Firing dinas in a tunnel kiln with natural gas

Conclusions The firing of products for open-hearth, cooking, and glass furnaces and electric-steel furnaces was developed in a tunnel kiln 180 m long. Firing can be done on a level with other types of fuel with natural gas, the combustion of which should be done with double duct burners.For the firing of dinas products it is necessary to prolong the firing zone and this permits maximum temperatures to operate over a large section. With an annual output of 55,000 tons of products, the goods in the kiln are well cooled. The temperature of the goods upon discharge from the kiln does not exceed 40–50°C.During a four-year working period the factory staff substantially improved the working factors of the kiln. The specific fuel consumption for firing products in a tunnel kiln of this type is very low.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 22–25, August, 1969.     

Firing large dinas articles in a 243-m tunnel kiln

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - The Pervouralsk dinas factory has put into operation a 243-m tunnel kiln with a hydraulic valve. Setting methods, temperature, and hydraulic schedules have...     

Firing dinas goods in an oxidizing atmosphere in a tunnel kiln

Conclusions The use of oxidizing atmospheres for firing dinas goods will stabilize the temperature regime in the soaking zone and as a result reduce the production loss.The combustion of fuel with a coefficient of air consumption of>1 using hot air leads to an increase in the specific volume of combustion products, improves the uniformity of firing of the goods, and reduces the fuel consumption.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 13–15, February, 1982.     

Firing lightweight Dinas in a tunnel-type kiln

Conclusions The best type of stacking has been ascertained for lightweight dinas on tunnel-type kiln cars.The dinas can be fired in tunnel-type kilns together with ordinary dinas without altering the firing conditions.The lightweight dinas fired in the tunnel-type kilns included the larger types PM-17 and PM-20, so there is no doubt that standard size lightweight dinas can also be fired in these kilns.The satisfactory results of the experiments have enabled the plant to begin firing this dinas in tunnel-type kilns.     

硅砖隧道窑存在的问题及改进措施

对硅砖隧道窑进行综合技术改造，使其不仅能满足烧成优质硅砖的需要，而且各项经济技术指标也有明显提高。     

Temperature field in the setting of mullite corundum products in a tunnel kiln

Conclusions Investigations of the temperature field of the setting in a tunnel kiln of the high-alumina products section of the Zaporozhe Refractories Factory revealed individual features of the firing cycle for mullite-corundum articles; the low temperature of the setting in the first heated positions of the firing zone (Nos. 24–26) working without automatic regulation of the gas consumption according to the prescribed temperature of the kiln; the irregularity of the temperature field over the height and width of the setting; the variability of the linear dimensions and quality factors of the finished goods over the setting volume. Certain measures were worked out and used to eliminate these drawbacks.We obtained the general relationship for developing temperature fields in settings in actual kilns present in the department making aluminous, fireclay, and magnesia goods: when ensuring that t_kiln=const in the leading positions for burning the fuel in the firing zone we noted the extreme behavior of the temperature at the surfaces of the heated goods with a maximum at one or two positions.On the basis of the analysis of the processes of heat and body exchange occurring in the tunnel kiln, we note methods for improving its heat work and also the quality of the goods.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 15–20, May, 1981.     

Investigating temperature cycles for firing magnesite — Chromite products in a tunnel kiln

Conclusions Distribution of flue-gas temperatures in the cross section of the preheat zone of a tunnel kiln depends in particular on the reliability of sealing the roof and the hearth system.Variations in the temperatures of the flue gases in the firing zone depend mainly on the distribution of fuel and air in the cross section of the working region of the kiln, which is associated with the design of the burners, their arrangement, and their working conditions.The nature of the changes in the temperature of the surface at the settings is mainly the same as for the flue gases.A serious variation in temperature develops over the cross section of the setting column during heating, which reaches 100–150°C when no soak is provided.To level out the variations in temperature over the thickness of the column it is necessary to arrange a soaking at constant surface temperature at the end of the firing zone. Its duration depends on the material being fired, the thickness of the column, the heating rate, and the value of the stated final variation in the temperature.It is necessary to carry out an investigation to select the optimum burner design and arrangement.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 14–22, August, 1968.     

Analyzing the heating and cooling of products in a high temperature tunnel kiln

Conclusions We developed relationships permitting us to make accurate thermal analysis of tunnel kilns.We give an analysis of the thermal work of a high temperature tunnel kiln, and explain the essential role of radiation.We demonstrate the advantages of elongating the firing zones and the cooling zones of high temperature tunnel kilns at the expense of the preheat zones.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 16–23, February 1968.