萤光增白剂DCB的合成研究

本文以对氯苯乙酮、吗啉合成Mannich碱,再与磺胺苯肼合成萤光增白刑DCB,研究了不同反应时间、加料比及介质pH值对反应的影响。其中磺胺苯肼与Mannich碱的克分子加料比为1∶1.2,反应介质的pH为3～4,反应时间为5小时,产品的产量和纯度最高。     

氯苯法合成磺胺新工艺研究

介绍以氯苯、三氧化硫、氯化亚砜、氨水为原料，进行磺化、酰氯化反应和胺化反应，得到产品对氨基苯磺酰胺，产品含量达到99.2%。该工艺对环境污染较小，原料易得。     

磺胺氯哒嗪钠的合成实验研究

以水合肼与顺丁烯二酸酐为起始原料,经扩环、氯化、缩合三步反应制备磺胺氯哒嗪钠。     

对氯苯甲酰氯的合成研究

研究了以对氯甲苯为原料，经氧化、酰氯化合成对氯苯甲酰氯。氧化产物对氯苯甲酸的含量在99％以上，收率为80％。目标产物对氯苯甲酰氯的含量为79％，收率为97．6％。对影响反应的因素作了讨论。     

苯基二氯化膦的合成研究

以氯苯、三氯化磷和白磷为原料采用高压法制备了苯基二氯化磷。研究了反应温度、反应时间和三氯化磷与氯苯的配料比对反应收率的影响。反应收率可以达到 70 %以上 ,三氯化磷和氯苯可回收循环利用     

4,4′-双(苯并口恶唑-2-基)二苯乙烯荧光增白剂(OB-1)的合成

以对甲基苯甲酸及其乙酯为原料,经过三氧化铬在乙酐中的氧化反应、在氯苯溶剂中以氯化亚砜为氯化试剂的侧链氯化反应和亚磷酸三乙酯为乙基化试剂的酯化反应,再经两步缩合反应,合成了荧光增白剂4,4′ 双(苯并口恶唑 2 基)二苯乙烯(OB-1)。OB-1(由Ⅲ合成Ⅳ粗品)的收率由文献中平均90%提高到平均99%以上。通过对化合物的元素分析、红外光谱以及在DMF中紫外吸收光谱的测定,确定了目标产物的结构。经HPLC测定,w(OB-1)>99%。     

氯化反应过程中氯资源的循环利用

以甲苯氯化副产物HCl作为氧化反应原料,采用γ-Al2O3负载铬活性组分的催化剂,在固定床反应器中进行氯化氢氧化制氯气工艺试验。在氧化反应温度为360℃、HCl/O2物质的量比为1∶1时,氯化氢转化率可达到85%以上。将氧化反应得到的混和气体循环使用于甲苯氯化反应,氯气利用率可达100%,实现了有机氯化反应中氯原子的循环利用。     

“一锅法”Mannich反应合成磺胺甲噁唑衍生物的研究

室温条件下,以磺胺甲噁唑、苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料,筛选反应溶剂和催化剂,获得最优反应条件：无水乙醇作为溶剂,离子液体IL 2为催化剂。在最优反应条件下进行底物拓展,制备了9种不同取代的磺胺甲噁唑衍生物,产率达到60%～94%。该合成方法条件温和,操作简便,为磺胺甲噁唑类化合物在医药领域的进一步应用提供了一定理论基础。     

对磺胺嘧啶厌氧生物降解机理的研究

以磺胺嘧啶为目标污染物,考察厌氧生物对磺胺嘧啶的降解性能。结果表明,在25℃、pH为6.0、外加100 mg/L碳酸氢钠的条件下,微生物对20 mg/L磺胺嘧啶的降解率为99.7%,磺胺嘧啶的降解过程符合零级反应动力学特征。降解途径分析显示,厌氧生物通过3条平行途径降解磺胺嘧啶,将磺胺嘧啶逐渐转化为低毒和无毒的化合物,其中2-氨基-4-羟基嘧啶是主要降解产物。     

β-型二氧化锰的研制及应用

二氧化锰是一种常见的氧化反应催化剂,现在已知二氧化锰有5种不同的晶型结构,不同晶型结构的二氧化锰的催化功能及寿命也不相同。经采用现代分析技术手段确证,丙炔醇路线生产磺胺嘧啶过程中氧化工序所用的二氧化锰触媒晶型为β-型结构。在此基础上定向合成了阻型二氧化锰,按正交法优化了工艺路线,应用于磺胺嘧啶氧化工序生产,达到了预期效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。