca²⁺, Rb⁺-exchanged zeolite Y were prepared by using flow method with mixed ion-exchange solution, whose Ca(NO₃)₂:KNO₃ mole ratios were 1:1 (crystal 1) and 1:100 (crystal 2), and Ca(NO₃)₂:RbNO₃ mole ratios were 1:1 (crystal 3) and 1:100 (crystal 4), respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05 M. They were fully dehydrated by vacuum dehydration at 723 K and 1 × 10^?6 Torr for 2 days. Their crystals were determined by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group \(Fd \overline{3}\) m, respectively, and were refined to the final error indices R ₁/wR ₂ = 0.057/0.196, 0.073/0.223, 0.055/0.188, and 0.049/0.175 for crystals 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In the structure of crystal 1 (|Ca₂₃K₂₉|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU), 23 Ca²⁺ ions per unit cell occupy sites I, II′, and II; 29 K⁺ ions per unit cell are at sites II′, II, and III′. In the structure of crystal 2 (|Ca_18.5K₃₈|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU), 18.5 Ca²⁺ ions per unit cell occupy sites I, I′, and II; 38 K⁺ ions are at sites I′, II, and III′. In the structure of crystal 3 (|Ca₂₇Rb₂₁|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU), 27 Ca²⁺ ions per unit cell occupy sites I, II′, and II; 21 Rb⁺ ions per unit cell are at sites II′, II, and III. In the structure of crystal 4 (|Ca₁₈Rb₃₉|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU), 18 Ca²⁺ ions per unit cell occupy sites I and II; 39 Rb⁺ ions per unit cell are at sites I′, II′, II, III, and III′. In the four crystals, the Ca²⁺ ion which has much smaller size and higher charge than other cations such as K⁺ and Rb⁺ energetically preferred at site I and so the first to be filled on it. Unlike Ca²⁺ ion, no K⁺ and Rb⁺ ions are found at site I, which are clearly less favorable for K⁺ and Rb⁺ ions.     

Dioxirane oxidation of 3β-substituted Δ<Superscript>5</Superscript>-steroids

This article reviews the utility of dioxiranes in the oxidation of 3beta-substituted delta5-sterols. Dioxiranes are the smallest cyclic peroxides that contain a carbon atom. They can be generated in situ from Oxone (2KHSO5.KHSO4.K2SO4) and a ketone. Dioxiranes are versatile oxidizing agents. The most common reaction of dioxiranes is epoxidation, with nearly 1:1 ratios of alpha/beta isomer products in all cases. delta5-Steroids with different side chains were epoxidized by dioxiranes generated in situ from several commercially available ketones. Although ketones function as catalyst, they were used in about an equivalent amount or large excess to accelerate the reaction.     

Electrochemical promotion in O<Superscript>2−</Superscript> cells during propane oxidation

The catalytic oxidation of propane was studied in an oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte cell at 623–773 K and atmospheric total pressure. Three catalyst-electrodes were tested, Pt, Pd and Ag. Under open circuit, the technique of Solid Electrolyte Potentiometry (SEP) was used to monitor the thermodynamic activity of oxygen adsorbed on the catalyst surface during reaction. Under closed circuit, the effect of electrochemical promotion was investigated. On Pt and Pd, the promoting effect was of the “inverted volcano” type. On Pt, the reaction exhibited a strong NEMCA effect; the closed circuit rate exceeded the open circuit rate by more than three orders of magnitude. On Pd, on the other hand, the effect was hardly Faradaic. On Ag, a moderate NEMCA behavior was observed and the promoting effect was purely electrophobic. Both open and closed circuit results obtained with these three catalyst-electrodes, are evaluated and compared to each other.     

Effect of amino acids containing sulfur on the corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solutions containing Cl<Superscript>−</Superscript>, F<Superscript>−</Superscript> and Fe<Superscript>3+</Superscript> ions: Behavior under polarization conditions

The effect of cysteine (RSH), methionine (CH₃SR), cystine (RSSR) and N-acetylcysteine (ACC) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 40% H₃PO₄ solution without and with Cl⁻, F⁻, Fe^3‰+ and their ternary mixture was studied using both potentiostatic and electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques under anodic and cathodic polarization conditions. The inorganic additives stimulate the overall corrosion reaction while the amino acids inhibit it with a predominant effect on the dissolution of iron. Both RSH and ACC are adsorbed according to Temkin’s isotherm while adsorption of RSSR and CH₃SR follows Frumkin and Langmuir isotherms respectively. The standard free energy of adsorption (ΔG ) was found to be in the order: RSSR > RSH ≅ ACC > CH₃SR. The binary mixtures of Cl⁻ or F⁻ with RSH or CH₃SR are the best inhibitors (IE > 90%) while those containing ferric ions or blend I and amino acids are not good corrosion inhibitors. EIS measurements showed that the cathodic reaction, hydrogen evolution, is charge transfer controlled while the anodic one, iron dissolution, is a complex process.     

Differences in Δ<Superscript>9</Superscript> desaturase activity between jersey-and limousin-sired cattle

An experiment examined Δ⁹ desaturase activity and FA composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue in two differing breeds of cattle. Jersey-sired cattle had significantly higher rates of desaturase activity than Limousin-sired cattle (1.55 vs. 0.75 nmol/mg protein/min). This difference was also demonstrated by a lower concentration of individual (e.g. 18∶0) and total saturated FA (38.3 vs. 45.1 wt%), and a higher concentration of individual (e.g., 16∶1) and total monounsaturated FA (58.2 vs. 52.7 wt%) in the Jersey animals. Other indices of desaturation calculated from the FA composition showed this same difference. The slip point of adipose tissue of Jersey cattle (36.8°C) was significantly lower than that of Limousin cattle (39.2°C), but Jersey adipose tissue had a greater content of β-carotene. The positive relationship between adipose tissue β-carotene and desaturation opposes the negative relationship between dietary β-carotene and desaturation determined elsewhere. These results, however, lead to the hypothesis that some cattle have a reduced capacity to metabolize β-carotene to various forms of vitamin A, a compound that can reduce Δ⁹ desaturase enzyme activity. In addition, the higher level of intramuscular fat in Jersey cattle (6.97 vs. 3.82%) is possibly related to a lack of inhibition of the adipocyte differentiation genes by vitamin A.     

Review of chemical syntheses of 7-keto-Δ<Superscript>5</Superscript>-sterols

Steroids bearing ketone functionality at carbon-7 are found commonly in nature, and the most prevalent of these are the 7-keto-Δ⁵-sterols. These substances have diverse biological properties and are present in biological samples and food products. For the purpose of studying this class of oxysterols, many chemical methods, involving the chemical oxidation of Δ⁵-sterols to the corresponding 7-keto-Δ⁵-sterols derivatives have been developed to produce these compounds. We have undertaken a review and evaluation of chemical methods for the synthesis of these compounds and have endeavored to enhance one of these procedures to yield products for chemical and biological investigations.     

A chromotropic acid modified SBA-15 as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for determination of Fe<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and I<Superscript>−</Superscript> ions in water

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterial (SBA-15-CA) was prepared by covalent immobilization of chromotropic acid onto the surface of mesoporous silica material SBA-15. Different techniques such as XRD, TEM, FT-IR, N₂ adsorption–desorption and TGA analyses were employed to characterize the grafting process. The data showed that the organic moiety (0.41 mmol g^?1) was successfully grafted to the SBA-15 and the primary hexagonally ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was preserved after the grafting procedure. SBA-15-CA has been realized as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe towards Fe³⁺ and I^? ions in aqueous media. SBA-15-CA exhibited a remarkable fluorescent quenching in the presence of Fe³⁺ ion over other competitive cations including Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Pb²⁺ as well as I^? ion among a series of anions including F^?, Cl^?, Br^?, CO₃^2?, HCO₃^?, CN^?, NO₃^?, NO₂^?, SCN^?, SO₄^2?, H₂PO₄^?, HPO₄^2?, and CH₃COO^?. A good linear response was observed between the concentration of the quenchers (Fe³⁺ and I^? ions) and fluorescence intensity of SBA-15-CA with detection limits of 1.5?×?10^?7 M for Fe³⁺ and 0.2?×?10^?7 M for I^?. Moreover, the effects of various pH values on the sensing ability of SBA-15-CA were investigated. Finally, the proposed method was successfully utilized for the determination of Fe³⁺ and I^? ions in river water, well water and tap water samples.     

Investigation of soy protein-kymene<Superscript>®</Superscript> adhesive systems for wood composites

This study investigated a new adhesive system, consisting of soy protein isolate (SPI) and Kymene^® 557H (simply called Kymene) (a commercial wet-strength agent for paper), that was prepared by mixing SPI and Kymene. Wood composites bonded with SPI-Kymene adhesive preparations had shear strengths comparable to or higher than those bonded with commercial phenol formaldehyde resins. Wood composites bonded with the new adhesive system had high water resistance and retained relatively high strength even after they had undergone a boiling-water test. The new adhesive system is formaldehyde-free, easy to use, and environmentally friendly. Kymene was proposed to serve as a curing agent in SPI-Kymene adhesives.     

Formation of carbamates and cross-linking of microbial poly(ε-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lysine) studied by <Superscript>13</Superscript>C and <Superscript>15</Superscript>N solid-state NMR

Formation of carbamates by amino groups of poly(ε-l-lysine) (ε-PL) and cross-linking of ε-PL were studied by using ¹³C and ¹⁵N solid-state NMR. It is a characteristic found in ε-PL cast from basic aqueous solution exposed to the air or gaseous CO₂. It is not observed in ε-PL cast from acidic aqueous solution and ε-PL cast from degassed aqueous solution under CO₂ free environment. The carboxyl carbon and amide nitrogen appear at 164 ppm in ¹³C spectrum and 92 ppm in ¹⁵N spectrum, respectively, which arise when some amino groups of ε-PL react with gaseous CO₂ to make carbamates. In addition to these peaks a peak at 171 ppm appears. We assigned it to amide C=O carbons which can not make intermolecular hydrogen bondings since there exist bulky carbamates groups close to these C=O groups. Self-assembly of ionic pairs of ammonium groups and carbamate anions leads to cross-linking of ε-PL.     

Mechanistic Study of the NO + NH<Subscript>4</Subscript>NO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Reaction on H- and Fe/H-BEA Zeolites Using <Superscript>15</Superscript>N and <Superscript>18</Superscript>O Labeled Species

Reduction of NO by NH₃ over metal-promoted zeolites represents the principal reaction in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for NOx removal from Diesel engine exhausts. It has been established that addition of ammonium nitrate (AN) to the reaction mixture substantially enhances the rate of this reaction, decreasing the temperature necessary for an efficient deNOx process. Nevertheless, the nature of this effect has not been completely elucidated. To investigate the NO?+?AN reaction mechanism, we have used individual reactants labeled with either ¹⁵N or ¹⁸O (or both isotopes), thus obtaining an experimental background for proposing the route of the SCR accelerated by AN addition. For this study, we have used as the catalysts H-BEA and Fe/H-BEA zeolites with various Si/Al ratios and various amounts and states of the iron species.     

Scheloribatid Mites as the Source of Pumiliotoxins in Dendrobatid Frogs<Superscript>†</Superscript>

The strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and related poison frogs contain a variety of dendrobatid alkaloids that are considered to be sequestered through the consumption of alkaloid-containing arthropods microsympatrically distributed in the habitat. In addition to ants, beetles, and millipedes, we found that adults of two species of oribatid mites belonging to the cohort Brachypylina, trophically a lower level of animal than ants and beetles, contain dendrobatid alkaloids. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of hexane extracts of adult Scheloribates azumaensis (Oribatida: Acari) revealed the presence of not only pumiliotoxin 251D (8-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-(2′-methylhexylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane), but also precoccinelline 193C and another coccinelline-type alkaloid. From the corresponding extracts of an unidentified Scheloribates sp., pumiliotoxin 237A (8-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-(2′-methylpentylidene)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane) was detected as a minor component, and identified by synthesis. The presence of related alkaloids, namely deoxypumiliotoxin 193H, a 6,8-diethyl-5-propenylindolizidine, and tentatively, a 1-ethyl-4-pentenynylquinolizidine, were indicated by the GC/MS fragmentation patterns, along with at least another six unidentified alkaloid components. Thus, one possible origin of pumiliotoxins, coccinellid alkaloids, and certain izidines found in poison frogs may be mites of the genus Scheloribates and perhaps related genera in the suborder Oribatida. Chemical Ecology of Oribatid Mites IV.     

Composite WSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Me</Emphasis><Superscript>V</Superscript>B<Subscript>2</Subscript> materials in W–Si–<Emphasis Type="Italic">Me</Emphasis><Superscript>V</Superscript>–B systems

Sections are constructed for WSi₂–Me ^VB₂ of the quaternary systems W–Si–(V, Nb, Ta)–B described by eutectic diagrams of state with T _eut (1940 ± 20), (1980 ± 20) and (2020 ± 30)°C and a boride content in the eutectics of 35, 20 and 15 mol.% respectively. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 41 – 44, March 2009.     

Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Cetyl 2-Ethylhexanoate by Novozym<Superscript>®</Superscript> 435

Waxes are esters obtained from long-chain fatty acids and long-chain alcohols which are biodegradable, biocompatible and nontoxic. Seafowl feather oil is a natural wax ester that exists on seafowl feathers. Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate is the major ingredient of seafowl feather oil. Cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate is widely used in cosmetics as a base oil because of its lubricity, moisture retention and non-toxic properties. An optimal production of cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate by direct esterification of cetyl alcohol with 2-ethylhexanoic acid was developed using an immobilized lipase (Novozym^® 435) as a catalyst in n-hexane. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and enzyme amount on the yield of cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate. The results show that reaction time, reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, and enzyme amount have significant effects on the yield of the esterification reaction. On the basis of ridge-max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: a reaction time of 2.65 days, a reaction temperature of 56.18 °C, a substrate molar ratio of 2.55:1, and an enzyme amount of 251.39%. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were 91.95 and 89.75 ± 1.06%, respectively.     

Crystallographic studies of fully dehydrated partially Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-exchanged zeolite Y (FAU,Si/Al = 1.56) depending on Zn<Superscript>2+</Superscript> concentration of aqueous solution during exchange

Four single crystals of fully dehydrated and partially Zn²⁺-exchanged zeolites Y (Si/Al?=?1.56) were prepared by the static ion-exchange method using a mixed ion-exchange solution in which Zn(NO₃)₂:NaCl mole ratios were 1:1 (crystal 1), 1:25 (crystal 2), 1:50 (crystal 3), and 1:100 (crystal 4), respectively, with a total concentration of 0.05 M, and followed by vacuum dehydration at 673 K. Their single-crystal structures were determined by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd\(\bar {3}\)m and refined to the final error indices R₁/wR₂?=?0.0459/0.1454, 0.0449/0.1283, 0.0427/0.1284, and 0.0486/0.1680, respectively. Their unit-cell formulas are |Zn₂₅Na₂₅|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU (crystal 1), |Zn_19.5Na₃₆|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU (crystal 2), |Zn_19.5Na₃₆|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU (crystal 3), and |Zn₇Na₆₁|[Si₁₁₇Al₇₅O₃₈₄]-FAU (crystal 4), respectively. The degree of Zn²⁺ exchange decreases from 67 to 19% as the initial concentration of Zn²⁺ decrease and the initial concentration of Na⁺ increases in given ion-exchange solutions.