Experimental and Numerical Investigations of a Dual‐Stage Cyclone Separator

Cyclone separators can be utilized in parallel to increase particle collection efficiency. However, this leads to a maldistribution problem that causes separation performance deterioration. To improve the flow distribution, a dual‐stage multicyclone separator (DSCS) was designed, containing a tangential‐inlet circle pathway cyclone array, an axial‐inlet radiation pathway cyclone array, and a cylindrical outer chamber. Experimental and computational fluid dynamics results revealed the gas‐particle flow distribution through multicyclone arrays. Effects of flow distribution on particle deposition were investigated experimentally. Particle trajectories inside the cyclone separators were also observed. The multicyclone array proved to generate a uniform inlet velocity distribution. The proposed cyclone separator can be considered as an option to accomplish dilute gas‐particle separation.     

Effects of the Inlet Section Angle on the Flow Field of a Cyclone

The gas flow fields of a cyclone with different inlet section angles have been studied numerically. The gas flow fields were simulated by means of the Reynolds Stress Transport Model (RSTM). The velocities and pressure drop profiles of these cyclones were investigated. The shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder were calculated with different inlet section angles. To analyze the relationship between the inlet section angle and the vortex finder insertion deepness, this paper details the shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder for three vortex finder insertion depths. The results indicate that the inlet section angle can decrease the shortcut flow from the bottom of the vortex finder, which has practical importance for the improvement of the separation efficiency. The inlet section angle can also decrease the pressure coefficient of a cyclone. When the inlet section angle is 45 °, the level of decrease is up to 30 %. However, the effect of the inlet section angle on the separation performance is related to the dimension of the vortex finder, i.e., the insertion depth and diameter of the vortex finder, and the effect is different when the cyclone has different vortex finder insertion depths.     

Effects of Flow Parameters and Inlet Geometry on Cyclone Efficiency

A novel cyclone design, named converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI) cyclone, is developed by improving the inlet geometry of conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI) cyclone for enhancing the physical performance of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of the CSSI cyclone is experimentally compared with the widely used CTSI cyclone. The results indicate that the CSSI cyclone provides higher collection efficiency by 5%~20% than that of the CTSI cyclone for a tested inlet velocity range of 11.99~23.85 m/s. In addition, the results of collection efficiency comparison between experimental data and theoretical model are also discussed.     

旋风分离器分离性能的数值模拟与分析

以XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0两种旋风分离器为原型,采用CFD软件对这两种旋风分离器进行了流场与分离效率的数值模拟,初步探讨了入口蜗壳形式与芯管结构对分离效率的影响。模拟结果显示:旋风分离器内流场呈各向异性分布特点,切向速度是影响分离效率的首要因素,径向速度的存在会造成"流场短路"现象,使轴向速度呈不对称分布,导致分离效率的降低。轴向速度与径向速度的共同作用促使颗粒在旋风分离器内做螺旋运动;XLPB-5.0和XCX-5.0的分离效率分别为92.55%和94.96%,与实验结果基本吻合,且不同芯管参数下XCX型的分离效率比XLPB型高;螺旋式入口蜗壳(XCX-5.0型)对旋风分离器上部流场的影响相比直流式入口蜗壳(XLPB-5.0型)复杂;对于两种旋风分离器,随着芯管直径的增大,分离效率逐渐变小;随着芯管深度的增大,分离效率先增大后减小。     

Numerical simulation of the effects of the design feature of a cyclone and the inlet flow velocity on the separation of CO2 particles from a CO2-COF2 mixture

In synthesizing COF₂ from CO, a considerable amount of CO₂ is produced. A method of solidifying CO₂ at low temperature and separating CO₂ particles from the COF₂ gas using a cyclone was designed and the separation efficiency according to the cyclone feature was studied. Optimal sizing and operation conditions of the cyclone were investigated by reviewing the flow velocity profile and the particle trajectory using a numerical analysis with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The effects of the inlet flow velocity and the ratio of the cyclone diameter to the cone length (D/L) on the recovery efficiency were estimated. Results revealed that the separation efficiency increases with an increase in the ratio of D/L and a decrease in the cyclone size. The recovery efficiency of CO₂ increases with the increase in the inlet flow velocity. Based on these results, we could propose a concept and methodology to design the optimal features and sizing of a cyclone suitable for separating solid CO₂ from gaseous COF₂ at low temperature.     

旋风分离器入口结构改进及其对“短路流量”的影响

常规切向进口旋风分离器的气流进入旋风分离器后必定要经过排气芯管外壁和筒体内壁之间,因此不可避免会使得相当一部分气流没有经过分离空间而直接从排气芯管底部排出(短路流量),这也是影响旋风分离器分离效率的重要因素之一。在前人工作的基础上,对旋风分离器的进口结构进行了改进:使得旋风分离器的入口具有一定截面角,并借助数值计算技术,分别对传统的和具有一定入口截面角旋风分离器内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,计算了芯管底部的"短路流量",结果表明:进口具有一定截面角可以明显减小芯管底部的"短路流量",这对改善旋风分离器的分离效率具有重要的实际意义。     

Characteristics of electrostatic cyclone/bag filter with inlet types (lab and pilot scale)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the characteristics of an electrostatic cyclone/bag filter with inlet types (upper and bottom inlet) in order to overcome the low collection efficiency for submicron particles and high pressure drop, which were the main problems of general fabric bag filters. The experiment was performed to analyze the collection efficiency and pressure drop of the electrostatic cyclone/bag filter compared with that of conventional fabric bag filters with various experimental parameters such as the inlet type (upper and bottom), inlet velocity (filtration velocity) and applied voltages. From the results, the upper inlet type showed a slightly higher pressure drop reduction ratio as 40–90% than that of bottom inlet. In addition, the electrostatic cyclone/bag filter represented an increment of over 5% for the collection efficiency of submicron particles (around 1 Μm) in comparison with the general fabric filter. Presented at the Int’/Sym. on Chem. Eng. (Cheju, Feb. 8–10, 2001), dedicated to Prof. H. S. Chun on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

双循环旋风分离器阻力性能的实验研究

双循环旋风分离器通过将主进气口设于简体中部,将顶部进气口设为回流口,消除了传统旋风分离器顶部进气口存在的二次流和短路流,进而使大于3μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%.基于工程设计理论的需求,研究了该新设备的阻力性能.利用直径为0.250 m的实验设备,测定了其压降与进口气速的关系,考察了不同结构和操作条件对其阻力性能的影...     

Characteristics of the collection efficiency for a double inlet cyclone with clean air

Two single inlet cyclones and a double inlet cyclone were designed and fabricated to evaluate, and compare, their collection efficiencies. Two single inlet cyclones had different inlet sizes and vortex finder diameters. The double inlet cyclone had two inlet parts that divided the cyclone inlet in two. Clean air was introduced to the inlet near the cyclone wall, and particle-laden air was introduced to the inlet away from the cyclone wall. This double inlet made the clean air swirl in the region near the vortex finder, and the particle-laden air swirl in the region close to cyclone wall. The performance of the double inlet cyclone was evaluated at various clean air flow rates, keeping the particle-laden air flow rate constant.The collection efficiency of the double inlet cyclone was found to be 5–15% greater than that of the single inlet cyclone with the same inlet size and vortex finder diameter. As the flow rate of clean air was increased, the collection efficiency increased. This result indicates the possibility of achieving higher collection efficiencies with a double inlet cyclone.     

双循环旋风分离器分离性能的实验研究

双循环旋风分离器采用筒锥结构,有2个切向进气口,即主进气口和回流口,分别位于筒体的中部和顶端。排灰口底部设有稳流锥,灰仓侧壁设置了抽气口。通过实验研究了进口位置、进口气速、稳流锥和抽气操作对此新设备分离性能的影响。实验设备直径为0.250 m,实验物料采用粒径0.1—36μm,平均粒径为8.72μm的石英砂。结果表明:主进口进料,风速在12—19 m/s变化时,总分离效率为98.5%—99.17%,可以基本去除大于3μm的颗粒。主进口进料比回流口进料总分离效率大1.5%—3.5%。采用主进气口进料时,稳流锥可以提高总分离效率0.15%—0.2%,抽气操作可以提高总分离效率0.3%—0.4%;回流口进料时,分别提高1.5%—2%和0.6%—1%。     

Turbulent dispersion coefficients in cyclone flow: An empirical approach

Among the various theories available to predict cyclone collection efficiency, the finite diffusivity theory of Mothes and Loffler (1988) has been shown to give the best fit of the observed grade-efficiency curves. However, lack of knowledge on the dependence of the particles' turbulent dispersion coefficient with cyclone geometry, operating conditions and particle size has so far hindered the application of this theory for predictive purposes and for improved cyclone design. In this work, this theory is applied for predictive purposes, through the use of an empirical relation for the particles turbulent dispersion coefficient. The proposed relation is based on an analogy with turbulent dispersion in packed beds, and correlates the particle radial Peclet and Reynolds numbers. Laboratory-scale reverse-flow cyclones of previously unpublished geometries were built to test the applicability of the proposed relation. The Mothes and Loffler (1988) theory, when coupled with the proposed estimates of turbulent dispersion coefficients, is a powerful tool for predicting cyclone collection efficiency, short of using computational fluid dynamics tools.     

分流型芯管对导叶式旋风管内颗粒逃逸的控制

Experimental and computational fluid dynamics was used in this study to predict the escape particles and evaluate the performance of PSC type cyclone tube with slotted vortex finder.The simulation results showed that the PSC type cyclone tube could remove the particles with a diameter greater than 5 μm.The PSC type cyclone tube increased the grade efficiency of particles with a diameter greater than 2 μm as compared with the Shell type cyclone tube.Short circuit flow occurred around the vortex finder slots and there was almost no short circuit flow under the vortex finder inlet.Most small particles escaped from vortex finder slots of the PSC type cyclone tube.The slotted vortex finder could develop “upwards flow” near the vortex finder inlet outside wall and control the escape particles under the vortex finder inlet.The force analysis of particles near the slotted vortex finder slots showed that gas flow carried the particles with a diameter smaller than 3 μm out the separator.     

CFD analysis of flow field in square cyclones

In this study, computational fluid dynamic method is used to predict and evaluate the flow field inside a square cyclone. The flow field is calculated using 3D Reynolds-averaged Naveir-Stokes equations. The Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) is used to simulate the Reynolds stresses. The Eulerian-Lagrangian computational procedure is implemented to predict particle trajectory in the cyclone. The Newton's second law is used to study the particle trajectory with modeling the drag and gravity forces acting on the particles. The velocity fluctuations are simulated using the discrete random walk (DRW). Two square cyclones which have different geometries are studied. The cyclones are simulated at different flow rates. The details of the flow field are studied in the cyclones and the effect of varying the flow rates is observed. Tangential velocity is investigated in different sections inside the square cyclone. Contour of pressure and turbulence intensity is shown for different inlet velocities inside the cyclones. It is observed that different geometries, also different inlet velocities, could affect on the pressure drop. The collection efficiency and the flow patterns obtained numerically are compared with the experimental data and good agreement is observed.     

Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology

A cyclone technology for a vacuum cleaner—axial inlet flow cyclone and the tangential inlet flow cyclone — to collect dusts efficiently and reduce pressure drop has been studied experimentally. The optimal design factors such as dust collection efficiency, pressure drop, and cut-size being the particle size corresponding to the fractional collection efficiency of 50% were investigated. The particle cut-size decreases with reduced inlet area, body diameter, and vortex finder diameter of the cyclone. The tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone has good performance taking into account the low pressure drop of 350 mmAq and the cut-size of 1.5 μm in mass median diameter at the flow rate of 1 m³/min. A vacuum cleaner using tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone shows the potential to be an effective method for collecting dusts generated in the household.     

旋风分离器入口结构影响的研究现状与进展

综述了近年来关于入口结构包括入口结构类型、入口截面形状以及入口下倾角度等对旋风分离器性能影响的研究。认为不同的入口结构参数设计对旋风分离器的性能及能耗有较大影响;随着入口数量增多,分离器压降降低,分离效率先升高后减少,双进口分离器的性能较优。入口截面形状采用倒三角形有利于提高分离效率,但压力损失增加;对于矩形入口旋风分离器,增大高宽比有利于提高分离效率,但也会增大压力损失。随着入口截面角的增加,压力损失降低,分离效率先升高后减小,存在有最优的入口截面角;螺旋下倾角能够改善旋风分离器的分离性能,降低压力损失并有效减少上灰环现象的发生。     

Numerical simulation of effect of inlet configuration on square cyclone separator performance

This paper presents a numerical study of the gas-solid flow in square cyclone separators with three types of inlet configuration. Three-dimensional Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) was used to simulate the turbulent flow of gas phase and a Lagrangian equation was used to simulate the particle motion. The resulting velocity, separation efficiency and pressure drops were verified by comparison with measured data. The effect of inlet configurations on the turbulent dynamics in the cyclone and the separation efficiency and pressure drop was analyzed. Results showed that inlet configurations influenced the turbulent dynamics in the cyclone and led to different pressure drop and separation efficiency. The separator with double declining inlets (DDI) had the minimum pressure drop and similar efficiency to the separator with double normal inlets (DNI). The separator with single normal inlet (SNI) had the best separation efficiency and the maximum pressure drop. When a baffle was installed in the inlet of separator SNI, the pressure drop increased by about 191% and 34% for the separator with a straight (SNI-1) and curved (SNI-2) baffle respectively on the basis of the pressure drop of separator SNI. The cut and critical diameter of particles were 2 μm and 14 μm for separator SNI-1 and 4 μm and 14 μm for separator SNI-2, while they were 8 μm and 30 μm for separator SNI at the same inlet conditions.     

防返混锥对双循环旋风器性能的影响研究

前面的研究表明,双循环旋风分离器的设计使得大于3μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%。本文通过CFD模拟软件Fluent 6.2对带有防返混锥的双循环旋风分离器内的压力场和颗粒轨迹进行了数值模拟,并与实验结果进行了比较,模拟结果和实验结果基本一致。模拟得出防返混锥可使分离器的阻力系数增加12%,并减小灰仓内3μm以下颗粒的返混量。实验结果表明,进口气速在8～21m/s时,防返混锥可使主进口和回流口的阻力系数分别增加14.6%和11.8%;当进口平均气速在15～19m/s时,若采用主进口进料,防返混锥可使总分离效率提高0.15%～0.2%;若采用回流口进料,可提高1.5%～2%。     

天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能

为了系统评价天然气净化用多管旋风分离器的分离性能,在线测量了入口气速6~24 m/s、入口颗粒浓度30~2000 mg/m3范围内多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率. 结果表明,多管旋风分离器的分离效率和分级效率都随入口气速和入口颗粒浓度增大而提高. 与单管旋风分离器相比,在相同实验条件下,多管旋风分离器的分离效率下降2%~15%;单管旋风分离器基本能除净粒径大于10 mm的颗粒,而多管旋风分离器只能去除15 mm以上的颗粒. 多管旋风分离器的压降主要是内部单管旋风分离器的压降,占整个压降的80%~90%.     

不同形式导流板对旋风器性能影响的试验研究

通过对加设不同形式导流板的旋风器进行试验研究,结果表明:不同形式导流板均不同程度地降低了旋风器阻力,同时也对分离效率产生了不同的影响.其中3#、4#导流板降阻幅度较大,但分离效率相对较低;2#的降阻效果强于1#,但弱于3#、4#,同时并没有降低分离效率;1#导流板只在一定限制条件内有减阻效果,其总体分离效率却比较高.