12-THz frequency difference measurements and noise analysis of anoptical frequency comb in optical fibers

A span up to 50 THz of optical frequency comb (OFC) has been obtained by self-phase modulation in an optical fiber. The coherent nature of the process was verified by heterodyne-detecting the sidebands offset by up to 12 THz from the carrier. The signal-to noise ratio (SNR) of the beat signal between a sideband at 12 THz offset and another single-mode laser was 32 dB in a 1-MHz bandwidth. Although the linewidth of each beat signal was maintained within a few megahertz, phase noise pedestal power increased with the offset frequency     

Linking two optical frequency combs by heterodyne optical phaselocking between diode lasers at 2.6-THz frequency-difference

Two optical frequency combs (OFC) with total span of 8 THz have been realized and linked by injecting two laser beams into one OFC generator. Two lasers whose frequencies were separated by 2.6 THz were heterodyne phase-locked to link the two combs. The phase-locked loop bandwidth was 1 MHz and the phase error variance was estimated to be 0.08 rad²     

基于光频梳的超短光脉冲的产生及其在光模数转换中的应用

提出并实验验证了一种基于光频梳的超短光脉冲的产生方法。使用强度调制器和相位调制器级联直接调制直流激光得到了29条顶部功率变化小于1.5dB的光频梳。利用单模光纤色散将光频梳整形成重复频率为10GHz,脉宽为2.68ps的光脉冲。并成功用于对1～4GHz信号采样,系统的信噪比可达33.83dB,等效于5.33bit的有效比特数。     

A waveguide-type optical-frequency comb generator

A waveguide type optical frequency comb (WG-OFC) generator was developed at 1.56 μm wavelength region by utilizing a waveguide type phase modulator. It was confirmed that the envelope of sideband spectra had a width of 2.7 THz and the slope of the envelope profile was 28 dB/THz. The maximum measurable frequency difference, limited by the shot noise, was estimated to be 3.2 THz     

An optically driven phased array antenna utilizing heterodynetechniques

An optically driven phased array antenna system that utilizes heterodyne techniques to generate the microwave carrier frequency and phases is proposed. The heterodyning at each antenna element requires three injection-locked lasers. The microwave carrier frequency is determined by the order of the modulated sideband used in the injection-locking scheme. A design is also presented for an integrated optical fast Fourier transform (FFT). This device can perform the necessary phase processing for both beam steering and detection-of-arrival angle. Recent results on the noise properties of injection-locked semiconductor lasers are applied to the proposed antenna system. The effect of noise on the gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and the bandwidth of the antenna system is examined. It is shown that the performance degradation of the system, due to the noise in the lasers, is minimal, and therefore the bandwidth promise of optical drive could well be achieved with the use of heterodyne laser locking techniques     

Application of optical frequency comb generation with controlled delay circuit for managing the high capacity network system

The generation of optical frequency comb (OFC) with novel controlled delay circuit is presented in this study. The proposed OFC is based on a single laser source which is cascadingly connected with three modulators; all the modulators are tailored by RF signal while incorporating no phase shifter or electrical/optical amplifier. The proposed OFC is used as a source at optical line terminal (OLT) of WDM-PON setup, which serves multiple users with a single laser source making OLT side very cost effective. 41 comb lines with over 40 dB tone to noise ratio and high side mode suppression ratio, least amplitude difference of under 0.3 dB, with cost effective setup is an attractive source for WDM-PON system. The frequency spacing is 32 GHz between OFCG lines which provides enough bandwidth for data transmission, the overall bandwidth provided by this scheme is 1.2 THz. Using DPSK modulation technique across each frequency of OFCG, the controlled delay circuit increases the capacity by factor two, whereas by deploying DQPSK modulation technique, it quadrupled the overall capacity in downlink transmission. Thus, the system offers four times increased capacity ∼1.6 Tbps by deploying state of the art technique for modulation and generating OFC with controlled delay. The average power penalty in the downlink and uplink transmission is 2.5 dBm and 3.13 dBm.     

High frequency heterodyne spectroscopy with current-modulated diode lasers

The use of current-modulated semiconductor lasers for optical heterodyne spectroscopy has been investigated at modulation frequencies up to 2.6 GHz. The current modulation produces a simultaneous frequency and amplitude modulation of the laser output. A characteristic heterodyne spectrum occurs when the modulated laser probes a narrow absorption line. In order to analyze the measured spectra, a complete line shape theory has been derived for heterodyne spectroscopy with frequency- and amplitude-modulated laser light. The results show how the obtained signals depend on the modulation frequency and the phase difference between the frequency and the amplitude modulation. The measurement technique permits investigation of the FM-AM phase difference of current-modulated semiconductor lasers.     

基于光学频率乘法器的THz通信载波研究

为解决THz波无线通信系统载波存在的频率稳定性及精度问题,提出基于光学频率乘法器的THz载波产生方法.该乘法器由光梳信号生成器、光学可调滤波器和UTC-PD光学混频器组成.光梳信号和可调光纤进行光学频率相乘产生双模相干光信号,通过UTC-PD进行光外差混频产生高频率和高饱和输出功率的THz载波,并对载波的线宽、单边带相...     

A simplified tunable frequency interval optical frequency comb generator using a single continuous-wave laser

We propose and demonstrate a simplified and tunable frequency interval optical frequency comb (OFC) generator based on a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) using a single continuous-wave (CW) laser and low-power radio frequency (RF) driven signal. A mathematical model for the scheme is established. The 21- and 29-mode OFCs with frequency interval ranging from 6 GHz to 40 GHz are obtained under DD-MZM driven by a low-power RF signal within a maximum bandwidth of 1.12 THz. The generated OFCs exhibit spectral flatnesses of less than 0.5 dB and 0.8 dB within bandwidths of 160 GHz and 400 GHz, respectively.     

High-performance phase locking of wide linewidth semiconductorlasers by combined use of optical injection locking and opticalphase-lock loop

The requirement for narrow linewidth lasers or short-loop propagation delay makes the realization of optical phase-lock loops using semiconductor lasers difficult. Although optical injection locking can provide low phase error variance for wide linewidth lasers, the locking range is restricted by stability considerations. Theoretical and experimental results for a system which combines both techniques so as to overcome these limitations, the optical injection phase-lock loop (OIPLL), are reported. Phase error variance values as low as 0.006 rad ² (500 MHz bandwidth) and locking ranges exceeding 26 GHz were achieved in homodyne OIPLL systems using DFB lasers of summed linewidth 36 MHz, loop propagation delay of 15 ns and injection ratio less than -30 dB. Phase error variance values as low as 0.003 rad² in a bandwidth of 100 MHz, a mean time to cycle slip of 3×10¹⁰ s and SSB noise density of -94 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset were obtained for the same lasers in an heterodyne OIPLL configuration with loop propagation delay of 20 ns and injection ratio of -30 dB     

Limit of optical-frequency comb generation due to materialdispersion

The limit of optical frequency comb (OFC) generation (i.e., the limit of frequency difference measurement) due to the material dispersion in the EO crystal is experimentally studied. By using a modified monolithic OFC generator, we observed the OFC spectrum, and confirmed that the envelope of the OFC around 780 nm extended to a span as wide as 16 nm (or 7.6 THz) reaching the limit of the OFC generation. We also proposed a method of stabilizing the Fabry-Perot cavity for the monolithic OFC generator     

Generation of frequency-tunable light and frequency reference gridsusing diode lasers for one-petahertz optical frequency sweep generator

Generation of frequency-tunable light and frequency reference grids in a wide frequency span for a diode laser based optical frequency sweep generator has been performed. Frequency tuning and noise characteristics in nonlinear frequency conversions have been discussed. By using AlGaAs, InGaAsP lasers and their frequency conversions in the type II angle phase-matching KTP crystal, highly coherent frequency-tunable outputs have been obtained from 600 THz (0.5 μm) to 170 THz (1.7 μm). Use of the DFB lasers ensures the continuous tuning with a frequency range as wide as 1 THz. Atomic potassium and molecular iodine absorption resonances have been employed as frequency references for stabilizing the frequencies of lasers and the generated light with the frequency stability of 10^-9-10^-10. Optical frequency comb generation has been realized at the 0.8 μm wavelength with a two-sided sidebands span of 4 THz. We have also proposed and demonstrated specific frequency-tunable systems based on sum and difference-generations of diode lasers     

2μm双平衡式外差探测IQ解调与信噪比研究

建立了双平衡式外差探测IQ解调的数学模型,通过旋转λ/4波片来改变IQ信号间的相位差。从本振光强度过剩噪声、散粒噪声和热噪声三个方面对平衡式外差探测系统的信噪比(SNR)进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,当旋转λ/2波片使分束比在(0～0.272)和(0.728～1)范围内时,单源探测信噪比比平衡式探测的信噪比高;而分束比在(0.272～0.728)时平衡式探测的信噪比高于单源探测。搭建了2μm双平衡式外差探测实验系统,当分束比为0.5时,平衡式外差探测的信噪比比单源外差探测的信噪比提高10dB以上,从而证明了双平衡式外差探测系统在微弱信号检测中的可行性和优越性。     

基于四次乘方射频信号和级联MZM的梳线可调的光学频率梳

提出了一种基于四次乘方射频(radio frequency,RF) 信号和级联马赫- 曾德尔调制器(Mach-Zehnder modulator,MZM)的梳 线可调的光学频率梳(optical frequency comb,OFC)产生方案。利用乘方运算电路对正弦RF信号进行运算 耦合,产生的乘方RF信号驱动级联的MZM,调制器对输入光进行调制,从而产生梳线数可 调的平坦 OFC。建立了乘方RF信号驱动级联MZM产生OFC的理论模型,利用OptiSystem软件对其性能 进行了 研究。结果表明,OFC的梳线间隔是RF信号源频率的2倍,可调谐并且拓展了频谱带宽;产 生OFC的 目标梳线数是基准调制电压的4倍,实现了梳线数可调谐;调节MZM上下支臂的调制和偏置电 压差为确 定的优化值,可以使不同目标梳线数的OFC平坦度均小于0.95 dB。     

Homodyne optical phase locking of resonant cavity coupledsemiconductor lasers

Two confocal Fabry-Perot cavity coupled semiconductor laser diodes (CFP-LDs) have been constructed for optical phase-locking experiments. Their FM noise suppression characteristics were calculated and compared with measurements of FM noise using an optical resonator as the optical frequency discriminator (FM noise suppression ratio 39 dB). Spectral linewidth was measured and evaluated, and frequency drift of the heterodyne signal in the time domain (20 kHz/s), was also measured. A simple linearized model of the optical feedback system was used for the calculations. Using two CFP-LDs, homodyne optical phase-locking experiments were performed. The performance of the optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) was evaluated by measuring and calculating the phase error variance. The calculation took into account the actual power spectral density of FM noise of the lasers employed in the OPLL. The phase error variance, considering infinite bandwidth, is 2.26×10^-2 rad². Total phase-locked power concentration ratio of the slave laser in the OPLL was 97.7%     

Waveband-switchable SOA ring laser constructed with a phase modulator loop mirror filter

An electrically tunable multiwavelength source has been developed using a birefringence-based optical comb filter in a semiconductor optical amplifier ring laser. The filter is constructed with an electrooptic phase modulator placed inside a fiber loop mirror. By controlling the birefringence of the modulator through the applied bias, the radio-frequency power, or the modulation frequency, we achieve a continuous shift of the spectral comb to access different interleaved wavebands. Electrical waveband switching has been successfully demonstrated for 21 wavelengths at 100-GHz grid spacing with an optical signal-to-noise ratio over 40 dB.     

Far infrared laser frequencies of 13CD3OH

We have measured 30 far-infrared laser frequencies of optically pumped ¹³CD₃OH, 13 of which are new lines. The frequencies range from 0.5 to 4.9 THz with the majority between 0.75 and 1.5 THz. Two frequency stabilized CO₂ lasers were used as standards for the heterodyne measurements     

Optically coherent direct modulated FM analog link with phase noisecanceling circuit

This paper demonstrates a new phase noise canceling (PNC) circuit for use with an optically coherent analog frequency modulation (FM) link employing directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Direct frequency modulation of a semiconductor laser is a highly efficient optical-to-electrical conversion process, which can lead to very low noise figure (NF) and high dynamic range (DR). However, the large laser phase noise found in semiconductor lasers significantly degrades the FM link performance. The PNC circuit is a simple means for canceling the laser phase noise while extracting the modulated signal and taking advantage of the high FM conversion efficiency of semiconductor lasers. The theoretical performance of the PNC PM link is discussed in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), NF, and DR, and is compared to a Mach-Zehnder modulated link which uses high-power, solid-state lasers. Phase noise cancellation is demonstrated in an experimental PNC FM link. Comparison of a PNC FM link to an externally modulated AM (coherent) link shows a 31 dB improvement in the NF of the FM link, and a 10 dB improvement in DR. However at higher received optical powers phase-to-intensity noise limits the performance of both links to well below the theoretical calculations     

30-THz span optical frequency comb generation by self-phasemodulation in an optical fiber

The width of an optical frequency comb (OFC) was increased to 30 THz by using self-phase modulation (SPM) in an optical fiber. This value is 2.7 times larger than the maximum OFC span obtained by the OFC generator alone. We compare the resulting spectrum to numerical simulations to confirm that the SPM and the higher order dispersion of the fiber contribute to broaden the spectral profile